the army of the cumberland-第4章

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sustain　life。　　Crittenden　finally　took　position　at　Chestnut　Mound；　within　reach　of　relief　from　Nashville。

In　the　Life　of　Albert　Sidney　Johnston；　speaking　of　Crittenden's　retreat；　the　author　says：　　〃During　his　retreat　his　army　became　much　demoralized；　and　two　regiments；　whose　homes　were　in　that　neighborhood；　almost　entirely　abandoned　their　organization　and　went　every　man　to　his　own　house。　　A　multitude　deserted；　and　the　tide　of　fugitives　filled　the　country　with　dismay。〃

The　battle　fought　at　Logan's　Cross　Roads；　called　by　the　rebels　the　Battle　of　Fishing　Creek；　and　by　the　Federals　the　Battle　of　Mill　Springs；　was　most　disastrous　to　the　enemy；　and　inflicted　the　most　severe　blow　they　had　up　to　that　time　experienced。　　The　victory　for　the　Federal　forces　was　the　first　complete　success　of　the　war；　and　was　hailed　everywhere　with　joy　and　hope。　　An　order　was　issued　by　the　President　congratulating　the　troops　on　their　success；　and　the　general　in　command　conveyed　his　thanks　to　General　Thomas　and　troops　for　their　brilliant　victory。

Thomas's　command　lost　in　the　engagement　39　killed；　and　207　wounded。　He　reported　the　rebel　loss　at　122　killed；　and　the　total　loss　at　349。　　The　large　proportion　of　killed　to　the　wounded　indicates　heavy　fighting　at　close　quarters；　and　also　a　superiority　of　either　the　arms　of　the　Federal　troops　or　their　firing。

The　body　of　General　Zollicoffer　was　treated　with　great　respect。　General　Thomas　had　it　embalmed　and　carried　around　by　Lebanon。　　It　was　then　sent　to　General　Buell　through　his　lines　under　a　flag　of　truce。　　Zollicoffer's　death　was　a　very　depressing　event　to　the　Tennesseeans。　　He　was　their　most　popular　leader；　and　his　death　was　felt　by　the　people　of　Tennessee　as　a　personal　bereavement。

Crittenden's　attack　and　defeat　were　a　great　surprise　to　Johnston。　This　force　had　been　ordered　to　Mill　Springs　to　maintain　that　point　of　the　general　military　line　as　a　corps　of　observation　merely。　　With　the　attack　and　defeat　Johnston　found　his　line　broken；　his　position　at　Bowling　Green　liable　to　be　turned　on　that　flank；　and　an　army　on　which　he　counted　demolished。　　This　with　his　losses　on　his　left　in　Western　Kentucky　and　at　Fort　Henry　compelled　his　main　command　at　Bowling　Green　to　abandon　that　place；　and　retire　into　Tennessee。　Thomas；　after　the　battle　of　Mill　Springs；　concentrated　his　command　at　Somerset；　awaiting　orders。　　He　was　ordered　to　Mumfordsville；　February　15th；　to　take　part　in　the　general　advance　against　Bowling　Green。　　These　orders　were　countermanded　by　reason　of　the　evacuation　of　that　place；　on　the　14th；　and　on　the　22d；　Thomas　was　ordered　with　his　division　to　proceed　by　forced　marches　to　Louisville；　and　there　embark　for　Nashville。　　The　command　arrived　at　Nashville　on　the　2d；　3d；　and　4th　days　of　March。





Chapter　III。




Concentration　at　Nashville


Don　Carlos　Buell；　who　was　placed　in　command　of　the　Department　of　the　Ohio　on　Sherman's　request　to　be　relieved；　had　been　serving　from　the　early　summer　of　1861　as　Assistant　Adjutant…General　on　the　staff　of　Brigadier…General　E。　V。　Sumner；　U。S。A。；　in　command　of　the　Department　of　the　Pacific。　　He　had　been　promoted　to　the　rank　of　lieutenant…Colonel　in　the　adjutant…general's　department；　May　11；　1861。　　His　appointment　as　brigadier…general　in　the　volunteer　force　was　made　May　17；　1861。　　General　Buell　was　a　graduate　of　West　Point；　and　had　been　in　the　army　all　his　life。　　He　was　a　thoroughly　trained　soldier；　with　great　pride　in　his　profession；　a　man　of　great　integrity；　with　abilities　of　the　first　order；　animated　by　high　principle。　　His　long　training　in　the　adjutant…general's　department；　added　to　his　natural　faculty；　made　him　a　first…class　organizer　of　an　army。　　Under　his　direction　the　soldiers　of　the　Army　of　the　Ohio　received　their　training　in　the　drill　of　the　camp；　the　discipline　of　the　march；　and　learned　endurance　under　fire　in　the　skirmishes　and　engagements　during　his　command。　　For　all　the　soldierly　qualities　that　the　troops　of　the　later　organizationthe　Army　of　the　Cumberlandpossessed；　they　were　indebted　in　large　measure　to　their　first　commander　in　the　field；　General　Buell。　　He　was　constant　in　his　endeavors　for　the　care　of　the　troops；　and　insisted　on　their　camps　being　carefully　selected　and　well　drained。　　His　highest　aim　was　to　make　good　soldiers　of　his　command；　and　everything　that　detracted　from　this；　as　straggling；　pillaging；　disobedience　of　orders；　he　regarded　as　unworthy　of　a　soldier；　and　meriting　prompt　and　stern　punishment　at　his　hands。　　In　the　earlier　days　of　the　war；　with　the　lack　of　the　knowledge　that　the　stricter　obedience　to　orders　the　better　for　the　soldier；　General　Buell　seemed　at　times　harsh　and　severe。　　But　as　time　brought　hard　campaigns　and　heavy　fighting　to　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland；　the　older　soldiers　who　were　under　Buell　saw　that　he　was　actuated　solely　for　their　good　and　the　good　of　the　service　in　all　he　did。

The　organization　of　the　troops　into　brigades　and　divisions　first　engaged　Buell's　attention　on　assuming　command。　　On　December　2d；　an　order　was　issued　creating　this　organization　and　designating　it　the　〃Army　of　the　Ohio；〃　consisting　of　six　divisions。　　The　brigades　were　numbered　consecutively　throughout　the　army；　and　not　as　they　were　formed　in　the　divisions。　　General　G。　H。　Thomas　was　assigned　to　the　command　of　the　First　Division；　consisting　of　four　brigades。　The　entire　force　of　the　First　Division　was　at　Nashville　on　March　4th。

The　Second　Division　was　organized　at　Camp　Nevin；　a　camp　established　by　General　Rousseau；　when　left　by　Sherman　in　command　after　the　latter　assumed　the　command　of　the　department。　　General　Alexander　McD。　McCook；　who　had　relieved　Rousseau　October　14；　by　order　of　Sherman；　was　assigned　to　the　command　of　this　division；　which　consisted　also　of　four　brigades。

The　Third　Division　was　placed　under　the　command　of　General　O。　M。　Mitchel；　who　had　been　in　Cincinnati　in　command　at　the　〃Military　Department　of　Ohio；〃　and　who　was　relieved　November　19th；　after　two　months'　service　there；　superintending　the　forwarding　of　troops　to　the　armies　in　the　field。　　This　division　consisted　of　three　brigades。

General　William　Nelson；　on　reporting　at　Louisville　after　his　Eastern　Kentucky　campaign；　was　placed　in　command　of　the　Fourth　Division；　consisting　of　three　brigades。

The　Fifth　Division；　consisting　of　three　brigades；　was　placed　under　the　command　of　General　Thomas　L。　Crittenden；　a　son　of　John　J。　Crittenden。

In　January；　1862；　General　Buell　organized　the　Sixth　Division；　and　relieving　General　T。　J。　Wood　from　the　command　of　the　Fifth　Brigade；　assigned　him　as　commander　of　this　division；　which　consisted　of　three　brigades。

To　each　brigade　was　attached　a　battery　of　artillery。

In　this　organization　of　the　〃Army　of　the　Ohio；〃　as　the　new　regiments　from　the　North　reported；　additional　brigades　and　divisions　were　formed　from　time　to　time。　　Thus　organized；　the　army　under　Buell；　in　the　early　spring　entered　upon　its　first　campaign。　　There　had　been　some　slight　skirmishing　during　the　winter　with　portions　of　the　command。　A　detachment　of　the　Thirty…ninth　Indiana；　under　Lieutenant…Colonel　Jones；　met　a　body　of　the　rebel　cavalry　a　few　miles　beyond　Camp　Nevin；　and　routed　it　with　slight　loss　to　the　enemy。

On　December　10th；　General　R。　W。　Johnson　moved　onward　his　brigade；　and　occupied　Mumfordsville；　sending　a　detachment　of　the　Thirty…second　Indiana　to　Green　River；　where　a　temporary　bridge　was　constructed。　On　the　17th；　four　companies　of　this　regiment；　under　Lieutenant…Colonel　Von　Trebra；　crossed　and　took　position　at　Rowlett's　Station。　　General　A。　S。　Johnston　had　sent　Hindman　with　his　brigade　from　Bowling　Green；　with　instructions　to　destroy　the　railroad　as　far　north　as　Green　River。　　On　the　same　day　that　the　Thirty…second　Indiana　crossed　the　river；　Hindman　reached　Woodsonville。　　On　the　approach　of　Hindman；　Von　Trebra　threw　out　two　companies　as　skirmishers。　　The　enemy　fell　back　with　the　purpose　of　decoying　the　Federals　to　the　point　where　his　main　command　of　infantry　and　artillery　was　posted。　　The　cavalrya　squadron　of　the　〃Texas　Rangers〃　under　Colonel　Terrymade　a　spirited　attack。　　The　skirmishers　rallied　by　fours　to　receive　this　charge。　After　repeated　charges　from　the　cavalry；　which　were　resisted　by　the　Thirty…secondin　one　of　which　Colonel　Terry　was　killedColonel　Willich　re…enforced　Von　Trebra　with　four　additional　companies。　　After　maintaining　their　position　under　fire　for　an　hour　and　a　half；　the　Indiana　troops　repulsed　the　enemy　in　every　charge；　and　Hindman's　force　then　withdrew。　　Colonel　Willich　had　in　the　engagement　only　the　eight　companies　of　his　command；　with　Cotter's　battery。　　The　enemy　attacked　with　a　force　of　1；100　infantry；　250　cavalry；　and　4　pieces　of　artillery。　　The　Thirty…second　Indiana　lost　8　men　killed　and　ten　wounded。　　After　the　fall　of　Bowling　Green；　the　Second　Division　reached　Nashville　on　March　3d。

The　Third　Division　in　February　was　ordered　to　make　a　demonstration；　moving　by　forced　marches　against　the　enemy's　position　at　Bowling　Green；　to　prevent　troops　being　sent　from　there　to　reinforce　Fort　Donelson。　　The　rebels　had　commenced　their　retreat　from　this　place　to　Nashville　prior　to　the　arrival　of　Mitchel's　command；　but　the　shells　thrown　by　his　artillery　on　the　14th　into　the　city　hastened　the　movements　of　the　rear　guard　of　Johnston's　army。　　Before　their　retreat；　the　enemy　burned　both　bridges　over　Barren　River；　and　set　fire　to　a　large　quantity　of　military　stores；　railroad　cars；　and　other　property。　　Turchin's　brigade；　capturing　a　small　ferryboat；　crossed　over　the　river；　swollen　above　the　high…water　mark　by　the　heavy　rains；　entered　the　city　at　five　o'clock　the　next　morning；　and　succeeded　in　extinguishing　the　fire　and　saving　a　portion　of　the　railroad　cars。　　During　the　succeeding　week　Mitchel　crossed　the　greater　part　of　his　command　over　the　river；　and　without　his　wagons；　reached　Edgefield　opposite　Nashville　on　the　evening　of　the　14th；　at　the　same　time　that　General　Buell　arrived　by　rail；　the　latter　using　some　of　the　cars　captured　at　Bowling　Green。　　At　Edgefield　Mitchel　found　both　of　the　bridges　into　Nashville　destroyed；　and　his　crossing　was　effected　on　the　steamers　that　brought　Nelson's　division　to　that　place。

The　Fourth　Division　was　ordered　in　February　to　reinforce　the　Federal　troops　at　Fort　Donelson。　　Nelson；　with　two　brigades；　moved　from　Camp　Wickliffe　to　the　Ohio　River　on　February　13th；　and　there　took　steamer　for　the　Cumberland　River。　　On　his　arrival　at　Fort　Donelson；　he　found　it　in　possession　of　the　Federal　troops；　and　he　then　proceeded　by　the　boats　with　his　command　to　Nashville；　arriving　there　on　the　25th。　　Nelson's　Third　Brigade　reported　a　few　days　later；　having　marched　direct　from　Bowling　Green。

General　Thomas　L。　Crittenden's　command；　organizing　at　Owensboro；　had　a　skirmish　with　a　force　of　500　rebels　at　Woodland。　　Colonel　Burbridge　was　sent　with　some　three　hundred　troops　of　his　own　command　and　a　small　force　from　Colonel　McHenry's　regiment。　　Attacking　the　enemy；　they　routed　him；　inflicting　a　loss　of　some　fifty　killed；　wounded；　and　prisoners。　　On　the　24th；　the　rebel　General　Breckenridge　made　a　demonstration　with　4；000　men　at　Rochester；　occupying　Greenville　with　his　cavalry；　Crittenden　made　such　disposition　of　his　troops　that　the　enemy；　without　risking　an　attack；　returned　to　Bowling　Green。　　Early　in　February　General　Buell　ordered　Crittenden　to　send　Colonel