part15-第2章

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contrary；　asserted；　that　with　its　existing　vices；　it　was　the　most

perfect　model　of　government　that　could　be　formed；　and　that　the

correction　of　its　vices　would　render　it　an　impracticable　government。

And　this　you　may　be　assured　was　the　real　line　of　difference　between

the　political　principles　of　these　two　gentlemen。　　Another　incident

took　place　on　the　same　occasion；　which　will　further　delineate　Mr。

Hamilton's　political　principles。　　The　room　being　hung　around　with　a

collection　of　the　portraits　of　remarkable　men；　among　them　were　those

of　Bacon；　Newton　and　Locke；　Hamilton　asked　me　who　they　were。　　I　told

him　they　were　my　trinity　of　the　three　greatest　men　the　world　had　ever

produced；　naming　them。　　He　paused　for　some　time：　〃the　greatest　man；〃

said　he；　〃that　ever　lived；　was　Julius　Caesar。〃　　Mr。　Adams　was　honest

as　a　politician；　as　well　as　a　man；　Hamilton　honest　as　a　man；　but；　as

a　politician；　believing　in　the　necessity　of　either　force　or

corruption　to　govern　men。




　　　　　　　　You　remember　the　machinery　which　the　federalists　played　off；

about　that　time；　to　beat　down　the　friends　to　the　real　principles　of

our　constitution；　to　silence　by　terror　every　expression　in　their

favor；　to　bring　us　into　war　with　France　and　alliance　with　England；

and　finally　to　homologize　our　constitution　with　that　of　England。　　Mr。

Adams；　you　know；　was　overwhelmed　with　feverish　addresses；　dictated　by

the　fear；　and　often　by　the　pen；　of　the　_bloody　buoy_；　and　was　seduced

by　them　into　some　open　indications　of　his　new　principles　of

government；　and　in　fact；　was　so　elated　as　to　mix　with　his　kindness　a

little　superciliousness　towards　me。　　Even　Mrs。　Adams；　with　all　her

good　sense　and　prudence；　was　sensibly　flushed。　　And　you　recollect　the

short　suspension　of　our　intercourse；　and　the　circumstance　which　gave

rise　to　it；　which　you　were　so　good　as　to　bring　to　an　early

explanation；　and　have　set　to　rights；　to　the　cordial　satisfaction　of

us　all。　　The　nation　at　length　passed　condemnation　on　the　political

principles　of　the　federalists；　by　refusing　to　continue　Mr。　Adams　in

the　Presidency。　　On　the　day　on　which　we　learned　in　Philadelphia　the

vote　of　the　city　of　New　York；　which　it　was　well　known　would　decide

the　vote　of　the　State；　and　that；　again；　the　vote　of　the　Union；　I

called　on　Mr。　Adams　on　some　official　business。　　He　was　very　sensibly

affected；　and　accosted　me　with　these　words：　〃Well；　I　understand　that

you　are　to　beat　me　in　this　contest；　and　I　will　only　say　that　I　will

be　as　faithful　a　subject　as　any　you　will　have。〃　〃Mr。　Adams；〃　said　I；

〃this　is　no　personal　contest　between　you　and　me。　　Two　systems　of

principles　on　the　subject　of　government　divide　our　fellow　citizens

into　two　parties。　　With　one　of　these　you　concur；　and　I　with　the

other。　　As　we　have　been　longer　on　the　public　stage　than　most　of　those

now　living；　our　names　happen　to　be　more　generally　known。　　One　of

these　parties；　therefore；　has　put　your　name　at　its　head；　the　other

mine。　　Were　we　both　to　die　to…day；　to…morrow　two　other　names　would　be

in　the　place　of　ours；　without　any　change　in　the　motion　of　the

machinery。　　Its　motion　is　from　its　principle；　not　from　you　or

myself。〃　〃I　believe　you　are　right；〃　said　he；　〃that　we　are　but　passive

instruments；　and　should　not　suffer　this　matter　to　affect　our　personal

dispositions。〃　But　he　did　not　long　retain　this　just　view　of　the

subject。　　I　have　always　believed　that　the　thousand　calumnies　which

the　federalists；　in　bitterness　of　heart；　and　mortification　at　their

ejection；　daily　invented　against　me；　were　carried　to　him　by　their

busy　intriguers；　and　made　some　impression。　　When　the　election　between

Burr　and　myself　was　kept　in　suspense　by　the　federalists；　and　they

were　mediating　to　place　the　President　of　the　Senate　at　the　head　of

the　government；　I　called　on　Mr。　Adams　with　a　view　to　have　this

desperate　measure　prevented　by　his　negative。　　He　grew　warm　in　an

instant；　and　said　with　a　vehemence　he　had　not　used　towards　me　before；

〃Sir；　the　event　of　the　election　is　within　your　own　power。　　You　have

only　to　say　you　will　do　justice　to　the　public　creditors；　maintain　the

navy；　and　not　disturb　those　holding　offices；　and　the　government　will

instantly　be　put　into　your　hands。　　We　know　it　is　the　wish　of　the

people　it　should　be　so。〃　〃Mr。　Adams；〃　said　I；　〃I　know　not　what　part

of　my　conduct；　in　either　public　or　private　life；　can　have　authorized

a　doubt　of　my　fidelity　to　the　public　engagements。　　I　say；　however；　I

will　not　come　into　the　government　by　capitulation。　　I　will　not　enter

on　it；　but　in　perfect　freedom　to　follow　the　dictates　of　my　own

judgment。〃　I　had　before　given　the　same　answer　to　the　same　intimation

from　Gouverneur　Morris。　　〃Then；〃　said　he；　〃things　must　take　their

course。〃　I　turned　the　conversation　to　something　else；　and　soon　took

my　leave。　　It　was　the　first　time　in　our　lives　we　had　ever　parted　with

anything　like　dissatisfaction。　　And　then　followed　those　scenes　of

midnight　appointment；　which　have　been　condemned　by　all　men。　　The　last

day　of　his　political　power；　the　last　hours；　and　even　beyond　the

midnight；　were　employed　in　filling　all　offices；　and　especially

permanent　ones；　with　the　bitterest　federalists；　and　providing　for　me

the　alternative；　either　to　execute　the　government　by　my　enemies；

whose　study　it　would　be　to　thwart　and　defeat　all　my　measures；　or　to

incur　the　odium　of　such　numerous　removals　from　office；　as　might　bear

me　down。　　A　little　time　and　reflection　effaced　in　my　mind　this

temporary　dissatisfaction　with　Mr。　Adams；　and　restored　me　to　that

just　estimate　of　his　virtues　and　passions；　which　a　long　acquaintance

had　enabled　me　to　fix。　　And　my　first　wish　became　that　of　making　his

retirement　easy　by　any　means　in　my　power；　for　it　was　understood　he

was　not　rich。　　I　suggested　to　some　republican　members　of　the

delegation　from　his　State；　the　giving　him；　either　directly　or

indirectly；　an　office；　the　most　lucrative　in　that　State；　and　then

offered　to　be　resigned；　if　they　thought　he　would　not　deem　it

affrontive。　　They　were　of　opinion　he　would　take　great　offence　at　the

offer；　and　moreover；　that　the　body　of　republicans　would　consider　such

a　step　in　the　outset　as　arguing　very　ill　of　the　course　I　meant　to

pursue。　　I　dropped　the　idea；　therefore；　but　did　not　cease　to　wish　for

some　opportunity　of　renewing　our　friendly　understanding。




　　　　　　　　Two　or　three　years　after；　having　had　the　misfortune　to　lose　a

daughter；　between　whom　and　Mrs。　Adams　there　had　been　a　considerable

attachment；　she　made　it　the　occasion　of　writing　me　a　letter；　in

which；　with　the　tenderest　expressions　of　concern　at　this　event；　she

carefully　avoided　a　single　one　of　friendship　towards　myself；　and　even

concluded　it　with　the　wishes　〃of　her　who　_once_　took　pleasure　in

subscribing　herself　your　friend；　Abigail　Adams。〃　Unpromising　as　was

the　complexion　of　this　letter；　I　determined　to　make　an　effort　towards

removing　the　cloud　from　between　us。　　This　brought　on　a　correspondence

which　I　now　enclose　for　your　perusal；　after　which　be　so　good　as　to

return　it　to　me；　as　I　have　never　communicated　it　to　any　mortal

breathing；　before。　　I　send　it　to　you；　to　convince　you　I　have　not　been

wanting　either　in　the　desire；　or　the　endeavor　to　remove　this

misunderstanding。　　Indeed；　I　thoughtit　highly　disgraceful　to　us　both；

as　indicating　minds　notsufficiently　elevated　to　prevent　a　public

competition　fromaffecting　our　personal　friendship。　　I　soon　found　from

thecorrespondence　that　conciliation　was　desperate；　and　yielding　to　an

intimation　in　her　last　letter；　I　ceased　from　further　explanation。　　I

have　the　same　good　opinion　of　Mr。　Adams　which　I　ever　had。　　I　know　him

to　be　an　honest　man；　an　able　one　with　his　pen；　and　he　was　a　powerful

advocate　on　the　floor　of　Congress。　　He　has　been　alienated　from　me；　by

belief　in　the　lying　suggestions　contrived　for　electioneering

purposes；　that　I　perhaps　mixed　in　the　activity　and　intrigues　of　the

occasion。　　My　most　intimate　friends　can　testify　that　I　was　perfectly

passive。　　They　would　sometimes；　indeed；　tell　me　what　was　going　on；

but　no　man　ever　heard　me　take　part　in　such　conversations；　and　none

ever　misrepresented　Mr。　Adams　in　my　presence；　without　my　asserting

his　just　character。　　With　very　confidential　persons　I　have　doubtless

disapproved　of　the　principles　and　practices　of　his　administration。

This　was　unavoidable。　　But　never　with　those　with　whom　it　could　do　him

any　injury。　　Decency　would　have　required　this　conduct　from　me；　if

disposition　had　not；　and　I　am　satisfied　Mr。　　Adams'　conduct　was

equally　honorable　towards　me。　　But　I　think　it　part　of　his　character

to　suspect　foul　play　in　those　of　whom　he　is　jealous；　and　not　easily

to　relinquish　his　suspicions。




　　　　　　　　I　have　gone；　my　dear　friend；　into　these　details；　that　you　might

know　everything　which　had　passed　between　us；　might　be　fully　possessed

of　the　state　of　facts　and　dispositions；　and　judge　for　yourself

whether　they　admit　a　revival　of　that　friendly　intercourse　for　which

you　are　so　kindly　solicitous。　　I　shall　certainly　not　be　wanting　in

anything　on　my　part　which　may　second　your　efforts；　which　will　be　the

easier　with　me；　inasmuch　as　I　do　not　entertain　a　sentiment　of　Mr。

Adams；　the　expression　of　which　could　give　him　reasonable　offence。

And　I　submit　the　whole　to　yourself；　with　the　assurance；　that　whatever

be　the　issue；　my　friendship　and　respect　for　yourself　will　remain

unaltered　and　unalterable。







　　　　　　　　〃THE　SEEDS　OF　CIVILIZATION〃




　　　　　　　　_To　John　Lynch_

　　　　　　　　_Monticello；　January　21；　1811_




　　　　　　　　SIR；　　You　have　asked　my　opinion　on　the　proposition　of　Mrs。

Mifflin；　to　take　measures　for　procuring；　on　the　coast　of　Africa；　an

establishment　to　which　the　people　of　color　of　these　States　might；

from　time　to　time；　be　colonized；　under　the　auspices　of　different

governments。　　Having　long　ago　made　up　my　mind　on　this　subject；　I　have

no　hesitation　in　saying　that　I　have　ever　thought　it　the　most

desirable　measure　which　could　be　adopted；　for　gradually　drawing　off

this　part　of　our　population；　most　advantageously　for　themselves　as

well　as　for　us。　　Going　from　a　country　possessing　all　the　useful　arts；

they　might　be　the　means　of　transplanting　them　among　the　inhabitants

of　Africa；　and　would　thus　carry　back　to　the　country　of　their　origin；

the　seeds　of　civilization　which　might　render　their　sojournment　and

sufferings　here　a　blessing　in　the　end　to　that　country。




　　　　　　　　I　received；　in　the　first　year　of　my　coming　into　the

administration　of　the　General　Government；　a　letter　from　the　Governor

of　Virginia；　（Colonel　Monroe；）　consulting　me；　at　the　request　of　the

Legislature　of　the　State；　on　the　means　of　procuring　some　such　asylum；

to　which　these　people　might　be　occasionally　sent。　　I　proposed　to　him

the　establishment　of　Sierra　Leone；　to　which　a　private　company　in

England　had　already　colonized　a　number　of　negroes；　and　particularly

the　fugitives　from　these　States　during　the　Revolutionary　War；　and　at

the　same　time　suggested；　if　this　could　not　b