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the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及16嫗

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




     Just so。     And they are not to be blamed if they pressed first and most 

earnestly reforms which they knew by painful experience to be necessary。 

All reformers are wont thus to begin at home。                 It is to their honour if�察�not 

content with shaking off their own fetters�察�they begin to see that others are 

fettered   likewise�察  �and�察  �reasoning   from   the   particular   to   the   universal�察  �to 

learn that their own cause is the cause of mankind。                    There is�察�therefore�察�

no reason to doubt that these men were honest�察�when they said that they 

were combating�察�not in their own cause merely�察�but in that of humanity�察�

and   that   the   Church   was   combating   in   her   own   cause�察  �and   that   of   her 

power   and   privilege。       The   Church   replied   that   she�察  �too�察  �was   combating 

for humanity�察�for its moral and eternal well´being。                  But that is just what 



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the  philosophes   denied。 They  said   ��and   it   is   but   fair   to   take   a   statement 

which appears on the face of all their writings�察�which is the one key´note 

on   which   they   ring   perpetual   changes���察  �that   the   cause   of   the   Church   in 

France was not that of humanity�察�but of inhumanity�察�not that of nature�察�but 

of   unnature�察  �not   even   that   of   grace�察  �but   of   disgrace。 Truely   or   falsely�察�

they complained that the French clergy had not only identified themselves 

with the repression of free thought�察�and of physical science�察�especially that 

of the Newtonian astronomy�察�but that they had proved themselves utterly 

unfit�察  �for   centuries   past�察  �to   exercise   any  censorship   whatsoever  over   the 

thoughts   of   men�此  �that   they   had   identified   themselves   with   the   cause   of 

darkness�察�not of light�察�with persecution and torture�察�with the dragonnades 

of   Louis   XIV。�察  �with   the   murder   of   Calas   and   of   Urban   Grandier�察  �with 

celibacy�察    �hysteria�察   �demonology�察      �witchcraft�察    �and    the  shameful      public 

scandals�察  �like   those   of   Gauffredi�察  �Grandier�察  �and   Pere   Giraud�察  �which   had 

arisen out of mental disease�察�with forms of worship which seemed to them 

��rightly or wrongly�� idolatry�察�and miracles which seemed to them ��rightly 

or   wrongly��   impostures�察  �that   the   clergy   interfered   perpetually   with   the 

sanctity of family life�察�as well as with the welfare of the state�察�that their 

evil counsels�察�and specially those of the Jesuits�察�had been patent and potent 

causes of much of the misrule and misery of Louis XIV。's and XV。's reigns�察�

and that with all these heavy counts against them�察�their morality was not 

such as to make other men more moral�察�and was notat least among the 

hierarchyimproving�察�or likely to improve。                To a Mazarin�察�a De Retz�察�a 

Richelieu ��questionable men enough�� had succeeded a Dubois�察�a Rohan�察�a 

Lomenie de Brienne�察�a Maury�察�a Talleyrand�察�and at the revolution of 1789 

thoughtful Frenchmen asked�察�once and for all�察�what was to be done with a 

Church of which these were the hierophants�拭�

     Whether these complaints affected the French Church as a ;religious; 

institution�察�must depend entirely on the meaning which is attached to the 

word ;religion;�此       �that they affected her on scientific�察�rational�察�and moral 

grounds�察�independent of any merely political one�察�is as patent as that the 

attack     based    on   them    was    one´sided�察    �virulent�察  �and    often   somewhat 

hypocritical�察  �considering   the   private   morals   of   many   of   the   assailants。 

We knowor ought to knowthat within that religion which seemed to the 



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philosophes ��so distorted and defaced had it become�� a nightmare dream�察�

crushing      the   life  out  of   mankind�察    �there   lie  elements     divine�察   �eternal�察�

necessary for man in this life and the life to come。                But we are bound to 

askHad they a fair chance of knowing what we know�拭                      �Have we proof 

that their hatred was against all religion�察�or only against that which they 

saw  around them�拭         �Have   we   proof   that   they  would have   equally  hated�察�

had   they   been   in   permanent   contact   with   them�察  �creeds   more   free   from 

certain   faults   which   seemed   to   them�察  �in   the   case   of   the   French   Church�察�

ineradicable   and   inexpiable�拭        �Till   then   we   must   have   charitywhich   is 

justiceeven for the philosophes of the eighteenth century。 

     This     view    of   the   case   had    been    surely    overlooked      by   M。    de 

Tocqueville�察�when he tried to explain by the fear of revolutions�察�the fact 

that both in America and in England�察 �while the boldest political doctrines 

of    the  eighteenth´century       philosophers      have    been   adopted�察    �their  anti´ 

religious doctrines have made no way。; 

     He confesses that�察 �Among the English�察�French irreligious philosophy 

had been preached�察�even before the greater part of the French philosophers 

were     born。    It  was   Bolingbroke       who    set  up  Voltaire。    Throughout      the 

eighteenth century infidelity had celebrated champions in England。                      Able 

writers   and   profound   thinkers   espoused   that   cause�察  �but   they   were   never 

able to render it triumphant as in France。;             Of these facts there can be no 

doubt�此    �but   the   cause   which   he   gives   for   the   failure   of   infidelity   will 

surely sound new and strange to those who know the English literature and 

history of that century。        It was�察�he says�察 �inasmuch as all those who had 

anything      to  fear  from    revolutions�察    �eagerly   came     to  the  rescue    of  the 

established      faith。;   Surely   there    was    no  talk   of  revolutions�察    �no  wish�察�

expressed or concealed�察�to overthrow either government or society�察�in the 

aristocratic clique to whom English infidelity was confined。                  Such was�察�at 

least�察  �the   opinion   of   Voltaire�察  �who   boasted   that   ;All   the   works   of   the 

modern   philosophers   together   would   never   make   as   much   noise   in   the 

world as was made in former days by the disputes of the Cordeliers about 

the   shape   of   their   sleeves   and   hoods。;    If   ��as   M。   de   Tocqueville   says�� 

Bolingbroke set up Voltaire�察�neither master nor pupil had any more leaning 

than Hobbes had toward a democracy which was not dreaded in those days 



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because it had never been heard of。               And if ��as M。 de Tocqueville heartily 

allows��  the   English   apologists   of   Christianity  triumphed�察  �at   least   for   the 

time being�察�the cause of their triumph must be sought in the plain fact that 

such   men   as   Berkeley�察  �Butler�察  �and   Paley�察  �each   according   to   his   light�察�

fought the battle fairly�察�on the common ground of reason and philosophy�察�

instead      of  on   that   of   tradition    and   authority�察    �and    that   the  forms     of 

Christianity   current   in   Englandwhether   Quaker�察  �Puritan�察  �or   Anglican 

offended�察  �less   than   that   current       in   France�察  �the   common´sense   and          the 

human instincts of the many�察�or of the sceptics themselves。�А�

     But     the   eighteenth      century    saw    another     movement�察       �all  the   more 

powerful�察�perhaps�察�because it was continually changing its shape�察�even its 

purpose�察  �and   gaining   fresh   life   and   fresh   adherents   with   every   change。 

Propagated   at   first   by   men   of   the   school   of   Locke�察  �it   became   at   last   a 

protest against the materialism of that school�察�on behalf of all that is�察�or 

calls    itself�察  �supernatural      and    mysterious。      Abjuring�察     �and    honestly�察   �all 

politics�察�it found itself sucked into the political whirlpool in spite of itself�察�

as   all   human   interests   which   have   any   life   in   them   must   be   at   last。    It 

became an active promoter of the Revolution�察�then it helped to destroy the 

Revolution�察�when that had�察�under Napoleon�察�become a levelling despotism�察�

then it helped�察�as actively�察�to keep revolutionary principles alive�察�after the 

reaction of 1815��a Protean institution�察�whose power we in England are as 

apt to undervalue as the governments of the Continent were apt�察�during the 

eighteenth century�察�to exaggerate it。              I mean�察�of course�察�Freemasonry�察�and 

the     secret    societies     which�察    �honestly      and    honourably       disowned       by 

Freemasonry�察 �yet   have   either   copied it�察�or   actually  sprung out of   it。               In 

England�察      �Freemasonry        never    was�察   �it  seems�察   �more     than   a   liberal   and 

respectable   benefit´club�察  �for   secret   societies   are   needless   for   any   further 

purposes�察 �amid   free institutions   and   a   free press。           But   on   the   Continent 

during   the   eighteenth   century�察  �Freemasonry   excited   profound   suspicion 

and   fear   on   the   part   of   statesmen   who   knew   perfectly  well   their   friends 

from   their   foes�察  �and   whose   precautions   were�察  �from   their   point   of   view�察�

justified by the results。 

     I shall not enter into the deep question of the origin of Freemasonry。 

One   uninitiate�察  �as   I   am�察  �has   no   right   to   give   an   opinion   on   the   great 



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questions of the mediaeval lodge of Kilwinning and its Scotch degrees�察�on 

the   seven   Templars�察  �who�察  �after   poor   Jacques   Molay   was   burnt   at   Paris�察�

took refuge on the Isle of Mull�察�in Scotland�察�found there another Templar 

and brother Mason�察�ominously named Harris�察�took to the trowel in earnest�察�

and revived the Order��on the Masons who built Magdeburg Cathedral in 

876�察�on the English Masons assembled in Pagan times by ;St。 Albone�察�that 

worthy   knight�察─  �on   the   revival   of   English   Masonry   by   Edwin�察  �son   of 

Athelstan�察�on Magnus Grecus�察�who had been at the building of Solomon's 

Temple�察�and taught Masonry to Charles Martel�察�on the pillars Jachin and 

Boaz�察�on the masonry of Hiram of Tyre�察�and indeed of Adam himself�察�of 

whose first fig´leaf the masonic apron may be a typeon all these matters 

I dare no more decide than on the making of the Trojan Horse�察�the birth of 

Romulus and Remus

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議