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the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及15嫗

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which grows on some heaths�察�and is hard to be found。 And note�察�that in a 

very dry time�察�when you are put to an extremity for worms�察�walnut´tree 

leaves squeezed into water�察�or salt in water�察�to make it bitter or salt�察�and 

then that water poured on the ground where you shall see worms are used 

to rise in the night�察�will make them to appear above ground presently。 And 

you may take notice�察�some say that camphire put into your bag with your 

moss and worms gives them a strong and so tempting a smell�察�that the fish 

fare the worse and you the better for it。 

    And now�察�I shall shew you how to bait your hook with a worm so as 

shall prevent you   from  much trouble�察 �and the   loss of many  a hook�察 �too�察�

when you fish for a Trout with a running line�察�that is to say�察�when you fish 



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for him by hand at the ground。 I will direct you in this as plainly as I can�察�

that you may not mistake。 

     Suppose   it   be   a   big   lob´worm�此  �put   your   hook   into   him   somewhat 

above the middle�察�and out again a little below the middle�此�having so done�察�

draw   your   worm   above   the   arming   of   your   hook�察  �but   note�察  �that�察  �at   the 

entering of your hook�察�it must not be at the head´end of the worm�察�but at 

the tail´end of him�察�that the point of your hook may come out toward the 

head´end�察�and�察�having drawn him above the arming of your hook�察�then put 

the point of your hook again into the very head of the worm�察�till it come 

near to the place where the point of the hook first came out�察�and then draw 

back   that   part   of   the   worm  that   was   above   the   shank   or   arming   of   your 

hook�察�and so fish with it。 And if you mean to fish with two worms�察�then 

put the second on before you turn back the hook's´ head of the first worm。 

You   cannot   lose   above   two   or   three   worms   before   you   attain   to   what   I 

direct you�察�and having attained it�察�you will find it very useful�察�and thank 

me for it�此�for you will run on the ground without tangling。 

     Now for the   Minnow or   Penk�此�he   is not   easily found   and caught till 

March�察  �or   in April�察  �for   then   he   appears   first   in   the   river�察  �nature   having 

taught him to shelter and hide himself�察�in the winter�察�in ditches that be near 

to the river�察�and there both to hide�察�and keep himself warm�察�in the mud�察�or 

in the weeds�察�which rot not so soon as in a running river�察�in which place if 

he were in winter�察�the distempered floods that are usually in that season 

would suffer him to take no rest�察�but carry him headlong to mills and weirs�察�

to his confusion。 And of these Minnows�此�first�察�you are to know�察�that the 

biggest size is not the best�察�and next�察�that the middle size and the whitest 

are the best�察�and then you are to know�察�that your minnow must be so put 

on your hook�察�that it must turn round when 'tis drawn against the stream�察�

and�察�that it may turn nimbly�察�you must put it on a big´sized hook�察�as I shall 

now direct you�察�which is thus�此�Put your hook in at his mouth�察�and out at 

his   gill�察  �then�察  �having   drawn   your   hook   two   or   three   inches   beyond   or 

through his gill�察�put it again into his mouth�察�and the point and beard out at 

his tail�察�and then tie the hook and his tail about�察�very neatly�察�with a white 

thread�察�which will make it the apter to turn quick in the water�察�that done�察�

pull back that part of your line   which was slack when   you did put   your 



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hook into   the minnow  the second   time�察  �I say�察 �pull that part of   your line 

back�察�so that it shall fasten the head�察�so that the body of the minnow shall 

be almost straight on your hook�此�this done�察�try how it will turn�察�by drawing 

it across the water or against a stream�察�and if it do not turn nimbly�察�then 

turn the tail a little to the right or left hand�察�and try again�察�till it turn quick�察�

for   if  not�察  �you   are  in   danger    to  catch   nothing�此   �for   know�察   �that  it  is 

impossible that it should turn too quick。 And you are yet to know�察�that in 

case you want a minnow�察�then a small loach�察�or a stickle´bag�察�or any other 

small fish that will turn quick�察�will serve as well。 And you are yet to know 

that you may salt them�察�and by that means keep them ready and fit for use 

three or four days�察�or longer�察�and that�察�of salt�察�bay´salt is the best。 

     And here let me tell you�察�what many old anglers know right well�察�that 

at   some    times�察  �and   in  some    waters�察   �a  minnow     is  not   to  be  got�察 �and 

therefore�察�let me tell you�察�I have�察�which I will shew to you�察�an artificial 

minnow�察�that will catch a Trout as well as an artificial fly�此�and it was made 

by a handsome woman that had a fine hand�察�and a live minnow lying by 

her�此�the mould or body of the   minnow was cloth�察�and wrought upon�察�or 

over it�察�thus�察�with a needle�察�the back of it with very sad French green silk�察�

and paler green silk towards the belly�察�shadowed as perfectly as you can 

imagine�察  �just   as   you   see   a   minnow�此  �the   belly   was   wrought   also   with   a 

needle�察�and it was�察�a part of it�察�white silk�察�and another part of it with silver 

thread�此�the tail and fins were of a quill�察�which was shaven thin�此�the eyes 

were of two little black beads�此�and the head was so shadowed�察�and all of it 

so curiously wrought�察�and so exactly dissembled�察�that it would beguile any 

sharp´sighted Trout in a swift stream。 And this minnow I will now shew 

you�察�look�察�here it is�察�and�察�if you like it�察�lend it you�察�to have two or three 

made by it�察�for they be easily carried about an angler�察�and be of excellent 

use�此�for note�察�that a large Trout will come as fiercely at a minnow as the 

highest´mettled hawk doth seize on a partridge�察�or a greyhound on a hare。 

I have been told that one hundred and sixty minnows have been found in a 

Trout's   belly�此  �either   the   Trout   had   devoured   so   many�察  �or   the   miller   that 

gave it a friend of mine had forced them down his throat after he had taken 

him。 

     Now   for   Flies�察  �which   is   the   third   bait   wherewith   Trouts   are   usually 



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taken。 You are to know�察�that there are so many sorts of flies as there be of 

fruits�此�I will name you but some of them�察�as the dun´fly�察�the stone´ fly�察�the 

red´fly�察�the moor´fly�察�the tawny´fly�察�the shell´fly�察�the cloudy or blackish´fly�察�

the   flag´fly�察  �the   vine´fly�察  �there   be   of   flies�察  �caterpillars�察  �and   canker´flies�察�

and bear´flies�察�and indeed too many either for me to name�察�or for you to 

remember。 And   their   breeding   is   so   various   and   wonderful�察  �that   I   might 

easily amaze myself�察�and tire you in a relation of them。 

     And�察�yet�察�I will exercise your promised patience by saying a little of 

the   caterpillar�察  �or   the   palmer´fly   or   worm�察  �that   by   them   you   may   guess 

what a work it were�察�in a discourse�察�but to run over those very many flies�察�

worms�察�and little living creatures�察�with which the sun and summer adorn 

and   beautify   the   river´banks   and   meadows�察  �both   for   the   recreation   and 

contemplation of us anglers�察�pleasures which�察�I think�察�myself enjoy more 

than any other man that is not of my profession。 

     Pliny  holds   an   opinion�察 �that   many   have   their   birth�察  �or   being�察  �from   a 

dew that in the spring falls upon the leaves of trees�察�and that some kinds of 

them are from a dew left upon herbs or flowers�察�and others from a dew left 

upon coleworts or cabbages�此�all which kinds of dews being thickened and 

condensed�察�are by the sun's generative heat�察�most of them�察�hatched�察�and in 

three days made living creatures。 and these of several shapes and colours�察�

some   being   hard   and   tough�察  �some   smooth   and   soft�察  �some   are   horned   in 

their head�察�some in their tail�察�some have none�察�some have hair�察�some none�此�

some have sixteen feet�察�some less�察�and some have none�此�but�察�as our Topsel 

hath with great diligence observed�察�those which have none�察�move upon the 

earth�察�or upon broad leaves�察�their motion being not unlike to the waves of 

the sea。   Some   of   them  he   also   observes   to   be   bred   of   the   eggs   of   other 

caterpillars�察�and that those in their time turn to be butterflies�察�and again�察�

that their eggs turn the following year to be caterpillars And some affirm�察�

that   every   plant   has   its   particular   fly   or   caterpillar�察  �which   it   breeds   and 

feeds。   I   have   seen�察  �and   may   therefore   affirm   it�察  �a   green   caterpillar�察  �or 

worm�察  �as   big   as   a   small   peascod�察  �which   had   fourteen   legs�察  �eight   on   the 

belly�察�four under the neck�察�and two near the tail。 It was found on a hedge 

of   privet�察  �and   was   taken   thence�察  �and   put   into   a   large   box�察  �and   a   little 

branch or two of privet put to it�察�on which I saw it feed as sharply as a dog 



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gnaws a bone�此�it lived thus�察�five or six days�察�and thrived�察�and changed the 

colour two or three times but by some neglect in the keeper of it�察�it then 

died and did not turn to a fly�此�but if it had lived�察�it had doubtless turned to 

one of those flies that some call Flies of prey�察�which those that walk by the 

rivers may�察�in summer�察�see fasten on smaller flies�察�and�察�I think�察�make them 

their food。 And 'tis observable�察�that as there be these flies of prey�察�which 

be very large�察�so there be others�察�very little�察�created�察�I think�察�only to feed 

them�察  �and   breed   out   of   I   know   not   what�察  �whose   life�察  �they   say�察  �nature 

intended not to exceed an hour�察�and yet that life is thus made shorter by 

other flies�察�or accident。 

     'Tis   endless     to  tell  you    what    the   curious    searchers     into   nature's 

productions   have   observed   of   these   worms   and   flies�此  �but   yet   I   shall   tell 

you what Aldrovandus�察�our Topsel�察�and others�察�say of the Palmer´worm�察�or 

Caterpillar�此  �that   whereas   others   content   themselves   to   feed   on   particular 

herbs or leaves�察�for most think�察�those very leaves that gave them life and 

shape�察�give them a particular feeding and nourishment�察�and that upon them 

they usually abide�察�yet he observes�察�that this is called a pilgrim�察�or palmer´ 

worm�察     �for  his   very   wandering      life�察 �and   various    food�察   �not   contenting 

himself�察  �as   others do�察  �with   any  one   certain   place   for   his   abode�察  �nor   any 

certain     kind   of   herb   o

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