the great controversy-µÚ124ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
earth£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡as¡¡are¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡that¡¡are¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡heard¡¡I¡¡saying£»
Blessing£»¡¡and¡¡honor£»¡¡and¡¡glory£»¡¡and¡¡power£»¡¡be¡¡unto¡¡Him¡¡that¡¡sitteth¡¡upon¡¡the
throne£»¡¡and¡¡unto¡¡the¡¡Lamb¡¡for¡¡ever¡¡and¡¡ever¡£¡¨¡¡Revelation¡¡5£º13¡£
The¡¡great¡¡controversy¡¡is¡¡ended¡£¡¡Sin¡¡and¡¡sinners¡¡are¡¡no¡¡more¡£¡¡The¡¡entire
universe¡¡is¡¡clean¡£¡¡One¡¡pulse¡¡of¡¡harmony¡¡and¡¡gladness¡¡beats¡¡through¡¡the¡¡vast
creation¡£¡¡From¡¡Him¡¡who¡¡created¡¡all£»¡¡flow¡¡life¡¡and¡¡light¡¡and¡¡gladness£»
throughout¡¡the¡¡realms¡¡of¡¡illimitable¡¡space¡£¡¡From¡¡the¡¡minutest¡¡atom¡¡to¡¡the
greatest¡¡world£»¡¡all¡¡things£»¡¡animate¡¡and¡¡inanimate£»¡¡in¡¡their¡¡unshadowed
beauty¡¡and¡¡perfect¡¡joy£»¡¡declare¡¡that¡¡God¡¡is¡¡love¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨679£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡APPENDIX
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡GENERAL¡¡NOTES
REVISIONS¡¡ADOPTED¡¡BY¡¡THE¡¡E¡£¡¡G¡£¡¡WHITE¡¡TRUSTEES¡¡NOVEMBER¡¡19£»¡¡1956£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AND¡¡DECEMBER¡¡6£»¡¡1979
PAGE¡¡50¡£¡¡TITLES¡£IN¡¡A¡¡PASSAGE¡¡WHICH¡¡IS¡¡INCLUDED¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡ROMAN¡¡CATHOLIC¡¡CANON
LAW£»¡¡OR¡¡CORPUS¡¡JURIS¡¡CANONICI£»¡¡POPE¡¡INNOCENT¡¡III¡¡DECLARES¡¡THAT¡¡THE¡¡ROMAN
PONTIFF¡¡IS¡¡¡¨THE¡¡VICEGERENT¡¡UPON¡¡EARTH£»¡¡NOT¡¡OF¡¡A¡¡MERE¡¡MAN£»¡¡BUT¡¡OF¡¡VERY¡¡GOD£»¡¨
AND¡¡IN¡¡A¡¡GLOSS¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡PASSAGE¡¡IT¡¡IS¡¡EXPLAINED¡¡THAT¡¡THIS¡¡IS¡¡BECAUSE¡¡HE¡¡IS¡¡THE
VICEGERENT¡¡OF¡¡CHRIST£»¡¡WHO¡¡IS¡¡¡¨VERY¡¡GOD¡¡AND¡¡VERY¡¡MAN¡£¡¨¡¡SEE¡¡DECRETALES¡¡DOMINI
GREGORII¡¡PAPAE¡¡IX¡¡£¨DECRETALS¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡LORD¡¡POPE¡¡GREGORY¡¡IX£©£»¡¡LIBER¡¡1£»¡¡DE
TRANSLATIONE¡¡EPISCOPORUM£»¡¡£¨ON¡¡THE¡¡TRANSFERENCE¡¡OF¡¡BISHOPS£©£»¡¡TITLE¡¡7£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡3£»
CORPUS¡¡JURIS¡¡CANONICI¡¡£¨2D¡¡LEIPZIG¡¡ED¡££»¡¡1881£©£»¡¡COL¡£¡¡99£»¡¡£¨PARIS£»¡¡1612£©£»¡¡TOM¡£
2£»¡¡DECRETALES£»¡¡COL¡£¡¡205¡£¡¡THE¡¡DOCUMENTS¡¡WHICH¡¡FORMED¡¡THE¡¡DECRETALS¡¡WERE
GATHERED¡¡BY¡¡GRATIAN£»¡¡WHO¡¡WAS¡¡TEACHING¡¡AT¡¡THE¡¡UNIVERSITY¡¡OF¡¡BOLOGNA¡¡ABOUT¡¡THE
YEAR¡¡1140¡£¡¡HIS¡¡WORK¡¡WAS¡¡ADDED¡¡TO¡¡AND¡¡RE¡EDITED¡¡BY¡¡POPE¡¡GREGORY¡¡IX¡¡IN¡¡AN
EDITION¡¡ISSUED¡¡IN¡¡1234¡£¡¡OTHER¡¡DOCUMENTS¡¡APPEARED¡¡IN¡¡SUCCEEDING¡¡YEARS¡¡FROM
TIME¡¡TO¡¡TIME¡¡INCLUDING¡¡THE¡¡EXTRAVAGANTES£»¡¡ADDED¡¡TOWARD¡¡THE¡¡CLOSE¡¡OF¡¡THE
FIFTEENTH¡¡CENTURY£»¡¡ALL¡¡OF¡¡THESE£»¡¡WITH¡¡GRATIAN'S¡¡DECRETUM£»¡¡WERE¡¡PUBLISHED¡¡AS
THE¡¡CORPUS¡¡JURIS¡¡CANONICI¡¡IN¡¡1582¡£¡¡POPE¡¡PIUS¡¡X¡¡AUTHORIZED¡¡THE¡¡CODIFICATION
IN¡¡CANON¡¡LAW¡¡IN¡¡1904£»¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡RESULTING¡¡CODE¡¡BECAME¡¡EFFECTIVE¡¡IN¡¡1918¡£
FOR¡¡THE¡¡TITLE¡¡¡¨LORD¡¡GOD¡¡THE¡¡POPE¡¨¡¡SEE¡¡A¡¡GLOSS¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡EXTRAVAGANTES¡¡OF¡¡POPE
JOHN¡¡XXII£»¡¡TITLE¡¡14£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡4£»¡¡DECLARAMUS¡£¡¡IN¡¡AN¡¡ANTWERP¡¡EDITION¡¡OF¡¡THE
EXTRAVAGANTES£»¡¡DATED¡¡1584£»¡¡THE¡¡WORDS¡¡¡¨DOMINUM¡¡DEUM¡¡NOSTRUM¡¡PAPAM¡¨¡¡£¨¡¨OUR¡¡LORD
GOD¡¡THE¡¡POPE¡¨£©¡¡OCCUR¡¡IN¡¡COLUMN¡¡153¡£¡¡IN¡¡A¡¡PARIS¡¡EDITION£»¡¡DATED¡¡1612£»¡¡THEY
OCCUR¡¡IN¡¡COLUMN¡¡140¡£¡¡IN¡¡SEVERAL¡¡EDITIONS¡¡PUBLISHED¡¡SINCE¡¡1612¡¡THE¡¡WORD
¡¨DEUM¡¨¡¡£¨¡¨GOD¡¨£©¡¡HAS¡¡BEEN¡¡OMITTED¡£
PAGE¡¡50¡£¡¡INFALLIBILITY¡£ON¡¡THE¡¡DOCTRINE¡¡OF¡¡INFALLIBILITY¡¡AS¡¡SET¡¡FORTH¡¡AT
THE¡¡VATICAN¡¡COUNCIL¡¡OF¡¡1870¡71£»¡¡SEE¡¡PHILIP¡¡SCHAFF£»¡¡THE¡¡CREEDS¡¡OF
CHRISTENDOM£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡2£»¡¡DOGMATIC¡¡DECREES¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡VATICAN¡¡COUNCIL£»¡¡PP¡£¡¡234¡271£»
WHERE¡¡BOTH¡¡THE¡¡LATIN¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡ENGLISH¡¡TEXTS¡¡ARE¡¡GIVEN¡£¡¡FOR¡¡DISCUSSION¡¡SEE£»
FOR¡¡THE¡¡ROMAN¡¡CATHOLIC¡¡VIEW£»¡¡THE¡¡CATHOLIC¡¡ENCYCLOPEDIA£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡7£»¡¡ART¡£
¡¨INFALLIBILITY£»¡¨¡¡BY¡¡PATRICK¡¡J¡£¡¡TONER£»¡¡P¡£¡¡790¡¡FF¡££»¡¡JAMES¡¡CARDINAL¡¡GIBBONS£»
THE¡¡FAITH¡¡OF¡¡OUR¡¡FATHERS¡¡£¨BALTIMORE£º¡¡JOHN¡¡MURPHY¡¡COMPANY£»¡¡110TH¡¡ED¡££»¡¡1917£©£»
CHS¡£¡¡7£»¡¡11¡£¡¡FOR¡¡ROMAN¡¡CATHOLIC¡¡OPPOSITION¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡DOCTRINE¡¡OF¡¡PAPAL
INFALLIBILITY£»¡¡SEE¡¡JOHANN¡¡JOSEPH¡¡IGNAZ¡¡VON¡¡DOLLINGER¡¡£¨PSEUDONYM¡¡¡¨JANUS¡¨£©¡¡THE
POPE¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡COUNCIL¡¡£¨NEW¡¡YORK£º¡¡CHARLES¡¡SCRIBNER'S¡¡SONS£»¡¡1869£©£»¡¡AND¡¡W¡£J¡£
SPARROW¡¡SIMPSON£»¡¡ROMAN¡¡CATHOLIC¡¡OPPOSITION¡¡TO¡¡PAPAL¡¡INFALLIBILITY¡¡£¨LONDON£º
JOHN¡¡MURRAY£»¡¡1909£©¡£¡¡FOR¡¡THE¡¡NON¡ROMAN¡¡VIEW£»¡¡SEE¡¡GEORGE¡¡SALMON£»¡¡INFALLIBILITY
OF¡¡THE¡¡CHURCH¡¡£¨LONDON£º¡¡JOHN¡¡MURRAY£»¡¡REV¡£¡¡ED¡££»¡¡1914£©¡£
680
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡GREAT¡¡CONTROVERSY
PAGE¡¡52¡£¡¡IMAGE¡¡WORSHIP¡£¡¨THE¡¡WORSHIP¡¡OF¡¡IMAGES¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡WAS¡¡ONE¡¡OF¡¡THOSE
CORRUPTIONS¡¡OF¡¡CHRISTIANITY¡¡WHICH¡¡CREPT¡¡INTO¡¡THE¡¡CHURCH¡¡STEALTHILY¡¡AND
ALMOST¡¡WITHOUT¡¡NOTICE¡¡OR¡¡OBSERVATION¡£¡¡THIS¡¡CORRUPTION¡¡DID¡¡NOT£»¡¡LIKE¡¡OTHER
HERESIES£»¡¡DEVELOP¡¡ITSELF¡¡AT¡¡ONCE£»¡¡FOR¡¡IN¡¡THAT¡¡CASE¡¡IT¡¡WOULD¡¡HAVE¡¡MET¡¡WITH
DECIDED¡¡CENSURE¡¡AND¡¡REBUKE£º¡¡BUT£»¡¡MAKING¡¡ITS¡¡COMMENCEMENT¡¡UNDER¡¡A¡¡FAIR
DISGUISE£»¡¡SO¡¡GRADUALLY¡¡WAS¡¡ONE¡¡PRACTICE¡¡AFTER¡¡ANOTHER¡¡INTRODUCED¡¡IN
CONNECTION¡¡WITH¡¡IT£»¡¡THAT¡¡THE¡¡CHURCH¡¡HAD¡¡BECOME¡¡DEEPLY¡¡STEEPED¡¡IN¡¡PRACTICAL
IDOLATRY£»¡¡NOT¡¡ONLY¡¡WITHOUT¡¡ANY¡¡EFFICIENT¡¡OPPOSITION£»¡¡BUT¡¡ALMOST¡¡WITHOUT¡¡ANY
DECIDED¡¡REMONSTRANCE£»¡¡AND¡¡WHEN¡¡AT¡¡LENGTH¡¡AN¡¡ENDEAVOR¡¡WAS¡¡MADE¡¡TO¡¡ROOT¡¡IT
OUT£»¡¡THE¡¡EVIL¡¡WAS¡¡FOUND¡¡TOO¡¡DEEPLY¡¡FIXED¡¡TO¡¡ADMIT¡¡OF¡¡REMOVAL¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡IT¡¡MUST
BE¡¡TRACED¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡IDOLATROUS¡¡TENDENCY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡HUMAN¡¡HEART£»¡¡AND¡¡ITS¡¡PROPENSITY
TO¡¡SERVE¡¡THE¡¡CREATURE¡¡MORE¡¡THAN¡¡THE¡¡CREATOR¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£
¡¨IMAGES¡¡AND¡¡PICTURES¡¡WERE¡¡FIRST¡¡INTRODUCED¡¡INTO¡¡CHURCHES£»¡¡NOT¡¡TO¡¡BE
WORSHIPED£»¡¡BUT¡¡EITHER¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡PLACE¡¡OF¡¡BOOKS¡¡TO¡¡GIVE¡¡INSTRUCTION¡¡TO¡¡THOSE¡¡WHO
COULD¡¡NOT¡¡READ£»¡¡OR¡¡TO¡¡EXCITE¡¡DEVOTION¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡MINDS¡¡OF¡¡OTHERS¡£¡¡HOW¡¡FAR¡¡THEY
EVER¡¡ANSWERED¡¡SUCH¡¡A¡¡PURPOSE¡¡IS¡¡DOUBTFUL£»¡¡BUT£»¡¡EVEN¡¡GRANTING¡¡THAT¡¡THIS¡¡WAS
THE¡¡CASE¡¡FOR¡¡A¡¡TIME£»¡¡IT¡¡SOON¡¡CEASED¡¡TO¡¡BE¡¡SO£»¡¡AND¡¡IT¡¡WAS¡¡FOUND¡¡THAT¡¡PICTURES
AND¡¡IMAGES¡¡BROUGHT¡¡INTO¡¡CHURCHES¡¡DARKENED¡¡RATHER¡¡THAN¡¡ENLIGHTENED¡¡THE¡¡MINDS
OF¡¡THE¡¡IGNORANTDEGRADED¡¡RATHER¡¡THAN¡¡EXALTED¡¡THE¡¡DEVOTION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡WORSHIPER¡£
SO¡¡THAT£»¡¡HOWEVER¡¡THEY¡¡MIGHT¡¡HAVE¡¡BEEN¡¡INTENDED¡¡TO¡¡DIRECT¡¡MEN'S¡¡MINDS¡¡TO¡¡GOD£»
THEY¡¡ENDED¡¡IN¡¡TURNING¡¡THEM¡¡FROM¡¡HIM¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡WORSHIP¡¡OF¡¡CREATED¡¡THINGS¡£¡¨J¡£
MENDHAM£»¡¡THE¡¡SEVENTH¡¡GENERAL¡¡COUNCIL£»¡¡THE¡¡SECOND¡¡OF¡¡NICAEA£»¡¡INTRODUCTION£»
PAGES¡¡III¡VI¡£
FOR¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡PROCEEDINGS¡¡AND¡¡DECISIONS¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡SECOND¡¡COUNCIL¡¡OF
NICAEA£»¡¡A¡£D¡£¡¡787£»¡¡CALLED¡¡TO¡¡ESTABLISH¡¡THE¡¡WORSHIP¡¡OF¡¡IMAGES£»¡¡SEE¡¡BARONIUS£»
ECCLESIASTICAL¡¡ANNALS£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡9£»¡¡PP¡£¡¡391¡407¡¡£¨ANTWERP£»¡¡1612£©£»¡¡J¡£¡¡MENDHAM£»¡¡THE
SEVENTH¡¡GENERAL¡¡COUNCIL£»¡¡THE¡¡SECOND¡¡OF¡¡NICAEA£»¡¡ED¡£¡¡STILLINGFLEET£»¡¡DEFENSE¡¡OF
THE¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡CONCERNING¡¡THE¡¡IDOLATRY¡¡PRACTICED¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡CHURCH¡¡OF¡¡ROME
£¨LONDON£»¡¡1686£©£»¡¡A¡¡SELECT¡¡LIBRARY¡¡OF¡¡NICENE¡¡AND¡¡POST¡NICENE¡¡FATHERS£»¡¡2D
SERIES£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡14£»¡¡PP¡£¡¡521¡587¡¡£¨NEW¡¡YORK£»¡¡1900£©£»¡¡CHARLES¡¡J¡£¡¡HEFELE£»¡¡A¡¡HISTORY
OF¡¡THE¡¡COUNCILS¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡CHURCH£»¡¡FROM¡¡THE¡¡ORIGINAL¡¡DOCUMENTS£»¡¡B¡£¡¡18£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡1£»
SECS¡£¡¡332£»¡¡333£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡2£»¡¡SECS¡£
345¡352¡¡£¨T¡£¡¡AND¡¡T¡£¡¡CLARK¡¡ED¡££»¡¡1896£©£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡5£»¡¡PP¡£¡¡260¡304£»¡¡342¡372¡£
PAGE¡¡53¡£¡¡THE¡¡SUNDAY¡¡LAW¡¡OF¡¡CONSTANTINE¡£THE¡¡LAW¡¡ISSUED¡¡BY¡¡THE¡¡EMPEROR
CONSTANTINE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡SEVENTH¡¡OF¡¡MARCH£»¡¡A¡£D¡£¡¡321£»¡¡REGARDING¡¡A¡¡DAY¡¡OF¡¡REST¡¡FROM
LABOR£»¡¡READS¡¡THUS£º
¡¨ALL¡¡JUDGES¡¡AND¡¡CITY¡¡PEOPLE¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡CRAFTSMEN¡¡SHALL¡¡REST¡¡UPON¡¡THE¡¡VENERABLE
DAY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡SUN¡£¡¡COUNTRY¡¡PEOPLE£»¡¡HOWEVER£»¡¡MAY¡¡FREELY¡¡ATTEND¡¡TO¡¡THE
CULTIVATION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡FIELDS£»¡¡BECAUSE¡¡IT¡¡FREQUENTLY¡¡HAPPENS¡¡THAT¡¡NO¡¡OTHER¡¡DAYS
ARE¡¡BETTER¡¡ADAPTED¡¡FOR¡¡PLANTING¡¡THE¡¡GRAIN¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡FURROWS¡¡OR¡¡THE¡¡VINES¡¡IN
TRENCHES¡£¡¡SO¡¡THAT¡¡THE¡¡ADVANTAGE¡¡GIVEN¡¡BY¡¡HEAVENLY¡¡PROVIDENCE¡¡MAY¡¡NOT¡¡FOR¡¡THE
OCCASION¡¡OF¡¡A¡¡SHORT¡¡TIME¡¡PERISH¡£¡¨JOSEPH¡¡CULLEN¡¡AYER£»¡¡A¡¡SOURCE¡¡BOOK¡¡FOR
ANCIENT¡¡CHURCH¡¡HISTORY¡¡£¨NEW¡¡YORK£º¡¡CHARLES¡¡SCRIBNER'S¡¡SONS£»¡¡1913£©£»¡¡DIV¡£¡¡2£»
PER¡£¡¡1£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡1£»¡¡SEC¡£¡¡59£»¡¡G£»¡¡PP¡£¡¡284£»¡¡285¡£
THE¡¡LATIN¡¡ORIGINAL¡¡IS¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡CODEX¡¡JUSTINIANI¡¡£¨CODEX¡¡OF¡¡JUSTINIAN£©£»¡¡LIB¡£¡¡3£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡681
TITLE¡¡12£»¡¡LEX¡£¡¡3¡£¡¡THE¡¡LAW¡¡IS¡¡GIVEN¡¡IN¡¡LATIN¡¡AND¡¡IN¡¡ENGLISH¡¡TRANSLATION¡¡IN
PHILIP¡¡SCHAFF'S¡¡HISTORY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡CHRISTIAN¡¡CHURCH£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡3£»¡¡3D¡¡PERIOD£»¡¡CH¡£¡¡7£»
SEC¡£¡¡75£»¡¡P¡£¡¡380£»¡¡FOOTNOTE¡¡1£»¡¡AND¡¡IN¡¡JAMES¡¡A¡£¡¡HESSEY'S¡¡BAMPTON¡¡LECTURES£»
SUNDAY£»¡¡LECTURE¡¡3£»¡¡PAR¡£¡¡1£»¡¡3D¡¡ED¡££»¡¡MURRAY'S¡¡PRINTING¡¡OF¡¡1866£»¡¡P¡£¡¡58¡£¡¡SEE
DISCUSSION¡¡IN¡¡SCHAFF£»¡¡AS¡¡ABOVE¡¡REFERRED¡¡TO£»¡¡IN¡¡ALBERT¡¡HENRY¡¡NEWMAN£»¡¡A¡¡MANUAL
OF¡¡CHURCH¡¡HISTORY¡¡£¨PHILADELPHIA£º¡¡THE¡¡AMERICAN¡¡BAPTIST¡¡PUBLICATION¡¡SOCIETY£»
PRINTING¡¡OF¡¡1933£©£»¡¡REV¡£¡¡ED¡££»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡1£»¡¡PP¡£
305¡307£»¡¡AND¡¡IN¡¡LEROY¡¡E¡£¡¡FROOM£»¡¡THE¡¡PROPHETIC¡¡FAITH¡¡OF¡¡OUR¡¡FATHERS
£¨WASHINGTON£»¡¡D¡£C¡££º¡¡REVIEW¡¡AND¡¡HERALD¡¡PUBLISHING¡¡ASSN¡££»¡¡1950£©£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡1£»¡¡PP
376¡381¡£
PAGE¡¡54¡£¡¡PROPHETIC¡¡DATES¡£AN¡¡IMPORTANT¡¡PRINCIPLE¡¡IN¡¡PROPHETIC
INTERPRETATION¡¡IN¡¡CONNECTION¡¡WITH¡¡TIME¡¡PROPHECIES¡¡IS¡¡THE¡¡YEAR¡DAY¡¡PRINCIPLE£»
UNDER¡¡WHICH¡¡A¡¡DAY¡¡OF¡¡PROPHETIC¡¡TIME¡¡IS¡¡COUNTED¡¡AS¡¡A¡¡CALENDAR¡¡YEAR¡¡OF
HISTORIC¡¡TIME¡£¡¡BEFORE¡¡THE¡¡ISRAELITES¡¡ENTERED¡¡THE¡¡LAND¡¡OF¡¡CANAAN¡¡THEY¡¡SENT
TWELVE¡¡SPIES¡¡AHEAD¡¡TO¡¡INVESTIGATE¡£¡¡THE¡¡SPIES¡¡WERE¡¡GONE¡¡FORTY¡¡DAYS£»¡¡AND¡¡UPON
THEIR¡¡RETURN¡¡THE¡¡HEBREWS£»¡¡FRIGHTENED¡¡AT¡¡THEIR¡¡REPORT£»¡¡REFUSED¡¡TO¡¡GO¡¡UP¡¡AND
OCCUPY¡¡THE¡¡PROMISED¡¡LAND¡£¡¡THE¡¡RESULT¡¡WAS¡¡A¡¡SENTENCE¡¡THE¡¡LORD¡¡PASSED¡¡UPON
THEM£º¡¡¡¨AFTER¡¡THE¡¡NUMBER¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡DAYS¡¡IN¡¡WHICH¡¡YE¡¡SEARCHED¡¡THE¡¡LAND£»¡¡EVEN
FORTY¡¡DAYS£»¡¡EACH¡¡DAY¡¡FOR¡¡A¡¡YEAR£»¡¡SHALL¡¡YE¡¡BEAR¡¡YOUR¡¡INIQUITIES£»¡¡EVEN¡¡FORTY
YEARS¡£¡¨¡¡NUMBERS¡¡14£º34¡£¡¡A¡¡SIMILAR¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡COMPUTING¡¡FUTURE¡¡TIME¡¡IS
INDICATED¡¡THROUGH¡¡THE¡¡PROPHET¡¡EZEKIEL¡£¡¡FORTY¡¡YEARS¡¡OF¡¡PUNISHMENT¡¡FOR
INIQUITIES¡¡AWAITED¡¡THE¡¡KINGDOM¡¡OF¡¡JUDAH¡£¡¡THE¡¡LORD¡¡SAID¡¡THROUGH¡¡THE¡¡PROPHET£º
¡¨LIE¡¡AGAIN¡¡ON¡¡THY¡¡RIGHT¡¡SIDE£»¡¡AND¡¡THOU¡¡SHALT¡¡BEAR¡¡THE¡¡INIQUITY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡HOUSE
OF¡¡JUDAH¡¡FORTY¡¡DAYS£º¡¡I¡¡HAVE¡¡APPOINTED¡¡THEE¡¡EACH¡¡DAY¡¡FOR¡¡A¡¡YEAR¡£¡¨¡¡EZEKIEL
4£º6¡£¡¡THIS¡¡YEAR¡DAY¡¡PRINCIPLE¡¡HAS¡¡AN¡¡IMPORTANT¡¡APPLICATION¡¡IN¡¡INTERPRETING
THE¡¡TIME¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡PROPHECY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡¡¨TWO¡¡THOUSAND¡¡AND¡¡THREE¡¡HUNDRED¡¡EVENINGS¡¡AND
MORNINGS¡¨¡¡£¨DANIEL¡¡8£º14£»¡¡R¡£V¡££©¡¡AND¡¡THE
1260¡DAY¡¡PERIOD£»¡¡VARIOUSLY¡¡INDICATED¡¡AS¡¡¡¨A¡¡TIME¡¡AND¡¡TIMES¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡DIVIDING
OF¡¡TIME¡¨¡¡£¨DANIEL¡¡7£º25£©£»¡¡THE¡¡¡¨FORTY¡¡AND¡¡TWO¡¡MONTHS¡¨¡¡£¨REVELATION¡¡11£º2£»¡¡13£º5£©£»
AND¡¡THE¡¡¡¨THOUSAND¡¡TWO¡¡HUNDRED¡¡AND¡¡THREESCORE¡¡DAYS¡¨¡¡£¨REVELATION¡¡11£º3£»¡¡12£º6£©¡£
PAGE¡¡56¡£¡¡FORGED¡¡WRITINGS¡£AMONG¡¡THE¡¡DOCUMENTS¡¡THAT¡¡AT¡¡THE¡¡PRESENT¡¡TIME¡¡ARE
GENERALLY¡¡ADMITTED¡¡TO¡¡BE¡¡FORGERIES£»¡¡THE¡¡DONATION¡¡OF¡¡CONSTANTINE¡¡AND¡¡THE
PSEUDO¡ISIDORIAN¡¡DECRETALS¡¡ARE¡¡OF¡¡PRIMARY¡¡IMPORTANCE¡£¡¡¡¨THE¡¡'DONATION¡¡OF
CONSTANTINE'¡¡IS¡¡THE¡¡NAME¡¡TRADITIONALLY¡¡APPLIED£»¡¡SINCE¡¡THE¡¡LATER¡¡MIDDLE¡¡AGES£»
TO¡¡A¡¡DOCUMENT¡¡PURPORTING¡¡TO¡¡HAVE¡¡BEEN¡¡ADDRESSED¡¡BY¡¡CONSTANTINE¡¡THE¡¡GREAT¡¡TO
POPE¡¡SYLVESTER¡¡I£»¡¡WHICH¡¡IS¡¡FOUND¡¡FIRST¡¡IN¡¡A¡¡PARISIAN¡¡MANUSCRIPT¡¡£¨CODEX¡¡LAT¡£
2777£©¡¡OF¡¡PROBABLY¡¡THE¡¡BEGINNING¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡NINTH¡¡CENTURY¡£¡¡SINCE¡¡THE¡¡ELEVENTH
CENTURY¡¡IT¡¡HAS¡¡BEEN¡¡USED¡¡AS¡¡A¡¡POWERFUL¡¡ARGUMENT¡¡IN¡¡FAVOR¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡PAPAL
CLAIMS£»¡¡AND¡¡CONSEQUENTLY¡¡SINCE¡¡THE¡¡TWELFTH¡¡IT¡¡HAS¡¡BEEN¡¡THE¡¡SUBJECT¡¡OF¡¡A
VIGOROUS¡¡CONTROVERSY¡£¡¡AT¡¡THE¡¡SAME¡¡TIME£»¡¡BY¡¡RENDERING¡¡IT¡¡POSSIBLE¡¡TO¡¡REGARD
THE¡¡PAPACY¡¡AS¡¡A¡¡MIDDLE¡¡TERM¡¡BETWEEN¡¡THE¡¡ORIGINAL¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡MEDIEVAL¡¡ROMAN
EMPIRE£»¡¡AND¡¡THUS¡¡TO¡¡FORM¡¡A¡¡THEORETICAL¡¡BASIS¡¡OF¡¡CONTINUITY¡¡FOR¡¡THE¡¡RECEPTION
OF¡¡THE¡¡ROMAN¡¡LAW¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡MIDDLE¡¡AGES£»¡¡IT¡¡HAS¡¡HAD¡¡NO¡¡SMALL¡¡INFLUENCE¡¡UPON
SECULAR¡¡HISTORY¡£¡¨THE¡¡NEW
682
SCHAFF¡HERZOG¡¡ENCYCLOPEDIA¡¡OF¡¡RELIGIOUS¡¡KNOWLEDGE£»¡¡VOL¡£¡¡3£»¡¡ART¡£¡¡¡¨DONATION¡¡OF
CONSTANTINE£»¡¨¡¡PP¡£¡¡484£»¡¡485¡£
THE¡¡HISTORICAL¡¡THEORY¡¡DEVELOPED¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡¡¨DONATION¡¨¡¡IS¡¡FULLY¡¡DISCUSSED¡¡IN
HENRY¡¡E¡£¡¡CARDINAL¡¡MANNING'S¡¡THE¡¡TEMPORAL¡¡POWER¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡VICAR¡¡OF¡¡JESUS¡¡CHRIST£»
LONDON£»¡¡1862¡£¡¡THE¡¡ARGUMENTS¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡¡¨DONATION¡¨¡¡WERE¡¡OF¡¡A¡¡SCHOLASTIC¡¡TYPE£»¡¡AND
THE¡¡POSSIBILITY¡¡OF¡¡A¡¡FORGERY¡¡WAS¡¡NOT¡¡MENTIONED¡¡UNTIL¡¡THE¡¡RISE¡¡OF¡¡HISTORICAL
CRITICISM¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡FIFTEENTH¡¡CENTURY¡£¡¡NICHOLAS¡¡OF¡¡CUSA¡¡WAS¡¡AMONG¡¡THE¡¡FIRST¡¡TO
CONCLUDE¡¡THAT¡¡CONSTANTINE¡¡NEVER¡¡MADE¡¡ANY¡¡SUCH¡¡DONATION¡£¡¡LORENZA¡¡VALLA¡¡IN
ITALY¡¡GAVE¡¡A¡¡BRILLIANT¡¡DEMONSTRATION¡¡OF¡¡ITS¡¡SPURIOUSNESS¡¡IN¡¡1450¡£¡¡SEE
CHRISTOPHER¡¡B¡£¡¡COLEMAN'S¡¡TREATISE¡¡OF¡¡LORENZO¡¡VALLA¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡DONATION¡¡OF
CONSTANTINE¡¡£¨NEW¡¡YORK£»¡¡1927£©¡£¡¡FOR¡¡A¡¡CENTURY¡¡LONGER£»¡¡HOWEVER£»¡¡THE¡¡BELIEF¡¡IN
THE¡¡AUTHENTICITY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡¡¨DONATION¡¨¡¡AND¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡FALSE¡¡DECRETALS¡¡WAS¡¡KEPT
ALIVE¡£¡¡FOR¡¡EXAMPLE£»¡¡MARTIN¡¡LUTHER¡¡AT¡¡FIRST¡¡ACCEPTED¡¡THE¡¡DECRETALS£»¡¡BUT¡¡HE
SOON¡¡SAID¡¡TO¡¡ECK£º¡¡¡¨I¡¡IMPUGN¡¡THESE¡¡DECRETALS£»¡¨¡¡AND¡¡TO¡¡SPALATIN£º¡¡¡¨HE¡¡£§THE
POPE£§¡¡DOES¡¡IN¡¡HIS¡¡DECRETALS¡¡CORRUPT¡¡AND¡¡CRUCIFY¡¡CHRIST£»¡¡THAT¡¡IS£»¡¡THE¡¡TRUTH¡£¡¨
IT¡¡IS¡¡DEEMED¡¡ESTABLISHED¡¡THAT¡¡THE¡¡¡¨DONATION¡¨¡¡IS¡¡£¨1£©¡¡A¡¡FORGERY£»¡¡£¨2£©¡¡THE¡¡WORK
OF¡¡ONE¡¡MAN¡¡OR¡¡PERIOD£»¡¡£¨3£©¡¡THE¡¡FORGER¡¡HAS¡¡MADE¡¡USE¡¡OF¡¡OLDER¡¡DOCUMENTS£»¡¡£¨4£©
THE¡¡FORGERY¡¡ORIGINATED¡¡AROUND¡¡752¡¡AND¡¡778¡£¡¡AS¡¡FOR¡¡THE¡¡CATHOLICS£»¡¡THEY
ABANDONED¡¡THE¡¡DEFENSE¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡AUTHENTICITY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡DOCUMENT¡¡WITH¡¡BARONIUS£»
ECCLESIASTICAL¡¡ANNALS£»¡¡IN¡¡1592¡£¡¡CONSULT¡¡FOR¡¡THE¡¡BEST¡¡TEXT£»¡¡K¡£¡¡ZEUMER£»¡¡IN¡¡THE
FESTGABE¡¡FUR¡¡RUDOLF¡¡