the autobiography of ben franklin(云源声針爽徭勧)-及39嫗
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thence express with a paquet from Governor Denny for the General。 He
delivered to me some letters from my friends there�察�which occasion'd my
inquiring when he was to return�察�and where be lodg'd�察�that I might send
some letters by him。 He told me he was order'd to call to´morrow at nine
for the general's answer to the governor�察�and should set off immediately。 I
put my letters into his hands the same day。 A fortnight after I met him
again in the same place。 ;So�察�you are soon return'd�察�Innis�拭─ �Returned� �no�察�
I am not gone yet。; ;How so�拭─ �I have called here by order every morning
these two weeks past for his lordship's letter�察�and it is not yet ready。; ;Is it
possible�察 �when he is so great a writer�拭 �for I see him constantly at his
escritoire。; ;Yes�察─ �says Innis�察 �but he is like St。 George on the signs�察�
always on horseback�察 �and never rides on� ─ �This observation of the
messenger was�察�it seems�察�well founded�察�for�察�when in England�察�I understood
that Mr。 Pitt gave it as one reason for removing this general�察�and sending
Generals Amherst and Wolfe�察�that the minister never heard from him�察�and
could not know what he was doing。
This daily expectation of sailing�察�and all the three paquets going down
to Sandy Hook�察�to join the fleet there�察�the passengers thought it best to be
on board�察 �lest by a sudden order the ships should sail�察 �and they be left
behind。 There�察�if I remember right�察�we were about six weeks�察�consuming
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our sea´stores�察�and oblig'd to procure more。 At length the fleet sail'd�察�the
General and all his army on board�察 �bound to Louisburg�察 �with intent to
besiege and take that fortress�察�all the paquet´boats in company ordered to
attend the General's ship�察�ready to receive his dispatches when they should
be ready。 We were out five days before we got a letter with leave to part�察�
and then our ship quitted the fleet and steered for England。 The other two
paquets he still detained�察 �carried them with him to Halifax�察 �where he
stayed some time to exercise the men in sham attacks upon sham forts�察�
then alter'd his mind as to besieging Louisburg�察�and return'd to New York�察�
with all his troops�察�together with the two paquets above mentioned�察�and all
their passengers� �During his absence the French and savages had taken
Fort George�察 �on the frontier of that province�察 �and the savages had
massacred many of the garrison after capitulation。
I saw afterwards in London Captain Bonnell�察�who commanded one of
those paquets。 He told me that�察 �when he had been detain'd a month�察 �he
acquainted his lordship that his ship was grown foul�察�to a degree that must
necessarily hinder her fast sailing�察 �a point of consequence for a paquet´
boat�察�and requested an allowance of time to heave her down and clean her
bottom。 He was asked how long time that would require。 He answer'd�察�
three days。 The general replied�察 �If you can do it in one day�察�I give leave�察�
otherwise not�察�for you must certainly sail the day after to´morrow。; So he
never obtain'd leave�察�though detained afterwards from day to day during
full three months。
I saw also in London one of Bonnell's passengers�察�who was so enrag'd
against his lordship for deceiving and detaining him so long at New York�察�
and then carrying him to Halifax and back again�察�that he swore he would
sue for damages。 Whether he did or not�察 �I never heard�察 �but�察 �as he
represented the injury to his affairs�察�it was very considerable。
On the whole�察�I wonder'd much how such a man came to be intrusted
with so important a business as the conduct of a great army�察�but�察�having
since seen more of the great world�察 �and the means of obtaining�察 �and
motives for giving places�察�my wonder is diminished。 General Shirley�察�on
whom the command of the army devolved upon the death of Braddock�察�
would�察 �in my opinion�察 �if continued in place�察 �have made a much better
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campaign than that of Loudoun in 1757�察�which was frivolous�察�expensive�察�
and disgraceful to our nation beyond conception�察�for�察�tho' Shirley was not
a bred soldier�察�he was sensible and sagacious in himself�察�and attentive to
good advice from others�察 �capable of forming judicious plans�察 �and quick
and active in carrying them into execution。 Loudoun�察�instead of defending
the colonies with his great army�察�left them totally expos'd while he paraded
idly at Halifax�察�by which means Fort George was lost�察�besides�察�he derang'd
all our mercantile operations�察�and distress'd our trade�察�by a long embargo
on the exportation of provisions�察 �on pretence of keeping supplies from
being obtain'd by the enemy�察�but in reality for beating down their price in
favor of the contractors�察 �in whose profits�察 �it was said�察 �perhaps from
suspicion only�察�he had a share。 And�察�when at length the embargo was taken
off�察�by neglecting to send notice of it to Charlestown�察�the Carolina fleet
was detain'd near three months longer�察 �whereby their bottoms were so
much damaged by the worm that a great part of them foundered in their
passage home。
Shirley was�察 �I believe�察 �sincerely glad of being relieved from so
burdensome a charge as the conduct of an army must be to a man
unacquainted with military business。 I was at the entertainment given by
the city of New York to Lord Loudoun�察 �on his taking upon him the
command。 Shirley�察�tho' thereby superseded�察�was present also。 There was a
great company of officers�察�citizens�察�and strangers�察�and�察�some chairs having
been borrowed in the neighborhood�察�there was one among them very low�察�
which fell to the lot of Mr。 Shirley。 Perceiving it as I sat by him�察�I said�察�
;They have given you�察 �sir�察 �too low a seat。; ;No matter�察─ �says he�察 �Mr。
Franklin�察�I find a low seat the easiest。; While I was�察�as afore mention'd�察�
detain'd at New York�察�I receiv'd all the accounts of the provisions�察�etc。�察�that
I had furnish'd to Braddock�察�some of which accounts could not sooner be
obtain'd from the different persons I had employ'd to assist in the business。
I presented them to Lord Loudoun�察 �desiring to be paid the ballance。 He
caus'd them to be regularly examined by the proper officer�察 �who�察 �after
comparing every article with its voucher�察 �certified them to be right�察 �and
the balance due for which his lordship promis'd to give me an order on the
paymaster。 This was�察�however�察�put off from time to time�察�and�察�tho' I call'd
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often for it by appointment�察 �I did not get it。 At length�察 �just before my
departure�察 �he told me he had�察 �on better consideration�察 �concluded not to
mix his accounts with those of his predecessors。 ;And you�察─ �says he�察�
;when in England�察�have only to exhibit your accounts at the treasury�察�and
you will be paid immediately。;
I mention'd�察�but without effect�察�the great and unexpected expense I had
been put to by being detain'd so long at New York�察 �as a reason for my
desiring to be presently paid�察�and on my observing that it was not right I
should be put to any further trouble or delay in obtaining the money I had
advanc'd�察 �as I charged no commission for my service�察 �0�察 �sir�察─ �says he�察�
;you must not think of persuading us that you are no gainer�察 �we
understand better those affairs�察 �and know that every one concerned in
supplying the army finds means�察�in the doing it�察�to fill his own pockets。; I
assur'd him that was not my case�察�and that I had not pocketed a farthing�察�
but he appear'd clearly not to believe me�察�and�察�indeed�察�I have since learnt
that immense fortunes are often made in such employments。 As to my
ballance�察�I am not paid it to this day�察�of which more hereafter。
Our captain of the paquet had boasted much�察�before we sailed�察�of the
swiftness of his ship�察�unfortunately�察�when we came to sea�察�she proved the
dullest of ninety´six sail�察 �to his no small mortification。 After many
conjectures respecting the cause�察�when we were near another ship almost
as dull as ours�察 �which�察 �however�察 �gain'd upon us�察 �the captain ordered all
hands to come aft�察�and stand as near the ensign staff as possible。 We were�察�
passengers included�察�about forty persons。 While we stood there�察�the ship
mended her pace�察 �and soon left her neighbour far behind�察 �which prov'd
clearly what our captain suspected�察�that she was loaded too much by the
head。 The casks of water�察�it seems�察�had been all plac'd forward�察�these he
therefore order'd to be mov'd further aft�察�on which the ship recover'd her
character�察�and proved the sailer in the fleet。
The captain said she had once gone at the rate of thirteen knots�察�which
is accounted thirteen miles per hour。 We had on board�察 �as a passenger�察�
Captain Kennedy�察�of the Navy�察�who contended that it was impossible�察�and
that no ship ever sailed so fast�察�and that there must have been some error
in the division of the log´line�察�or some mistake in heaving the log。 A wager
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ensu'd between the two captains�察 �to be decided when there should be
sufficient wind。 Kennedy thereupon examin'd rigorously the log´line�察�and�察�
being satisfi'd with that�察 �he determin'd to throw the log himself。
Accordingly some days after�察�when the wind blew very fair and fresh�察�and
the captain of the paquet�察�Lutwidge�察�said he believ'd she then went at the
rate of thirteen knots�察�Kennedy made the experiment�察�and own'd his wager
lost。
The above fact I give for the sake of the following observation。 It has
been remark'd�察 �as an imperfection in the art of ship´building�察 �that it can
never be known�察�till