cyropaedia-第15章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


them　and　put　them　in　as　strong　a　state　as　possible。　Then；　as　soon　as
you　have　started　with　your　men；　and　marched；　let　us　say；　for　a　couple
of　days；　I　could　send　you　a　good　round　number　of　horse　and　foot　from
my　own　detachment。　And　when　you　have　them　at　your　back；　you　could
advance　at　once；　and　I　will　follow　with　the　rest　of　my　men　as　near　you
as　I　may；　close　enough　to　appear　in　time　of　need。〃

＇18＇　Accordingly；　Cyaxares　proceeded　to　muster　horse　and　foot　for　his
own　march；　and　sent　provision…waggons　forward　to　meet　him　on　the　road。
Meanwhile　Cyrus　offered　sacrifice　for　the　success　of　his　expedition
and　found　an　opportunity　to　ask　Cyaxares　for　a　troop　of　his　junior
cavalry。　But　Cyaxares　would　only　spare　a　few；　though　many　wished　to
go。　Soon　afterwards　he　started　for　the　outposts　himself　with　all　his
horse　and　foot；　and　then　Cyrus　found　the　omens　favourable　for　his
enterprise；　and　led　his　soldiers　out　as　though　he　meant　to　hunt。　＇19＇
He　was　scarcely　on　his　way　when　a　hare　started　up　at　their　feet；　and
an　eagle；　flying　on　the　right；　saw　the　creature　as　it　fled；　swooped
down　and　struck　it；　bore　it　aloft　in　its　talons　to　a　cliff　hard　by；
and　did　its　will　upon　it　there。　The　omen　pleased　Cyrus　well；　and　he
bowed　in　worship　to　Zeus　the　King；　and　said　to　his　company；　〃This
shall　be　a　right　noble　hunt；　my　friends；　if　God　so　will。〃

＇20＇　When　he　came　to　the　borders　he　began　the　hunt　in　his　usual　way；
the　mass　of　horse　and　foot　going　on　ahead　in　rows　like　reapers；
beating　out　the　game；　with　picked　men　posted　at　intervals　to　receive
the　animals　and　give　them　chase。　And　thus　they　took　great　numbers　of
boars　and　stags　and　antelopes　and　wild…asses：　even　to　this　day　wild…
asses　are　plentiful　in　those　parts。　＇21＇　But　when　the　chase　was　over；
Cyrus　had　touched　the　frontier　of　the　Armenian　land；　and　there　he　made
the　evening　meal。　The　next　day　he　hunted　till　he　reached　the　mountains
which　were　his　goal。　And　there　he　halted　again　and　made　the　evening
meal。　At　this　point　he　knew　that　the　army　from　Cyaxares　was　advancing；
and　he　sent　secretly　to　them　and　bade　them　keep　about　eight　miles　off；
and　take　their　evening　meal　where　they　were；　since　that　would　make　for
secrecy。　And　when　their　meal　was　over　he　told　them　to　send　their
officers　to　him；　and　after　supper　he　called　his　own　brigadiers
together　and　addressed　them　thus：

＇22＇　〃My　friends；　in　old　days　the　Armenian　was　a　faithful　ally　and
subject　of　Cyaxares；　but　now　when　he　sees　an　enemy　against　us；　he
assumes　contempt：　he　neither　sends　the　troops　nor　pays　the　tribute。　He
is　the　game　we　have　come　to　catch；　if　catch　we　can。　And　this；　I　think；
is　the　way。　You；　Chrysantas；〃　said　he；　〃will　sleep　for　a　few　hours；
and　then　take　half　the　Persians　with　you；　make　for　the　hill　country；
and　seize　the　heights　which　we　hear　are　his　places　of　refuge　when
alarmed。　I　will　give　you　guides。　＇23＇　The　hills；　they　tell　us；　are
covered　with　trees　and　scrub；　so　that　we　may　hope　you　will　escape
unseen：　still　you　might　send　a　handful　of　scouts　ahead　of　you；
disguised　as　a　band　of　robbers。　If　they　should　come　across　any
Armenians　they　can　either　make　them　prisoners　and　prevent　them　from
spreading　the　news；　or　at　least　scare　them　out　of　the　way；　so　that
they　will　not　realise　the　whole　of　your　force；　and　only　take　measures
against　a　pack　of　thieves。　＇24＇　That　is　your　task；　Chrysantas；　and　now
for　mine。　At　break　of　day　I　shall　take　half　the　foot　and　all　the
cavalry　and　march　along　the　level　straight　to　the　king's　residence。　If
he　resists；　we　must　fight；　if　he　retreats　along　the　plain　we　must　run
him　down；　if　he　makes　for　the　mountains；　why　then；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃it
will　be　your　business　to　see　that　none　of　your　visitors　escape。　＇25＇
Think　of　it　as　a　hunt：　we　down　below　are　the　beaters　rounding　up　the
game；　and　you　are　the　men　at　the　nets：　only　bear　in　mind　that　the
earths　must　all　be　stopped　before　the　game　is　up；　and　the　men　at　the
traps　must　be　hidden；　or　they　will　turn　back　the　flying　quarry。　＇26＇
One　last　word；　Chrysantas：　you　must　not　behave　now　as　I　have　known　you
do　in　your　passion　for　the　chase：　you　must　not　sit　up　the　whole　night
long　without　a　wink　of　sleep；　you　must　let　all　your　men　have　the
modicum　of　rest　that　they　cannot　do　without。　＇27＇　Nor　must　youjust
because　you　scour　the　hills　in　the　hunt　without　a　guide；　following　the
lead　of　the　quarry　and　that　alone；　checking　and　changing　course
wherever　it　leads　youyou　must　not　now　plunge　into　the　wildest　paths：
you　must　tell　your　guides　to　take　you　by　the　easiest　road　unless　it　is
much　the　longest。　＇28＇　In　war；　they　say；　the　easiest　way　is　the
quickest。　And　once　more；　because　you　can　race　up　a　mountain　yourself
you　are　not　to　lead　on　your　men　at　the　double；　suit　your　pace　to　the
strength　of　all。　＇29＇　Indeed；　it　were　no　bad　thing　if　some　of　your
best　and　bravest　were　to　fall　behind　here　and　there　and　cheer　the
laggards　on：　and　it　would　quicken　the　pace　of　all；　when　the　column　has
gone　ahead；　to　see　them　racing　back　to　their　places　past　the　marching
files。〃

＇30＇　Chrysantas　listened；　and　his　heart　beat　high　at　the　trust　reposed
in　him。　He　took　the　guides；　and　gave　the　necessary　orders　for　those
who　were　to　march　with　him；　and　then　he　lay　down　to　rest。　And　when　all
his　men　had　had　the　sleep　he　thought　sufficient　he　set　out　for　the
hills。　＇31＇　Day　dawned；　and　Cyrus　sent　a　messenger　to　the　Armenian
with　these　words：　〃Cyrus　bids　you　see　to　it　that　you　bring　your
tribute　and　troops　without　delay。〃　〃And　if　he　asks　you　where　Cyrus　is；
tell　the　truth　and　say　I　am　on　the　frontier。　And　if　he　asks　whether　I
am　advancing　myself；　tell　the　truth　again　and　say　that　you　do　not
know。　And　if　he　enquires　how　many　we　are；　bid　him　send　some　one　with
you　to　find　out。〃

＇32＇　Having　so　charged　the　messenger　he　sent　him　on　forthwith；　holding
this　to　be　more　courteous　than　to　attack　without　warning。　Then　he　drew
up　his　troops　himself　in　the　order　best　suited　for　marching；　and；　if
necessary；　for　fighting；　and　so　set　forth。　The　soldiers　had　orders
that　not　a　soul　was　to　be　wronged；　and　if　they　met　any　Armenians　they
were　to　bid　them　to　have　no　fear；　but　open　a　market　wherever　they
wished；　and　sell　meat　or　drink　as　they　chose。


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTES

C1。5。　Is　this　historical；　i。e。　/quasi/…historical？　Are　any　of　the
names　real　or　all　invented　to　give　verisimilitude？

C1。13。　Any　touch　of　the　sycophancy　of　the　future　in　it？　As　in　modern
Germany；　a　touch　of　that　involved　in　the　system　of　royalty。

C1。15。　The　raw　material　is　good；　but　not　worked　up。　Important　for　the
conception　of　Hellenic　democracy　（cf。　§　17）。　Daring；　courage；　virtue
there　is　no　monopoly　of　these　things。

C1。21。　（Cf。　below　VIII。　C2。5）　Worthy　of　Adam　Smith。　Xenophon　has　bump
of　economy　strongly　developed；　he　resembles　J。　P。＇*＇　in　that　respect。
The　economic　methodism；　the　mosaic　interbedding；　the　architectonic
structure　of　it　all；　a　part　and　parcel　of　Xenophon's　genius。　Was
Alexander's　army　a　highly…organised；　spiritually　and　materially
built…up；　vitalised　machine　of　this　sort？　What　light　does　Arrian；　that
younger　Xenophon；　throw　upon　it？

＇*　〃J。　P。〃　=　John　Percival；　Bishop　of　Hereford　（the　writer　of　the
Introduction　to　this　volume）；　at　the　time　the　notes　were　written
Headmaster　of　Clifton　College。F。M。S。＇

C1。25。　Camaraderie　encouraged　and　developed　through　a　sense　of
equality　and　fraternity；　the　life　/au　grand　jour/　in　common；　producing
a　common　consciousness　（cf。　Comte　and　J。　P。；　Epaminondas　and　the
Sacred　Band　at　Thebes）。

C2。　Contrast　of　subject　enlivening　the　stylelight　concrete　as　a　foil
to　the　last　drier　abstract　detail。　Humorous　also；　with　a　dramatising
and　development　of　the　characters；　Shakespeare…wiseHystaspas；　and
the　rest。　Agla？tadas；　a　type　of　educator　we　know　well　（cf。　Eccles。
〃Cocker　not　a　child〃）；　grim；　dry　person　with　no　sense　of　humour。
Xenophon's　own　humour　shines　out。

C2。12。　The　term　given　to　the　two　stories　｛eis　tagathon｝。　T。　E。　B。＇*＇
could　do　it；　or　Socrates；　without　dullness　or　seeming　to　preach。　There
is　a　crispness　in　the　voice　which　is　anti…pedantic。

＇*　〃T。　E。　B。〃　=　T。　E。　Brown；　the　Manx　poet；　at　that　time　a　colleague
of　Mr。　Dakyns　at　Clifton。F。M。S。＇

C2。19。　Cyrus　recognises　the　ideal　principle　of　co…operation　and
collective　ownership。　Xenophon；　Economist；　ahead　of　the　moderns。

C2。26。　Xenophon's　breadth　of　view：　virtue　is　not　confined　to　citizens；
but　we　have　the　pick　of　the　whole　world。　Cosmopolitan　Hellenism。

C3。4。　Xenophon's　theory　of　rule　（cf。　Ruskin）：　a　right；　inalienable；
God…bestowed；　of　the　virtuous；　subjection　an　inevitable　consequence　on
lack　of　self…discipline。

C3。5；　init。　Is　this　a　carelessness；　or　what？　Chrysantas　has　been
introduced　before；　but　here　he　is　described　as　if　stepping　on　the
stage　for　the　first　time。　The　sentence　itself　suggests　the　mould　for
the　New　Testament　narrative。

C3。7。　Pheraulas；　and　of　him　we　shall　hear　much。　A　sharp　contrast　to
Chrysantas；　the　Peer；　with　his　pointed　plebeian　similes。　His　speech
important　again　for　Xenophon's　sympathetic　knowledge　of　children　and
also　of　the　hard…working　poor。

C3。10。　How　true　to　nature　this。　Cannot　one　see　the　little　boy　doubling
his　little　fists；　a　knife　in　his　pocket；　possibly　a　ball　of　string？

C3。11。　Is　there　a　touch　of　flunkeyism　in　this？　Not　so；　it　is　the
clear…sighted　scientific　Greek；　that　is　all。

C3。14。　Very　Scotch　all　this。

C3。21…22。　/Locus　classicus/　for　regimental　marching　tactics。　Qy。：　Are
any　of　these　tactical　improvements　by　Xenophon　himself？

＇C3。21。　The　〃regiment〃　of　a　hundred　men　was　divided　into　four
〃companies〃　of　twenty…five；　to　each　of　these　one　company…captain　and
twenty…four　men；　viz。：　twenty　privates；　two　captains…of…ten；　and　two
captains…of…five；　the　two　captains　of　ten　having　also　especial　charge
over　the　two　remaining　squads　of　five。　A　condensed　diagram　may　make
the　little　man？uvre　clear。　An　X　represents　one　group　of　five　plus　its
captain；　either　a　captain…of…five　or　a　captain…of…ten。　A　C　represents
a　company…captain。

　　First　positionOne　long　column。　All　in　single　file。

　　Second　positionFour　columns。　Single　file　for　each　company。

　　Third　positionEight　columns。　Double　files。

　　Fourth　positionSixteen　columns。　Quadruple　files。

　　　　C　　　　　　C　　　C　　　　　　　C　　　　　C　　　　　　　　　　C　　　　　　　C
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X　　…》　　X　X　　　X　X　　…》　　X　X　X　X　X　X　X　X
　　　　X　　…》　　X　　　X　　　　　　X　X　　　X　X
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X
　　　　X　　　　　　X　　　X
　　　　C
　　　　X
　　　　X
　　　　X
　　　　X＇

C4。15。　Cyaxares　means　to　kidnap　them；　doesn't　he？　That　is　not　quite
Cyrus'　method。　If　so；　it　contrasts　Cyaxares　and　Cyrus　again。

C4。17。　Cyaxares　the　old　fox　improves　upon　the　plan。

C4。30；　init。　It　is　these　touches　which　give　the　thrilling　subjective
feeling　to　the　writings　of　Xenophon；　or；　rather；　thus　his　nerves
tingle；　just　as　the　external　touches　give　a　sense　of　objective　health
（e。g。　above；　C1。29）。

C4。32。　All　this　is　entirely　modern；　never　yet　excelled；　I　imagine。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BOOK　III

＇C。1＇　Thus　Cyrus　made　his　preparations。　But　the　Armenian；　when　he
heard　what　the　messenger　had　to　say；　was　terror…stricken：　he　knew　the
wrong　he　had　done　in　neglecting　the　tribute　and　withholding　the
troops；　and；　above　all；　he　was　afraid　it　would　be　discovered　that　he