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the autobiography of ben franklin(云源声針爽徭勧)-及39嫗

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thence express with a paquet from  Governor Denny for the General。  He 

delivered to me some letters from my friends there�察�which occasion'd my 

inquiring when he was to return�察�and where be lodg'd�察�that I might send 

some letters by him。 He told me he was order'd to call to´morrow at nine 

for the general's answer to the governor�察�and should set off immediately。 I 

put   my   letters   into   his   hands   the   same   day。 A  fortnight   after   I   met   him 

again in the same place。 ;So�察�you are soon return'd�察�Innis�拭─ �Returned� �no�察�

I am not gone yet。; ;How so�拭─ �I have called here by order every morning 

these two weeks past for his lordship's letter�察�and it is not yet ready。; ;Is it 

possible�察  �when   he   is   so   great   a   writer�拭  �for   I   see   him   constantly   at   his 

escritoire。;   ;Yes�察─  �says   Innis�察   �but   he   is   like   St。   George   on   the   signs�察�

always      on   horseback�察    �and   never    rides   on� ─  �This   observation      of  the 

messenger was�察�it seems�察�well founded�察�for�察�when in England�察�I understood 

that Mr。 Pitt gave it as one reason for removing this general�察�and sending 

Generals Amherst and Wolfe�察�that the minister never heard from him�察�and 

could not know what he was doing。 

     This daily expectation of sailing�察�and all the three paquets going down 

to Sandy Hook�察�to join the fleet there�察�the passengers thought it best to be 

on   board�察  �lest   by   a   sudden   order   the   ships   should   sail�察  �and   they   be   left 

behind。 There�察�if I remember right�察�we were about six weeks�察�consuming 



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our sea´stores�察�and oblig'd to procure more。 At length the fleet sail'd�察�the 

General   and   all   his   army   on   board�察  �bound   to   Louisburg�察  �with   intent   to 

besiege and take that fortress�察�all the paquet´boats in company ordered to 

attend the General's ship�察�ready to receive his dispatches when they should 

be ready。 We were out five days before we got a letter with leave to part�察�

and then our ship quitted the fleet and steered for England。 The other two 

paquets   he   still   detained�察  �carried   them   with   him   to   Halifax�察  �where   he 

stayed   some   time   to   exercise   the   men   in   sham  attacks   upon   sham   forts�察�

then alter'd his mind as to besieging Louisburg�察�and return'd to New York�察�

with all his troops�察�together with the two paquets above mentioned�察�and all 

their   passengers�   �During   his   absence   the   French   and   savages   had   taken 

Fort    George�察    �on   the   frontier   of  that   province�察    �and   the   savages    had 

massacred many of the garrison after capitulation。 

     I saw afterwards in London Captain Bonnell�察�who commanded one of 

those   paquets。   He   told   me   that�察  �when   he   had   been   detain'd   a   month�察  �he 

acquainted his lordship that his ship was grown foul�察�to a degree that must 

necessarily  hinder   her   fast   sailing�察  �a   point   of   consequence   for   a   paquet´ 

boat�察�and requested an allowance of time to heave her down and clean her 

bottom。   He   was   asked   how   long   time   that   would   require。   He   answer'd�察�

three days。 The general replied�察 �If you can do it in one day�察�I give leave�察�

otherwise not�察�for you must certainly sail the day after to´morrow。; So he 

never obtain'd leave�察�though detained afterwards from day to day during 

full three months。 

     I saw also in London one of Bonnell's passengers�察�who was so enrag'd 

against his lordship for deceiving and detaining him so long at New York�察�

and then carrying him to Halifax and back again�察�that he swore he would 

sue    for   damages。     Whether      he  did   or  not�察  �I  never    heard�察  �but�察  �as  he 

represented the injury to his affairs�察�it was very considerable。 

     On the whole�察�I wonder'd much how such a man came to be intrusted 

with so important a business as the conduct of a great army�察�but�察�having 

since   seen    more   of   the   great   world�察  �and   the   means   of   obtaining�察  �and 

motives for giving places�察�my wonder is diminished。 General Shirley�察�on 

whom  the  command   of   the  army  devolved   upon   the death of   Braddock�察�

would�察  �in   my   opinion�察  �if   continued   in   place�察  �have   made   a   much   better 



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campaign than that of Loudoun in 1757�察�which was frivolous�察�expensive�察�

and disgraceful to our nation beyond conception�察�for�察�tho' Shirley was not 

a bred soldier�察�he was sensible and sagacious in himself�察�and attentive to 

good   advice   from   others�察  �capable   of   forming   judicious   plans�察  �and   quick 

and active in carrying them into execution。 Loudoun�察�instead of defending 

the colonies with his great army�察�left them totally expos'd while he paraded 

idly at Halifax�察�by which means Fort George was lost�察�besides�察�he derang'd 

all our mercantile operations�察�and distress'd our trade�察�by a long embargo 

on   the   exportation   of   provisions�察  �on   pretence   of   keeping   supplies   from 

being obtain'd by the enemy�察�but in reality for beating down their price in 

favor    of   the  contractors�察    �in  whose    profits�察  �it  was   said�察 �perhaps     from 

suspicion only�察�he had a share。 And�察�when at length the embargo was taken 

off�察�by neglecting to send notice  of it to Charlestown�察�the Carolina  fleet 

was   detain'd   near   three   months   longer�察  �whereby   their   bottoms   were   so 

much damaged by the worm that a great part of them foundered in their 

passage home。 

     Shirley     was�察  �I  believe�察   �sincerely    glad   of   being   relieved    from    so 

burdensome        a  charge    as  the   conduct     of  an   army    must   be   to  a  man 

unacquainted with military business。 I was at the entertainment given by 

the   city   of   New   York    to  Lord    Loudoun�察  �on     his  taking    upon    him   the 

command。 Shirley�察�tho' thereby superseded�察�was present also。 There was a 

great company of officers�察�citizens�察�and strangers�察�and�察�some chairs having 

been borrowed in the neighborhood�察�there was one among them very low�察�

which fell to the lot of Mr。 Shirley。 Perceiving it as I sat by him�察�I said�察�

;They   have   given   you�察  �sir�察  �too   low   a   seat。;   ;No   matter�察─  �says   he�察   �Mr。 

Franklin�察�I find a low seat the easiest。; While I was�察�as afore mention'd�察�

detain'd at New York�察�I receiv'd all the accounts of the provisions�察�etc。�察�that 

I had furnish'd to Braddock�察�some of which accounts could not sooner be 

obtain'd from the different persons I had employ'd to assist in the business。 

I  presented   them  to   Lord   Loudoun�察  �desiring   to   be   paid   the   ballance。   He 

caus'd   them   to   be   regularly   examined   by   the   proper   officer�察  �who�察  �after 

comparing   every  article   with   its voucher�察  �certified   them  to   be   right�察  �and 

the balance due for which his lordship promis'd to give me an order on the 

paymaster。 This was�察�however�察�put off from time to time�察�and�察�tho' I call'd 



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often   for   it   by   appointment�察  �I   did   not   get   it。   At   length�察  �just   before   my 

departure�察  �he   told   me   he   had�察  �on   better   consideration�察  �concluded   not   to 

mix   his   accounts   with   those   of   his   predecessors。   ;And   you�察─  �says   he�察�

;when in England�察�have only to exhibit your accounts at the treasury�察�and 

you will be paid immediately。; 

     I mention'd�察�but without effect�察�the great and unexpected expense I had 

been   put   to   by   being   detain'd   so   long   at   New York�察  �as   a   reason   for   my 

desiring to be presently paid�察�and on my observing that it was not right I 

should be put to any further trouble or delay in obtaining the money I had 

advanc'd�察  �as   I   charged   no   commission   for   my   service�察   �0�察  �sir�察─  �says   he�察�

;you     must     not   think    of  persuading      us   that   you    are   no   gainer�察   �we 

understand   better   those   affairs�察  �and   know   that   every   one   concerned   in 

supplying the army finds means�察�in the doing it�察�to fill his own pockets。; I 

assur'd him that was not my case�察�and that I had not pocketed a farthing�察�

but he appear'd clearly not to believe me�察�and�察�indeed�察�I have since learnt 

that   immense   fortunes   are   often   made   in   such   employments。   As   to   my 

ballance�察�I am not paid it to this day�察�of which more hereafter。 

     Our captain of the paquet had boasted much�察�before we sailed�察�of the 

swiftness of his ship�察�unfortunately�察�when we came to sea�察�she proved the 

dullest     of  ninety´six     sail�察 �to   his  no    small   mortification。      After    many 

conjectures respecting the cause�察�when we were near another ship almost 

as   dull   as   ours�察  �which�察  �however�察  �gain'd   upon   us�察  �the   captain   ordered   all 

hands to come aft�察�and stand as near the ensign staff as possible。 We were�察�

passengers included�察�about forty persons。 While we stood there�察�the ship 

mended   her   pace�察  �and   soon   left   her   neighbour   far   behind�察  �which   prov'd 

clearly what our captain suspected�察�that she was loaded too much by the 

head。 The casks of water�察�it seems�察�had been all plac'd forward�察�these he 

therefore order'd to be mov'd further aft�察�on which the ship recover'd her 

character�察�and proved the sailer in the fleet。 

     The captain said she had once gone at the rate of thirteen knots�察�which 

is   accounted   thirteen   miles   per   hour。   We   had   on   board�察  �as   a   passenger�察�

Captain Kennedy�察�of the Navy�察�who contended that it was impossible�察�and 

that no ship ever sailed so fast�察�and that there must have been some error 

in the division of the log´line�察�or some mistake in heaving the log。 A wager 



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ensu'd   between   the   two   captains�察  �to   be   decided   when   there   should   be 

sufficient wind。 Kennedy thereupon examin'd rigorously the log´line�察�and�察�

being     satisfi'd    with    that�察  �he   determin'd      to   throw     the   log   himself。 

Accordingly some days after�察�when the wind blew very fair and fresh�察�and 

the captain of the paquet�察�Lutwidge�察�said he believ'd she then went at the 

rate of thirteen knots�察�Kennedy made the experiment�察�and own'd his wager 

lost。 

     The above fact I give for the sake of the following observation。 It has 

been   remark'd�察 �as   an   imperfection   in   the  art   of  ship´building�察 �that   it   can 

never be known�察�till 

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