the commonwealth of oceana-第18章

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field；　distributing　the　linen　pellets　to　every　man；　with　which　he　is　to　ballot　or　give　suffrage；　would　lose　a　great　deal　of　time；　therefore　a　man's　wife；　his　daughters；　or　others；　make　him　his　provision　of　pellets　before　the　ballot；　and　he　comes　into　the　field　with　a　matter　of　a　score　of　them　in　his　pocket。　And　now　I　have　as　good　as　done　with　the　sport。　The　next　is　　　　　　The　eleventh　order；　〃Explaining　the　duties　and　functions　of　the　magistrates　contained　in　the　list　of　the　prime　magnitude；　and　those　of　the　hundreds；　beginning　with　the　lord　high　sheriff；　who；　over　and　above　his　more　ancient　offices；　and　those　added　by　the　former　order；　is　the　first　magistrate　of　the　phylarch；　or　prerogative　troop。　The　lord　lieutenant；　over　and　above　his　duty　mentioned；　is　commander…in…chief　of　the　musters　of　the　youth；　and　second　magistrate　of　the　phylarch。　The　custos　rotulorum　is　to　return　the　yearly　muster…rolls　of　the　tribe；　as　well　that　of　the　youth　as　of　the　elders；　to　the　rolls　in　emporium；　and　is　the　third　magistrate　of　the　phylarch。　The　censors　by　themselves　and　their　sub…censors；　that　is；　the　overseers　of　the　parishes；　are　to　see　that　the　respective　laws　of　the　ballot　be　observed　in　all　the　popular　assemblies　of　the　tribe。　They　have　power　also　to　put　such　national　ministers；　as　in　preaching　shall　intermeddle　with　matters　of　government；　out　of　their　livings；　except　the　party　appeals　to　the　phylarch；　or　to　the　Council　of　Religion；　where　in　that　case　the　censors　shall　prosecute。　All　and　every　one　of　these　magistrates；　together　with　the　justices　of　peace；　and　the　jurymen　of　the　hundreds；　amounting　in　the　whole　number　to　threescore　and　six；　are　the　prerogative　troop　or　phylarch　of　the　tribe。　　　　　〃The　function　of　the　phylarch　or　prerogative　troop　is　fivefold：　　　　　〃First；　they　are　the　council　of　the　tribe；　and　as　such　to　govern　the　musters　of　the　same　according　to　the　foregoing　orders；　having　cognizance　of　what　has　passed　in　the　congregation　or　elections　made　in　the　parishes　or　the　hundreds；　with　power　to　punish　any　undue　practices；　or　variation　from　their　respective　rules　and　orders；　under　an　appeal　to　the　Parliament。　A　marriage　legitimately　is　to　be　pronounced　by　the　parochial　congregation；　the　muster　of　the　hundred；　or　the　phylarch。　And　if　a　tribe　have　a　desire　（which　they　are　to　express　at　the　muster　by　their　captains；　every　troop　by　his　own）　to　petition　the　Parliament　the　phylarch；　as　the　council；　shall　frame　the　petition　in　the　pavilion；　and　propose　it　by　clauses　to　the　ballot　of　the　whole　tribe；　and　the　clauses　that　shall　be　affirmed　by　the　ballot　of　the　tribe；　and　signed　by　the　hands　of　the　six　magistrates　of　the　prime　magnitude；　shall　be　received　and　esteemed　by　the　Parliament　as　the　petition　of　the　tribe；　and　no　other。　　　　　〃Secondly；　the　phylarch　has　power　to　call　to　their　assistance　what　other　troops　of　the　tribe　they　please　（he　they　elders　or　youth；　whose　discipline　will　be　hereafter　directed）；　and　with　these　to　receive　the　judges　itinerant　in　their　circuits；　whom　the　magistrates　of　the　phylarch　shall　assist　upon　the　bench；　and　the　juries　elsewhere　in　their　proper　functions　according　to　the　more　ancient　laws　and　customs　of　this　nation。　　　　　〃Thirdly；　the　phylarch　shall　hold　the　court　called　the　quartersessions　according　to　the　ancient　custom；　and　therein　shall　also　hear　causes　in　order　to　the　protection　of　liberty　of　conscience；　by　such　rules　as　are　or　shall　hereafter　be　appointed　by　the　Parliament。　　　　　〃Fourthly；　all　commissions　issued　into　the　tribes　by　the　Parliament；　or　by　the　chancery；　are　to　be　directed　to　the　phylarch；　or　some　of　that　troop；　and　executed　by　the　same　respectively。　　　　　〃Fifthly；　in　the　case　of　levies　of　money　the　Parliament　shall　tax　the　phylarchs；　the　phylarchs　shall　tax　the　hundreds；　the　hundreds　the　parishes；　and　the　parishes　shall　levy　it　upon　themselves。　The　parishes　having　levied　the　tax…money　accordingly；　shall　return　it　to　the　officers　of　the　hundreds；　the　hundred　to　the　phylarchs；　and　the　phylarchs　to　the　Exchequer。　But　if　a　man　has　ten　children　living；　he　shall　pay　no　taxes；　if　he　has　five　living；　he　shall　pay　but　half　taxes；　if　he　has　been　married　three　years；　or　be　above　twenty…five　years　of　age；　and　has　no　child　or　children　lawfully　begotten；　he　shall　pay　double　taxes。　And　if　there　happen　to　grow　any　dispute　upon　these　or　such　other　orders　as　shall　or　may　hereto　be　added　hereafter；　the　phylarchs　shall　judge　the　tribes；　and　the　Parliament　shall　judge　the　phylarchs。　For　the　rest；　if　any　man　shall　go　about　to　introduce　the　right　or　power　of　debate　into　any　popular　council　or　congregation　of　this　nation；　the　phylarch　or　any　magistrate　of　the　hundred；　or　of　the　tribe；　shall　cause　him　presently　to　be　sent　in　custody　to　the　Council　of　War。　　　　　The　part　of　the　order　relating　to　the　rolls　in　Emporium　being　of　singular　use；　is　not　unworthy　to　be　somewhat　better　opened。　In　what　manner　the　lists　of　the　parishes；　hundreds；　and　tribes　are　made；　has　been　shown　in　their　respective　orders；　where；　after　the　parties　are　elected；　they　give　an　account　of　the　whole　number　of　the　elders　or　deputies　in　their　respective　assemblies　or　musters；　the　like　for　this　part　exactly　is　done　by　the　youth　in　their　discipline　（to　be　hereafter　shown）　wherefore　the　lists　of　the　parishes；　youth　and　elders；　being　summed　up；　give　the　whole　number　of　the　people　able　to　bear　arms；　and　the　lists　of　the　tribes；　youth　and　elders；　being　summed　up；　give　the　whole　number　of　the　people　bearing　arms。　This　account；　being　annually　recorded　by　the　master　of　the　rolls；　is　called　the　〃Pillar　of　Nilus；〃　because　the　people；　being　the　riches　of　the　commonwealth；　as　they　are　found　to　rise　or　fall　by　the　degrees　of　this　pillar；　like　that　river；　give　an　account　of　the　public　harvest。　　　　　Thus　much　for　the　description　of　the　first　day's　work　at　the　muster；　which　happened　（as　has　been　shown）　to　be　done　as　soon　as　said；　for　as　in　practice　it　is　of　small　difficulty；　so　requires　it　not　much　time；　seeing　the　great　Council　of　Venice；　consisting　of　a　like　number；　begins　at　twelve　of　the　clock；　and　elects　nine　magistrates　in　one　afternoon。　But　the　tribe　being　dismissed　for　this　night；　repaired　to　their　quarters；　under　the　conduct　of　their　new　magistrates。　The　next　morning　returning　to　the　field　very　early；　the　orator　proceeded　to　　　　　　The　twelfth　order；　〃Directing　the　muster　of　the　tribe　in　the　second　day's　election；　being　that　of　the　list　called　the　galaxy；　in　which　the　censors　shall　prepare　the　urns　according　to　the　directions　given　in　the　ninth　order　for　the　second　ballot；　that　is　to　say；　with　thirty…six　gold　balls　in　the　middle　urn；　making　four　orders；　and　nine　electors　in　every　order；　according　to　the　number　of　the　magistrates　in　the　list　of　the　galaxy；　which　is　as　follows：

1。　Knight　2。　Knight　　　　　To　be　chosen　out　of　the　horse。　3。　Deputy　4。　Deputy　5。　Deputy　　　　　To　be　chosen　out　of　the　horse。　6。　Deputy　7。　Deputy　8。　Deputy　9。　Deputy　　　　　To　be　chosen　out　of　the　foot。


　　　　〃The　rest　of　the　ballot　shall　proceed　exactly　according　to　that　of　the　first　day。　But；　forasmuch　as　the　commonwealth　demands　as　well　the　fruits　of　a　man's　body　as　of　his　mind；　he　that　has　not　been　married　shall　not　be　capable　of　these　magistracies　till　he　be　married。　If　a　deputy　already　chosen　to　be　an　officer　in　the　parish；　in　the　hundred；　or　in　the　tribe；　be　afterward　chosen　of　the　galaxy；　it　shall　be　lawful　for　him　to　delegate　his　office　in　the　parish；　in　the　hundred；　or　in　the　tribe；　to　any　one　of　his　own　order　being　not　already　chosen　into　office。　The　knights　and　deputies　being　chosen；　shall　he　brought　to　the　head　of　the　tribe　by　the　lord　high　sheriff；　who　shall　administer　to　them　this　oath：　'Ye　shall　well　and　truly　observe　and　keep　the　orders　and　customs　of　this　commonwealth　which　the　people　have　chosen。'　And　if　any　of　them　shall　refuse　the　oath；　he　shall　be　rejected；　and　that　competitor　which　had　the　most　voices　next　shall　be　called　in　his　place；　who；　if　he　takes　the　oath；　shall　be　entered　in　the　list；　but　if　he　also　refuses　the　oath；　he　who　had　most　voices　next　shall　be　called；　and　so　till　the　number　of　nine　out　of　those　competitors　which　had　most　voices　be　sworn　knights　and　deputies　of　the　galaxy。　（This　clause；　in　regard　to　the　late　divisions；　and　to　the　end　that　no　violence　be　offered　to　any　man's　conscience；　to　be　of　force　but　for　the　first　three　years　only。）　The　knights　of　the　galaxy　being　elected　and　sworn；　are　to　repair；　by　the　Monday　next　ensuing　to　the　last　of　March；　to　the　Pantheon　or　palace　of　justice；　situated　in　the　metropolis　of　this　commonwealth　（except　the　Parliament；　by　reason　of　a　contagious　sickness；　or　some　other　occasion；　has　adjourned　to　another　part　of　the　nation）；　where　they　are　to　take　their　places　in　the　Senate；　and　continue　in　full　power　and　commission　as　senators　for　the　full　term　of　three　years　next　ensuing　the　date　of　their　election。　The　deputies　of　the　galaxy　are　to　repair　by　the　same　day　（except　as　before　excepted）　to　the　halo　situated　in　Emporium；　where　they　are　to　be　listed　of　the　prerogative　tribe；　or　equal　representative　of　the　people；　and　to　continue　in　full　power　and　commission　as　their　deputies　for　the　full　term　of　three　years　next　ensuing　their　election。　But；　forasmuch　as　the　term　of　every　magistracy　or　office　in　this　commonwealth　requires　an　equal　vacation；　a　knight　or　deputy　of　the　galaxy；　having　fulfilled　his　term　of　three　years；　shall　not　be　re…elected　into　the　same　galaxy　or　any　other；　till　he　has　also　fulfilled　his　three　years'　vacation。〃　　　　　Whoever　shall　rightly　consider　the　foregoing　orders；　will　be　as　little　able　to　find　how　it　is　possible　that　a　worshipful　knight　should　declare　himself　in　ale　and　beef　worthy　to　serve　his　country；　as　how　my　lord　high　sheriff's　honor；　in　case　he　were　protected　from　the　law；　could　play　the　knave。　But　though　the　foregoing　orders；　so　far　as　they　regard　the　constitution　of　the

Senate　and　the　people；　requiring　no　more　as　to　an　ordinary　election　than　is　therein　explained；　that　is　but　one…third　part　of　their　knights　and　deputies；　are　perfect；　yet　must　we　in　this　place；　and　as　to　the　institution；　of　necessity　erect　a　scaffold。　For　the　commonwealth　to　the　first　creation　of　her　councils　in　full　number；　required　thrice　as　many　as　are　eligible　by　the　foregoing　orders。　Wherefore　the　orator　whose　aid　in　this　place　was　most　necessary；　rightly　informing　the　people　of　the　reason；　stayed　them　two　days　longer　at　the　muster；　and　took　this　course。　One　list；　containing　two　knights　and　seven　deputies；　he　caused　to　be　chosen　upon　the　second　day；　which　list　being　called　the　first　galaxy；　qualified　the　parties　elected　of　it　with　power　for　the　term　of　one　year；　and　no　longer：　another　list；　containing　two　knights　and　seven　deputies　more；　he　caused　to　be　chosen　the　third　day；　which　list　being　called　the　second　galaxy；　qualified　the　parties　elected　of　it　with　power　for　the　term　of　two　years；　and　no　longer。　And　upon　the　fourth　day　he　chose　the　third　galaxy；　according　as　it　is　directed　by　the　order；　empowered　for　three　years；　which　lists　successively　falling　（like　the　signs　or　constellations　of　one　hemisphere；　which　setting；　cause　those　of　the　other　to　rise）　cast　the　great　orbs　of　this　commonwealth　into　an　annual；　triennial；　and　perpetual　revolution。　　　　　The　business　of　the　muster　being　thus　happily　finished；　Hermes　de　Caduceo；　lord　orator　of　the　tribe