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the crisis in russia(躯忽裡字)-及22嫗

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ourselves。 In the same way we have great quantities of rice in Turkestan�察�

and    actually    are  being    offered   rice  from    Sweden�察    �because     we   cannot 

transport our own。         Then we have over a million poods of copper�察�ready 

for   export   on   the   same   conditions。     But   it   is   clear   that   if   the   Western 

countries are unable to help in the transport�察�they cannot expect to get raw 

materials from us。; 

       I asked about platinum。         He laughed。 

       ;That is a different matter。        In platinum we have a world monopoly�察�

and can consequently afford to wait。 Diamonds and gold�察�they can have as 

much as they want of 



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     such rubbish�察�but platinum is different�察�and we are in no hurry to part 

with it。    But diamonds and gold ornaments�察�the jewelry of the Tsars�察�we 

are ready to give to any king in Europe who fancies them�察�if he can give us 

some less ornamental but more useful locomotives instead。; 

       I   asked   if   Kolchak   had   damaged   the   platinum   mines。      He   replied�察�

;Not   at   all。  On   the   contrary�察  �he   was   promising   platinum   to   everybody 

who wanted it�察�and he set the mines going�察�so we arrived to find them in 

good condition�察�with a considerable yield of platinum ready for use。; 

       ��I   am   inclined   to   think   that   in   spite   of   Rykov's   rather   intransigent 

attitude  on   the  question�察  �the   Russians   would  none   the  less   be   willing   to 

export platinum�察�if only on account of the fact in comparison with its great 

value it requires little transport�察�and so would make possible for them an 

immediate bargain with some of the machinery they most urgently need。�� 

       Finally we talked of the growing importance of the Council of Public 

Economy。        Rykov   was   of   opinion   that   it   would   eventually   become   the 

centre of the whole State organism�察 �it and Trades Unions organizing the 

actual producers in each branch。; 

       ;Then you think that as your further plans develop�察�with the creation 

of more and more industrial centres�察�with special productive populations 

concentrated round them�察�the 

       Councils of the Trades Unions will tend to become identical with the 

Soviets elected in the same districts by the same industrial units�拭─�

       ;Precisely�察─�said Rykov�察 �and in that way the Soviets�察�useful during 

the period of transition as an instrument of struggle and dictatorship�察�will 

be merged with the Unions。; ��One 

     important   factor�察  �as   Lenin   pointed   out   when   considering   the        same 

question�察�is here left out of count�察�namely the political development of the 

enormous agricultural as opposed to industrial population。�� 

       ;But    if  this  merging    of  political   Soviets    with   productive     Unions 

occurs�察    �the  questions     that   concern    people    will   cease    to  be   political 

questions�察�but will be purely questions of economics。; 

       ;Certainly。     And we shall see the disappearance of political parties。 

That     process    is  already   apparent。     In   the   present   huge    Trade    Union 

Conference        there   are   only   sixty    Mensheviks。      The    Communists        are 



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swallowing one party after another。 Those who were not drawn over to us 

during   the   period   of   struggle   are   now   joining   us   during   the   process   of 

construction�察�and we find that our differences now are not political at all�察�

but    concerned      only   with    the  practical    details   of   construction。;      He 

illustrated   this   by   pointing   out   the   present   constitution   of   the   Supreme 

Council of Public Economy。              There are under it fifty´three Departments 

or Centres ��Textile�察�Soap�察�Wool�察�Timber�察�Flax�察�etc。���察�each controlled by a 

;College;   of   three   or   more   persons。      There   are   232   members   of   these 

Colleges or Boards in all�察�and of them 83 are workmen�察�79 are engineers�察�

1 was an ex´director�察�50 were from the clerical staff�察�and 19 unclassified。 

Politically 115 were Communists�察�105 were ;non´party�察─�and 12 were of 

non´Communist parties。           He continued�察 �Further�察�in swallowing the other 

parties�察�the Communists themselves will cease to exist as a political party。 

Think only that youths coming to their manhood during this year in Russia 

and in the future will not be able to confirm from their own experience the 

reasoning   of   Karl   Marx�察  �because   they  will   have   had   no   experience   of   a 

capitalist country。      What can they make of the class struggle�拭               �The class 

struggle   here   is   already   over�察  �and   the   distinctions   of   class   have   already 

gone   altogether。      In   the old   days�察 �members   of   our   party  were   men   who 

had   read�察  �or   tried   to   read�察  �Marx's   ;Capital�察─  �who   knew   the   ;Communist 

Manifesto; by heart�察�and were occupied in continual criticism of the basis 

of capitalist society。      Look at the new 

     members of our party。          Marx is quite unnecessary to them。 They join 

us�察  �not   for   struggle   in   the   interests   of   an   oppressed   class�察  �but   simply 

because   they   understand   our   aims   in   constructive   work。         And�察  �as   this 

process continues�察�we old social democrats shall disappear�察�and our places 

will   be   filled   by   people   of   entirely   different   character   grown   up   under 

entirely new conditions。; 



                           NON´PARTYISM 



     Rykov's   prophecies   of   the   disappearance   of   Political   parties   may   be 

falsified by a   development of that very non´partyism on   which he bases 



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them。     It   is   true   that   the   parties   openly   hostile   to   the   Communists   in 

Russia     have    practically    disappeared。     Many     old´time    Mensheviks       have 

joined the Communist Party。            Here and there in the country may be found 

a   Social   Revolutionary   stronghold。         Here   and   there   in   the   Ukraine   the 

Mensheviks retain a footing�察�but I doubt whether either of these parties has 

in it the vitality to make itself once again a serious political factor。               There 

is�察  �however�察    �a  movement       which�察   �in  the   long   run�察 �may    alter   Russia's 

political complexion。         More and more delegates to Soviets or Congresses 

of   all   kinds   are   explicitly   described   as   ;Non´party。;      Non´partyism   is 

perhaps   a  sign   of   revolt   against   rigid   discipline   of   any  kind。  Now   and 

then�察�of course�察�a clever Menshevik or Social Revolutionary�察�by trimming 

his sails carefully to the wind�察�gets himself elected on a non´party ticket。 

'When      this   happens   there   is   usually   a   great   hullabaloo   as   soon   as   he 

declares   himself。       A   section   of   his   electors   agitates   for   his   recall   and 

presently some one else is elected in his stead。             But non´partyism is much 

more      than   a   mere    cloak    of  invisibility    for   enemies     or   conditional 

supporters of the Communists。              I know of considerable country districts 

which�察     �in  the   face    of  every    kind    of   agitation�察  �insist   on   returning 

exclusively non´party delegates。             The local Soviets in these districts are 

also     non´party�察   �and    they    elect   usually    a   local   Bolshevik      to  some 

responsible post to act as it were as a buffer between themselves and the 

central 

     authority。     They manage local affairs in their own way�察�and�察�through 

the    use   of  tact   on   both   sides�察  �avoid    falling   foul   of  the   more    rigid 

doctrinaires in Moscow。 

        Eager    reactionaries    outside    Russia     will  no   doubt    point    to  non´ 

partyism as a symptom of friendship for themselves。                   It is nothing of the 

sort。    On all questions of the defense of the Republic the non´party voting 

is invariably solid with that of the Communists。                 The non´party men do 

not want Denikin。 They do not want Baron Wrangel。                       They have never 

heard      of   Professor     Struhve。       They      do   not    particularly     like   the 

Communists。 They principally want to be left alone�察�and they principally 

fear any enforced continuation of war of any kind。                    If�察�in the course of 

time�察  �they   come   to   have   a   definite   political   programme�察  �I   think   it   not 



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impossible that they may turn into a new kind of constitutional democrat。 

That does not mean that they will have any use for M。 Milukov or for a 

monarch with   whom  M。  Milukov   might   be   ready  to supply  them。                 The 

Constitution for which they will work will be that very Soviet Constitution 

which is now in abeyance�察�and the democracy which they associate with it 

will be that form of democracy which were it to be accurately observed in 

the    present    state  of   Russia�察   �that   Constitution     would     provide。     The 

capitalist in Russia has long ago earned the position in which�察�according to 

the Constitution�察�he has a right to vote�察�since he has long ago ceased to be 

a capitalist。    Supposing the Soviet Constitution were today to be literally 

applied�察  �it   would   be   found   that   practically   no   class   except   the   priests 

would be excluded from the franchise。 And when this agitation swells in 

volume�察  �it   will   be   an   agitation   extremely   difficult   to   resist�察  �supposing 

Russia to be at peace�察�so that there will be no valid excuse with which to 

meet   it。   These   new   constitutional   democrats   will   be   in   the   position   of 

saying      to   the   Communists�察        �Give    us�察  �without     change�察    �that   very 

Constitution which you yourselves drew up。; I think they will find many 

friends inside the Communist Party�察�particularly among those Communists 

who are also Trade Unionists。           I heard something very like the arguments 

of this new variety of constitutional democrat in the Kremlin itself at an 

All´Russian Conference of the Communist Party。                  A workman�察�Sapronov�察�

turned suddenly aside in a speech on quite another matter�察�and said with 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

低辛嬬浪散議