the origins of contemporary france-5-第12章

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for　he　never　repeats　any　of　his　phrases；　so　much　the　worse　for　the　pen

if　it　lags　behind；　and　so　much　the　better　if　a　volley　of　exclamations

or　of　oaths　gives　it　a　chance　to　catch　up。　…　Never　did　speech　flow　and

overflow　in　such　torrents；　often　without　either　discretion　or

prudence；　even　when　the　outburst　is　neither　useful　nor　creditable　the

reason　is　that　both　spirit　and　intellect　are　charged　to　excess　subject

to　this　inward　pressure　the　improvisator　and　polemic；　under　full

headway；＇12＇　take　the　place　of　the　man　of　business　and　the　statesman。



　〃With　him；〃　says　a　good　observer；＇13＇　〃talking　is　a　prime　necessity；

and；　assuredly；　among　the　prerogatives　of　high　rank；　he　ranks　first

that　of　speaking　without　interruption。〃



Even　at　the　Council　of　State　he　allows　himself　to　run　on；　forgetting

the　business　on　hand；　he　starts　off　right　and　left　with　some

digression　or　demonstration；　some　invective　or　other；　for　two　or　three

hours　at　a　stretch；＇14＇　insisting　over　and　over　again；　bent　on

convincing　or　prevailing；　and　ending　in　demanding　of　the　others　if　he

is　not　right；　〃and；　in　this　case；　never　failing　to　find　that　all　have

yielded　to　the　force　of　his　arguments。〃　On　reflection；　he　knows　the

value　of　an　assent　thus　obtained；　and；　pointing　to　his　chair；　he

observes：



〃It　must　be　admitted　that　it　is　easy　to　be　brilliant　when　one　is　in

that　seat！〃



Nevertheless　he　has　enjoyed　his　intellectual　exercise　and　given　way　to

his　passion；　which　controls　him　far　more　than　he　controls　it。



〃My　nerves　are　very　irritable；〃　he　said　of　himself；　〃and　when　in　this

state　were　my　pulse　not　always　regular　I　should　risk　going　crazy。〃＇15＇



The　tension　of　accumulated　impressions　is　often　too　great；　and　it　ends

in　a　physical　break…down。　　Strangely　enough　in　so　great　a　warrior　and

with　such　a　statesman；　〃it　is　not　infrequent；　when　excited；　to　see　him

shed　tears。〃　He　who　has　looked　upon　thousands　of　dying　men；　and　who

has　had　thousands　of　men　slaughtered；　〃sobs；〃　after　Wagram　and　after

Bautzen；＇16＇　at　the　couch　of　a　dying　comrade。　　〃I　saw　him；〃　says　his

valet；　〃weep　while　eating　his　breakfast；　after　coming　from　Marshal

Lannes's　bedside；　big　tears　rolled　down　his　cheeks　and　fell　on　his

plate。〃　It　is　not　alone　the　physical　sensation；　the　sight　of　a

bleeding；　mangled　body；　which　thus　moves　him　acutely　and　deeply；　for　a

word；　a　simple　idea；　stings　and　penetrates　almost　as　far。　　Before　the

emotion　of　Dandolo；　who　pleads　for　Venice　his　country；　which　is　sold

to　Austria；　he　is　agitated　and　his　eyes　moisten。＇17＇　　Speaking　of　the

capitulation　of　Baylen；　at　a　full　meeting　of　the　Council　of　State；＇18＇

his　voice　trembles；　and　〃he　gives　way　to　his　grief；　his　eyes　even

filling　with　tears。〃　In　1806；　setting　out　for　the　army　and　on　taking

leave　of　Josephine；　he　has　a　nervous　attack　which　is　so　severe　as　to

bring　on　vomiting。＇19＇　　〃We　had　to　make　him　sit　down；〃　says　an　eye…

witness；　〃and　swallow　some　orange　water；　he　shed　tears；　and　this

lasted　a　quarter　of　an　hour。〃　The　same　nervous　and　stomachic　crisis

came　on　in　1808；　on　deciding　on　the　divorce；　he　tosses　about　a　whole

night；　and　laments　like　a　woman；　he　melts；　and　embraces　Josephine；　he

is　weaker　than　she　is：　〃My　poor　Josephine；　I　can　never　leave　you！〃

Folding　her　in　his　arms；　he　declares　that　she　shall　not　quit　him；　he

abandons　himself　wholly　to　the　sensation　of　the　moment；　she　must

undress　at　once；　sleep　alongside　of　him；　and　he　weeps　over　her　；

〃literally；〃　she　says；　〃　he　soaked　the　bed　with　his　tears。〃　…

Evidently；　in　such　an　organism；　however　powerful　the　superimposed

regulator；　there　is　a　risk　of　the　equilibrium　being　destroyed。　　He　is

aware　of　this；　for　he　knows　himself　well；　he　is　afraid　of　his　own

nervous　sensibility；　the　same　as　of　an　easily　frightened　horse；　at

critical　moments；　at　Berezina；　he　refuses　to　receive　the　bad　news

which　might　excite　this；　and；　on　the　informer's　insisting　on　it；　he

asks　him　again；＇20＇　〃Why；　sir；　do　you　want　to　disturb　me？〃　…

Nevertheless；　in　spite　of　his　precautions；　he　is　twice　taken　unawares；

at　times　when　the　peril　was　alarming　and　of　a　new　kind；　he；　so　clear

headed　and　so　cool　under　fire；　the　boldest　of　military　heroes　and　the

most　audacious　of　political　adventurers；　quails　twice　in　a

parliamentary　storm　and　again　in　a　popular　crisis。　　On　the　18th　of

Brumaire；　in　the　Corps　Législatif；　〃he　turned　pale；　trembled；　and

seemed　to　lose　his　head　at　the　shouts　of　outlawry　。　。　。　。　they　had　to

drag　him　out　。　。　。　。　they　even　thought　for　a　moment　that　he　was　going

to　faint。〃＇21＇　　After　the　abdication　at　Fontainebleau；　on　encountering

the　rage　and　imprecations　which　greeted　him　in　Provence；　he　seemed　for

some　days　to　be　morally　shattered；　the　animal　instincts　assert　their

supremacy；　he　is　afraid　and　makes　no　attempt　at　concealment。＇22＇　After

borrowing　the　uniform　of　an　Austrian　colonel；　the　helmet　of　a　Prussian

quartermaster；　and　the　cloak　of　the　Russian　quartermaster；　he　still

considers　that　he　is　not　sufficiently　disguised。　　In　the　inn　at

Calade；　〃he　starts　and　changes　color　at　the　slightest　noise〃；　the

commissaries；　who　repeatedly　enter　his　room；　〃find　him　always　in

tears。〃　〃He　wearies　them　with　his　anxieties　and　irresolution〃；　he　says

that　the　French　government　would　like　to　have　him　assassinated　on　the

road；　refuses　to　eat　for　fear　of　poison；　and　thinks　that　he　might

escape　by　jumping　out　of　the　window。　　And　yet　he　gives　vent　to　his

feelings　and　lets　his　tongue　run　on　about　himself　without　stopping；

concerning　his　past；　his　character；　unreservedly；　indelicately；

trivially；　like　a　cynic　and　one　who　is　half…crazy；　his　ideas　run　loose

and　crowd　each　other　like　the　anarchical　gatherings　of　a　tumultuous

mob；　he　does　not　recover　his　mastery　of　them　until　he　reaches　Fréjus；

the　end　of　his　journey；　where　he　feels　himself　safe　and　protected　from

any　highway　assault；　then　only　do　they　return　within　ordinary　limits

and　fall　back　in　regular　line　under　the　control　of　the　sovereign

intellect　which；　after　sinking　for　a　time；　revives　and　resumes　its

ascendancy。　…　There　is　nothing　in　him　so　extraordinary　as　this　almost

perpetual　domination　of　the　lucid；　calculating　reason；　his　willpower

is　still　more　formidable　than　his　intelligence；　before　it　can　obtain

the　mastery　of　others　it　must　be　master　at　home。　　To　measure　its

power；　it　does　not　suffice　to　note　its　fascinations；　to　enumerate　the

millions　of　souls　it　captivates；　to　estimate　the　vastness　of　the

obstacles　it　overcomes：　we　must　again；　and　especially；　represent　to

ourselves　the　energy　and　depth　of　the　passions　it　keeps　in　check　and

urges　on　like　a　team　of　prancing；　rearing　horses　…　it　is　the　driver

who；　bracing　his　arms；　constantly　restrains　the　almost　ungovernable

steeds；　who　controls　their　excitement；　who　regulates　their　bounds；　who

takes　advantage　even　of　their　viciousness　to　guide　his　noisy　vehicle

over　precipices　as　it　rushes　on　with　thundering　speed。　　If　the　pure

ideas　of　the　reasoning　brain　thus　maintain　their　daily　supremacy　it　is

due　to　the　vital　flow　which　nourishes　them；　their　roots　are　deep　in

his　heart　and　temperament；　and　those　roots　which　give　them　their

vigorous　sap　constitute　a　primordial　instinct　more　powerful　than

intellect；　more　powerful　even　than　his　will；　the　instinct　which　leads

him　to　center　everything　on　himself；　in　other　words　egoism。＇23＇





II。　Will　and　Egoism。



Bonaparte's　dominant　passion。　…　His　lucid；　calculating　mind。　…　Source

and　power　of　the　Will。　…　Early　evidences　of　an　active；　absorbing

egoism。　…　His　education　derived　from　the　lessons　of　things。　…　In

Corsica。　…　In　France　during　the　Revolution。　…　In　Italy。　…　In　Egypt。　…

His　idea　of　Society　and　of　Right。　…　Maturing　after　the　18th　of

Brumaire。　…　His　idea　of　Man。　…　It　conforms　to　his　character



It　is　egoism；　not　a　passive；　but　an　active　and　intrusive　egoism；

proportional　to　the　energy　and　extension　of　his　faculties　developed　by

his　education　and　circumstances；　exaggerated　by　his　success　and　his

omnipotence　to　such　a　degree　that　a　monstrous　colossal　I　has　been

erected　in　society。　　It　expands　unceasingly　the　circle　of　a　tenacious

and　rapacious　grasp；　which　regards　all　resistance　as　offensive；　which

all　independence　annoys；　and　which；　on　the　boundless　domain　it　assigns

to　itself；　is　intolerant　of　anybody　that　does　not　become　either　an

appendix　or　a　tool。　…　The　germ　of　this　absorbing　personality　is

already　apparent　in　the　youth　and　even　in　the　infant。



〃Character：　dominating；　imperious；　and　stubborn；〃



　says　the　record　at　Brienne。＇24＇　　And　the　notes　of　the　Military

Academy　add；＇25＇



〃Extremely　inclined　to　egoism；〃　…　〃proud；　ambitious；　aspiring　in　all

directions；　fond　of　solitude；〃



undoubtedly　because　he　is　not　master　in　a　group　of　equals　and　is　ill

at　ease　when　he　cannot　rule。



　〃I　lived　apart　from　my　comrades；〃　he　says　at　a　later　date。＇26＇　…　〃I

had　selected　a　little　corner　in　the　playgrounds；　where　I　used　to　go

and　sit　down　and　indulge　my　fancies。　　When　my　comrades　were　disposed

to　drive　me　out　of　this　corner　I　defended　it　with　all　my　might　。　　My

instinct　already　told　me　that　my　will　should　prevail　against　other

wills；　and　that　whatever　pleased　me　ought　to　belong　to　me。〃



Referring　to　his　early　years　under　the　paternal　roof　at　Corsica；　he

depicts　himself　as　a　little　mischievous　savage；　rebelling　against

every　sort　of　restraint；　and　without　any　conscience。＇27＇　〃　I　respected

nothing　and　feared　nobody；　I　beat　one　and　scratched　another；　I　made

everybody　afraid　of　me。　　I　beat　my　brother　Joseph；　I　bit　him　and

complained　of　him　almost　before　he　knew　what　he　was　about。〃　A　clever

trick；　and　one　which　he　was　not　slow　to　repeat。　　His　talent　for

improvising　useful　falsehoods　is　innate；　later　on；　at　maturity；　he　is

proud　of　this　；　he　makes　it　the　index　and　measure　of　〃political

superiority；〃　and　〃delights　in　calling　to　mind　one　of　his　uncles　who；

in　his　infancy；　prognosticated　to　him　that　he　would　govern　the　world

because　he　was　fond　of　lying。〃＇28＇



Remark　this　observation　of　the　uncles　…　it　sums　up　the　experiences　of

a　man　of　his　time　and　of　his　country；　it　is　what　social　life　in

Corsica　inculcated；　morals　and　manners　there　adapted　themselves　to

each　other　through　an　unfailing　connection。　　The　moral　law；　indeed；　is

such　because　similar　customs　prevail　in　all　countries　and　at　all　times

where　the　police　is　powerless；　where　justice　cannot　be　obtained；　where

public　interests　are　in　the　hands　of　whoever　can　lay　hold　of　them；

where　private　warfare　is　pitiless　and　not　repressed；　where　every　man

goes　armed；　where　every　sort　of　weapon　is　fair；　and　where

dissimulation；　fraud；　and　trickery；　as　well　as　gun　or　poniard；　are

allowed；　which　was　the　case　in　Corsica　in　the　eighteenth　century；　as

in　Italy　in　the　fifteenth　century。　…　Hence　the　early　impressions　of

Bonaparte　similar　to　those　of　the　Borgias　and　of　Macchiavelli；　hence；

in　his　case；　that　first　stratum　of　half…thought　which；　later