the commonwealth of oceana-第45章

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　us　is　exactly　followed　by　the　election　of　a　new　strategus　upon　the　march　of　the　old　one。　　　　　〃The　seven…and…twentieth　order；　whereby　the　elders　in　case　of　invasion　are　obliged　to　equal　duty　with　the　youth；　and　each　upon　their　own　charge；　is　suitable　to　reason　（for　every　man　defends　his　own　estate）　and　to　our　copy；　as　in　the　war　with　the　Samnites　and　Tuscans。　'The　Senate　ordered　a　vacation　to　be　proclaimed；　and　a　levy　to　be　made　of　all　sorts　of　persons；　and　not　only　the　freemen　and　youths　were　listed；　but　cohorts　of　the　old　men　were　likewise　formed。'　This　nation　of　all　others　is　the　least　obnoxious　to　invasion。　Oceana；　says　a　French　politician；　is　a　beast　that　cannot　be　devoured　but　by　herself。　Nevertheless；　that　government　is　not　perfect　which　is　not　provided　at　all　points；　and　in　this　（ad　triarios　res　rediit）　the　elders　being　such　as　in　a　martial　state　must　be　veterans；　the　commonwealth　invaded　gathers　strength　like　Antaeus　by　her　fall；　while　the　whole　number　of　the　elders；　consisting　of　500；000；　and　the　youth　of　as　many；　being　brought　up　according　to　the　order；　give　twelve　successive　battles；　each　battle　consisting　of　80；000　men；　half　elders　and　half　youth。　And　the　commonwealth；　whose　constitution　can　be　no　stranger　to　any　of　those　virtues　which　are　to　be　acquired　in　human　life；　grows　familiar　with　death　ere　she　dies。　If　the　hand　of　God　be　upon　her　for　her　transgressions；　she　shall　mourn　for　her　sins；　and　lie　in　the　dust　for　her　iniquities；　without　losing　her　manhood。

　　〃'Si　fractus　illabatur　orbis；　　　　　Impavidam　ferient　ruinoe。'〃

　　　　The　remaining　part；　being　the　constitution　of　the　provincial　orb；　is　partly　civil；　or　consisting　of　the　elders；　and　partly　military；　or　consisting　of　the　youth。　The　civil　part　of　the　provincial　orb　is　directed　by　　　　　　The　twenty…eighth　order；　〃Whereby　the　council　of　a　province　being　constituted　of　twelve　knights；　divided　by　four　into　three　regions　（for　their　term　and　revolution　conformable　to　the　Parliament）；　is　perpetuated　by　the　annual　election　at　the　tropic　of　four　knights　（being　triennial　magistrates）　out　of　the　region　of　the　Senate　whose　term　expires；　and　of　one　knight　out　of　the　same　region　to　be　strategus　or　general　of　the　province；　which　magistracy　is　annual。　The　strategus　or　magistrate　thus　chosen　shall　be　as　well　president　of　the　provincial　council　with　power　to　propose　to　the　same；　as　general　of　the　army。　The　council　for　the　rest　shall　elect　weekly　provosts；　having　any　two　of　them　also　right　to　propose　after　the　manner　of　the　senatorian　councils　of　Oceana。　And　whereas　all　provincial　councils　are　members　of　the　Council　of　State；　they　may　and　ought　to　keep　diligent　correspondence　with　the　same；　which　is　to　be　done　after　this　manner：　Any　opinion　or　opinions　legitimately　proposed　and　debated　at　a　provincial　council；　being　thereupon　signed　by　the　strategus　or　any　two　of　the　provosts；　may　be　transmitted　to　the　Council　of　State　in　Oceana；　and　the　Council　of　State　proceeding　upon　the　same　in　their　natural　course　（whether　by　their　own　power；　if　it　be　a　matter　within　their　instructions；　or　by　authority　of　the　Senate　thereupon　consulted；　if　it　be　a　matter　of　state　which　is　not　in　their　instructions；　or　by　authority　of　the　Senate　and　command　of　the　people；　if　it　be　a　matter　of　law；　as　for　the　levies　of　men　or　money　upon　common　use　and　safety）　shall　return　such　answers；　advice；　or　orders　as　in　any　of　the　ways　mentioned　shall　be　determined　upon　the　case。　　　　　〃The　provincial　councils　of　Marpesia　and　Panopea　respectively　shall　take　special　care　that　the　agrarian　laws；　as　also　all　other　laws　that　be　or　shall　from　time　to　time　be　enacted　by　the　Parliament　of　Oceana；　for　either　of　them；　be　duly　put　in　execution；　they　shall　manage　and　receive　the　customs　of　either　nation　for　the　shipping　of　Oceana；　being　the　common　guard；　they　shall　have　a　care　that　moderate　and　sufficient　pay　upon　the　respective　province　be　duly　raised　for　the　support　and　maintenance　of　the　officers　and　soldiers；　or　army　of　the　same；　in　the　most　effectual；　constant；　and　convenient　way；　they　shall　receive　the　regalia；　or　public　revenues　of　those　nations；　out　of　which　every　councillor　shall　have　for　his　term；　and　to　his　proper　use；　the　sum　of　？00　per　annum；　and　the　strategus　？00　as　president；　beside　his　pay　as　general；　which　shall　be　？；000；　the　reminder　to　go　to　the　use　of　the　knights　and　deputies　of　the　respective　provinces；　to　be　paid；　if　it　will　reach；　according　to　the　rates　of　Oceana；　if　not；　by　an　equal　distribution；　respectively；　or　the　overplus；　if　there　be　any；　to　be　returned　to　the　Treasury　of　Oceana。　They　shall　manage　the　lands　（if　there　be　any　such　held　in　either　of　the　provinces　by　the　commonwealth　of　Oceana；　in　dominion）　and　return　the　rents　into　the　Exchequer。　If　the　commonwealth　comes　to　be　possessed　of　richer　provinces；　the　pay　of　the　general　or　strategus；　and　of　the　councils；　may　be　respectively　increased。　The　people　for　the　rest　shall　elect　their　own　magistrates；　and　be　governed　by　their　own　laws；　having　power　also　to　appeal　from　their　native　or　provincial　magistrates；　if　they　please；　to　the　people　of　Oceana。　And　whereas　there　may　be　such　as　receiving　injury；　are　not　able　to　prosecute　their　appeals　at　so　great　a　distance；　eight　sergeants…at…law；　being　sworn　by　the　commissioners　of　the　seal；　shall　be　sent　by　four　into　each　province　once　in　two　years；　who；　dividing　the　same　by　circuits；　shall　hear　such　causes；　and　having　gathered　and　introduced　them；　shall　return　to　the　several　appellants；　gratis；　the　determinations　and　decrees　of　the　people　in　their　several　cases。　　　　　〃The　term　of　a　knight　in　a　provincial　orb；　as　to　domestic　magistracies；　shall　be　esteemed　a　vacation；　and　no　bar　to　present　election　to　any　other　honor；　his　provincial　magistracy　being　expired。　　　　　〃The　quorum　of　a　provincial　council；　as　also　of　every　other　council　or　assembly　in　Oceana；　shall　in　time　of　health　consist　of　two　parts　in　three　of　the　whole　number　proper　to　that　council　or　assembly；　and　in　a　time　of　sickness；　of　one　part　in　three；　but　of　the　Senate　there　can　be　no　quorum　without　three　of　the　signory；　nor　of　a　council　without　two　of　the　provosts。〃　　　　　The　civil　part　of　the　provincial　orb　being　declared　by　the　foregoing　order；　the　military　part　of　the　same　is　constituted　by　　　　　　The　twenty…ninth　order；　〃Whereby　the　stratiots　of　the　third　essay　having　drawn　the　gold　balls　marked　with　the　letter　M；　and　being　ten　horse　and　fifty　foot　in　a　tribe；　that　is　to　say；　500　horse　and　2；500　foot　in　all；　the　tribes　shall　be　delivered　by　the　respective　conductors　to　the　provincial　strategus　or　general；　at　such　a　time　and　place；　or　rendezvous；　as　he　shall　appoint　by　order　and　certificate　of　his　election；　and　the　strategus　having　received　the　horse　and　foot　mentioned；　which　are　the　third　classes　of　his　provincial　guard　or　army；　shall　forthwith　lead　them　away　to　Marpesia；　where　the　army　consists　of　three　classes；　each　class　containing　3；000　men；　whereof　500　are　horse；　and　receiving　the　new　strategus　with　the　third　class；　the　old　strategus　with　the　first　class　shall　be　dismissed　by　the　provincial　council。　The　same　method　with　the　stratiots　of　the　letter　P；　is　to　be　observed　for　the　provincial　orb　of　Panopea；　and　the　commonwealth　coming　to　acquire　new　provinces；　the　Senate　and　the　people　may　erect　new　orbs　in　like　manner；　consisting　of　greater　or　less　numbers；　according　as　is　required　by　the　respective　occasion。　If　a　stratiot　has　once　served　his　term　in　a　provincial　orb；　and　happens　afterward　to　draw　the　letter　of　a　province　at　the　election　of　the　second　essay；　he　may　refuse　his　lot；　and　if　he　refuses　it；　the　censor　of　that　urn　shall　cause　the　files　balloting　at　the　same　to　make　a　halt；　and　if　the　stratiot　produces　the　certificate　of　his　strategus　or　general；　that　he　has　served　his　time　accordingly；　the　censor　throwing　the　ball　that　he　drew　into　the　urn　again；　and　taking　out　a　blank；　shall　dismiss　the　youth；　and　cause　the　ballot　to　proceed。〃　　　　　To　perfect　the　whole　structure　of　this　commonwealth；　some　directions　are　given　to　the　third　essay；　or　army　marching；　in　　　　　The　thirtieth　order。　〃'When　thou　goest　to　battle　against　thy　enemies；　and　seest　horses　and　chariots；　and　a　people　more　than　thou；　be　not　afraid　of　them；　for　the　Lord　thy　God　is　he　that　goes　with　thee　to　fight　for　thee　against　thy　enemies。　And　when　thou　dividest　the　spoil；　it　shall　be　as　a　statute　and　an　ordinance　to　thee；　that　as　his　part　is　that　goes　down　to　the　battle；　so　shall　his　part　be　that　tarries　by　the　stuff；　that　is　（as　to　the　commonwealth　of　Oceana）　the　spoil　takin　of　the　enemy　（except　clothes；　arms；　horses；　ammunition；　and　victuals；　to　be　divided　to　the　soldiery　by　the　strategus　and　the　polemarchs　upon　the　place　according　to　their　discretion）　shall　be　delivered　to　four　commissaries　of　the　spoils　elected　and　sworn　by　the　Council　of　War；　which　commissaries　shall　be　allowed　shipping　by　the　State；　and　convoys　according　as　occasion　shall　require　by　the　strategus；　to　the　end　that　having　a　bill　of　lading　signed　by　three　or　more　of　the　polemarchs；　they　may　ship　and　bring；　or　cause　such　spoils　to　be　brought　to　the　prize…office　in　Oceana；　where　they　shall　be　sold；　and　the　profit　arising　by　such　spoils　shall　be　divided　into　three　parts；　whereof　one　shall　go　to　the　Treasury；　another　shall　be　paid　to　the　soldiery　of　this　nation；　and　a　third　to　the　auxiliaries　at　their　return　from　their　service；　provided　that　the　said　auxiliaries　be　equal　in　number　to　the　proper　forces　of　this　nation；　otherwise　their　share　shall　be　so　much　less　as　they　themselves　are　fewer　in　number；　the　rest　of　the　two…thirds　to　go　to　the　officers　and　soldiers　of　the　proper　forces。　And　the　spoils　so　divided　to　the　proper　forces；　shall　be　subdivided　into　three　equal　parts；　whereof　one　shall　go　to　the　officers；　and　two　to　the　common　soldiers；　the　like　for　the　auxiliaries。　And　the　share　allotted　the　officers　shall　be　divided　into　four　equal　parts；　whereof　one　shall　go　to　the　strategus；　another　to　the　polemarchs；　a　third　to　the　colonels；　and　a　fourth　to　the　captains；　cornets；　ensigns；　and　under…officers；　receiving　their　share　of　the　spoil　as　common　soldiers；　the　like　for　the　auxiliaries。　And　this　upon　pain；　in　the　case　of　failure；　of　what　the　people　of　Oceana　（to　whom　the　cognizance　of　peculation　or　crimes　of　this　nature　is　properly　appertaining）　shall　adjudge　or　decree。〃

　　　　Upon　these　three　last　orders　the　Archon　seemed　to　be　haranguing　at　the　head　of　his　army　in　this　manner：

〃MY　DEAR　LORDS　AND　EXCELLENT　PATRIOTS：　　　　　〃A　government　of　this　make　is　a　commonwealth　for　increase。　Of　those　for　preservation；　the　inconveniences　and　frailties　have　been　shown：　their　roots　are　narrow；　such　as　do　not　run；　have　no　fibres；　their　tops　weak　and　dangerously　exposed　to　the　weather；　except　you　chance　to　find　one；　as　Venice；　planted　in　a　flower…pot；　and　if　she　grows；　she　grows　topheavy；　and　falls；　too。　But　you　cannot　plant　an　oak　in　a　flowerpot；　she　must　have　earth　for　her　root；　and　heaven　for　her　branches。

　　　　〃'Imperium　Oceano；　famam　quoe　terminet　astris。'

　　　　〃Rome　was　said　to　be　broken　by　her　own　weight；　but　poetically；　for　that　weight　by　which　she　was　pretended　to　be　ruined　was　supported　in　her　emperors　by　a　far　slighter　foundation。　And　in　the　common　experience　of　good　architecture；　there　is　nothing　more　known　than　that　buildings　stand　the　firmer　and　the