cyropaedia-第41章

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victories　together。　What　they　have　shared　with　one　another　has　been
defeat；　and　those　who　have　not　fought　as　yet　feel　they　have　traitors
to　right　and　left　of　them；　while　our　recruits　know　that　they　enter
battle　in　company　with　men　who　help　their　allies。　＇15＇　Those　who　trust
each　other　will　stand　firm　and　fight　without　flinching；　but　when
confidence　has　gone　no　man　thinks　of　anything　but　flight。　＇16＇　Forward
then；　gentlemen；　against　the　foe；　drive　our　scythed　chariots　against
their　defenceless　cars；　let　our　armed　cavalry　charge　their　unprotected
horse；　and　charge　them　home。　＇17＇　The　mass　of　their　infantry　you　have
met　before；　and　as　for　the　Egyptians；　they　are　armed　in　much　the　same
way　as　they　are　marshalled；　they　carry　shields　too　big　to　let　them
stir　or　see；　they　are　drawn　up　a　hundred　deep；　which　will　prevent　all
but　the　merest　handful　fighting。　＇18＇　If　they　count　on　forcing　us　back
by　their　weigh；　they　must　first　withstand　our　steel　and　the　charge　of
our　cavalry。　And　if　any　of　them　do　hold　firm；　how　can　they　fight　at
once　against　cavalry；　infantry；　and　turrets　of　artillery？　For　our　men
on　the　towers　will　be　there　to　help　us；　they　will　smite　the　enemy
until　he　flies　instead　of　fighting。　＇19＇　If　you　think　there　is
anything　wanting；　tell　me　now；　God　helping　us；　we　will　lack　nothing。
And　if　any　man　wishes　to　say　anything；　let　him　speak　now；　if　not；　go
to　the　altar　and　there　pray　to　the　gods　to　whom　we　have　sacrificed；
and　then　fall　in。　＇20＇　Let　each　man　say　to　his　own　men　what　I　have
said　to　him；　let　him　show　the　men　he　rules　that　he　is　fit　to　rule；　let
them　see　the　fearlessness　in　his　face；　his　bearing；　and　his　words。〃


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTES

C1。9。　Artabazus　〃the　kinsman〃　named　now　for　the　first　time；　why？

C1。11。　Cf。　Anglicè　〃his　word〃：　a　delicate　appeal　to　a　man　of　honour。
It　suits　G。's　character。

C1。14…15。　Speech　full　of　metaphor：　winter　stalking　on；　with　hunter　and
frost　attendant　on　either　side；　a　stealthy；　but　august　advance。

C1。16。　A　happy　simile：　/vide/　Book　of　Wisdom　＇c。　5；　10；　〃And　as　a　ship
that　passeth　over　the　waves　of　the　water；〃　etc。＇。

C1。38。　How　a　fault　may　be　turned　to　account：　Hellenic　stool　of
repentance。

C1。41。　Theory　of　two　souls；　to　account　for　the　yielding　to　base
desires。　It　works；　but　is　it　not　the　theory　of　a　man　whose　will　is
weak；　as　we　say；　or　whose　sympathetic　nature　has　been　developed　at　the
expense　of　his　self…regulative？　There　is　another　way　of　putting　it　in
/Memorabilia/；　Bk。　I。　c。　ii。；　§§　19…28。　Xenophon　is　not　more　a
philosopher　than　a　〃philanthropist。〃　He　is　full　of　compassion　for
human　weaknesses。

C1。44。　Exit　Araspas；　to　be　baptised　under　this　cloud　of　ignominy　into
the　sunshine　of　recognised　joyous　serviceableness。

C1。45。　We　grow　fonder　than　ever　of　Pantheia。

C1。50。　Irony：　the　chariots　that　are　to　cost　Abradatas　his　life
hereafter。　Is　this　tale　〃historic〃　at　all？　I　mean；　did　Xenophon　find
or　hear　any　such　story　current？　What　is　the　relation；　if　any；　to　it　of
Xenophon　Ephesius；　Antheia；　and　Abrocomas？　＇/Xenophon　Ephesius/；　a
late　writer　of　romances。＇　Had　that　writer　any　echo　of　the　names　in　his
head？　What　language　are　〃Pantheia〃　and　〃Abradatas〃？

C1。52。　All　very　well；　but　the　author　hasn't　told　us　anything　about　the
construction　of　these　｛mekhanai｝；　these　battering　engines；　before；　to
prepare　us　for　this。　Is　that　a　slip；　or　how　explainable？　I　think　he　is
betrayed　into　the　description　by　reason　of　his　interest　in　such
strategic　matters。　The　expression　is　intelligible　enough　to　any　one
who　knows　about　engines；　just　as　we　might　speak　of　the　butt　or　the
stanchion；　or　whatever　it　be。

C2。1…3。　The　Medians　bring　back　the　bread　that　was　cast　upon　the
waters。　Cyrus　turns　this　gain　to　new　account。　He　sacrifices　the
present　natural　gain；　i。e。　the　wealth；　to　the　harder　spiritual　gain；
viz。；　their　positive　as　opposed　to　their　merely　negative　alliance。
Cyrus　/is/　the　archic　man。

C2。4。　I　have　a　sort　of　idea；　or　feeling　that　here　the　writer　takes　up
his　pen　afresh　after　a　certain　interval。　C4…6　are　a　reduplication；　not
unnatural　indeed；　but　/pro　tanto/　tautological。

C2。7。　Semi…historical　basis。　Prototype；　when　Agesilaus　meditated　the
advance　on　Persia；　just　before　his　recall。　＇See　/Hellenica/；　III。　iv。；
Works　II。　p。　29。＇

C2。13　foll。　The　archic　man　can　by　a　word　of　his　mouth　still　the
flutter　and　incipient　heave　of　terror…stricken　hearts。

C2。15…18。　A　review　of　the　improvements　amounting　to　a　complete
revolution　in　arms　and　attack　effected　by　Cyrus。　This　is　imagined　as
an　ideal　accompaniment　to　the　archic　man　and　conqueror。　Xenophon
nowadays　on　the　relative　advantages　of　the　bayonet　and　the　sword；
cavalry　and　infantry；　etc。；　would　have　been　very　interesting。　Cf。　a
writer　like　Forbes。

＇C2。19。　〃Syrians。〃　The　word　is　used　loosely；　including　the　Assyrians
and　their　kindred。　See　below　C。22。　〃Syria〃　=　Assyria　and　the　adjacent
country。＇

C2。21；　fin。　Xenophon　has　more　than　once　witnessed　this　clouding　of　the
brow；　the　scowl　or　sulk　of　the　less　stalwart　moral…fibred　men　（notably
in　/Hellenica/）。

C2。26　ff。　How　to　give　up　wine：　the　art　in　it。　Now　listen；　all　you
blue…ribbonists！　Xenophon；　Hygienist。

C2。37。　One　would　like　to　know　how　the　price　was　regulated。　Does　any
learned　German　know？　Note　the　orderliness　and　economy　of　it　all。　Is
it；　as　far　as　the　army　goes；　novel　in　any　respect；　do　you　suppose；　or
only　idealised　Hellenic？　Spartan？

C3。14。　A　slight　（intentional？）　aposiopesis。　Did　H。　have　to　drive　back
the　great　cavalry　division　of　the　enemy？

C3。17。　How　quickly　the　archic　man　passes　on！　Cf。　J。　P。

C3。19。　Notice　the　part　given　to　the　Egyptians　to　play。　Why？　（Agesilaus
died　on　his　last　campaign　in　Egypt。）

C3。25。　Is　it　dramatic　to　make　Cyrus　speak　in　this　way　as　if　he　were
lecturing　a　class　on　strategics？

C3。30。　The　advantage　even　of　sutlers　and　women。　This　several…times…
repeated　remark　surprises　me。　But　no　doubt　the　arrangement　would　give
the　enemy　pause；　and　waste　his　time　in　out…flanking　movements：　violà

tout；　hgd。　At　Cunaxa；　however；　the　Persian　did　get　behind　the　Greek
camp。　No　prototype　there；　then。　＇Xenophon；　/Anabasis/；　Bk。　I。　c。　10。＇

C4。2。　We　are　more　and　more　enamoured　of　Pantheia。

C4。7。　As　delicate　as　any　modern　in　the　respect　for　wedded　womanhood。

C4。13　ff。　Notice　how　in　this　stirring　and　inspiriting　speech　Cyrus　by
dealing　with　the　Egyptians　（the　only　unknown　quantity）　strikes　a　new
note　and　sets　up　a　new　motive；　as　it　were；　preparing　us　for　the　tragic
struggle　which　is　to　come；　which　will　cost　Abradatas　and　other　good
men　dear；　not　to　speak　of　the　brave　Egyptians　themselves　（cf。　Sudanese
Arabs）。　Also　note　Xenophon's　enthusiasm　in　reference　to　the　new　arming
and　the　odds　of　encounter　between　cavalry　and　infantry　（cf。　Napier；
Forbes；　etc。）。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BOOK　VII

＇C。1＇　So　they　prayed　to　the　gods　and　went　to　their　place；　and　the
squires　brought　food　and　drink　to　Cyrus　and　his　staff　as　they　stood
round　the　sacrifice。　And　he　took　his　breakfast　where　he　stood；　after
making　the　due　offering；　sharing　what　he　had　with　all　who　needed　it；
and　he　poured　out　the　libation　and　prayed；　and　then　drank；　and　his　men
with　him。

Then　he　supplicated　Zeus；　the　god　of　his　fathers；　to　be　his　leader　and
helper　in　the　fight；　and　so　he　mounted　his　horse　and　bade　those　about
him　follow。　＇2＇　All　his　squires　were　equipped　as　he　was；　with　scarlet
tunics；　breastplates　of　bronze；　and　brazen　helmets　plumed　with　white；
short　swords；　and　a　lance　of　cornel…wood　apiece。　Their　horses　had
frontlets；　chest…plates；　and　armour　for　their　shoulders；　all　of
bronze；　and　the　shoulder…pieces　served　as　leg…guards　for　the　riders。
In　one　thing　only　the　arms　of　Cyrus　differed　from　the　rest：　theirs　was
covered　with　a　golden　varnish　and　his　flashed　like　a　mirror。　＇3＇　As　he
sat　on　his　steed；　gazing　into　the　distance；　where　he　meant　to　go；　a
peal　of　thunder　rang　out　on　the　right；　and　he　cried；　〃We　will　follow
thee；　O　Zeus　most　high！〃

So　he　set　forth　with　Chrysantas　on　his　right　at　the　head　of　cavalry
and　Arsamas　on　his　left　with　infantry。　＇4＇　And　the　word　went　down　the
lines；　〃Eyes　on　the　standard　and　steady　marching。〃

The　standard　was　a　golden　eagle；　with　outspread　wings；　borne　aloft　on
a　long　spear…shaft；　and　to　this　day　such　is　the　standard　of　the
Persian　king。

Before　they　came　in　full　sight　of　the　Assyrians　Cyrus　halted　the　army
thrice。　＇5＇　And　when　they　had　gone　about　two　miles　or　more；　they　began
to　see　the　enemy　advancing。　As　soon　as　both　armies　were　in　full　view
of　each　other；　and　the　Assyrians　could　see　how　much　they　outflanked
the　Persians　on　either　side；　Croesus　halted；　in　order　to　prepare　an
encircling　movement；　and　pushed　out　a　column　on　the　right　wing　and　the
left；　so　that　the　Persian　forces　might　be　attacked　on　every　side　at
once。

＇6＇　Cyrus　saw　it；　but　gave　no　sign　of　stopping；　he　led　straight　on　as
before。　Meanwhile　he　noticed　that　the　turning…point　where　the
Assyrians　had　pushed　out　on　either　flank　was　an　immense　distance　from
their　centre；　and　he　said　to　Chrysantas：

〃Do　you　see　where　they　have　fixed　their　angle？〃　〃Yes；　I　do；〃　answered
Chrysantas；　〃and　I　am　surprised　at　it：　it　seems　to　me　they　are　drawing
their　wings　too　far　away　from　their　centre。〃　〃Just　so；〃　said　Cyrus；
〃and　from　ours　too。〃　＇7＇　〃Why　are　they　doing　that？〃　asked　the　other。
〃Clearly；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃they　are　afraid　we　shall　attack；　if　their
wings　are　in　touch　with　us　while　their　centre　is　still　some　way　off。〃
〃But；〃　went　on　Chrysantas；　〃how　can　they　support　each　other　at　such　a
distance？〃　〃Doubtless；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃as　soon　as　their　wings　are
opposite　our　flanks；　they　will　wheel　round；　and　then　advance　at　once
on　every　side　and　so　set　us　fighting　everywhere　at　once。〃　＇8＇　〃Well；〃
said　Chrysantas；　〃do　you　think　the　movement　wise？〃　〃Yes；〃　said　Cyrus；
〃it　is　good　enough　in　view　of　what　they　can　see；　but；　in　view　of　what
they　cannot；　it　is　worse　for　them　than　if　they　had　advanced　in　a
single　column。　Do　you；〃　he　said；　turning　to　Arsamas；　〃advance　with
your　infantry；　slowly；　taking　your　pace　from　me；　and　do　you；
Chrysantas；　march　beside　him　with　your　cavalry；　step　for　step。　I　will
make　for　their　angle　myself；　where　I　propose　to　join　battle；　first
riding　round　the　army　to　see　how　things　are　with　all　our　men。　＇9＇　When
I　reach　the　point；　and　we　are　on　the　verge　of　action；　I　will　raise　the
paean　and　then　you　must　quicken　your　pace。　You　will　know　when　we　have
closed　with　the　enemy；　the　din　will　be　loud　enough。　At　the　same　moment
Abradatas　will　dash　out　upon　them：　such　will　be　his　orders；　your　duty
is　to　follow；　keeping　as　close　to　the　chariots　as　possible。　Thus　we
shall　fall　on　the　enemy　at　the　height　of　his　confusion。　And；　God
helping　me；　I　shall　be　with　you　also；　cutting　my　way　through　the　rout
by　the　quickest　road　I　can。

＇10＇　So　he　spoke；　and　sent　the　watchword　down　the　lines；　〃Zeus　our
saviour；　and　Zeus　our　leader；〃　and　went　forward。　As　he　passed　between
the　chariots　and　the　cuirassiers；　he　would　say　to　some；　〃My　men；　the
look　on　your　faces　rejoices　my　heart；〃　and　to　others；　〃You　understand；
gentlemen；　that　this　battle　is　not　for　the　victory　of　a　day；　but　for
all　that　we　have　won　ere　now；　and　for　all　our　happiness　to　come。〃　＇1