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patriarchs and prophets-µÚ56ÕÂ

С˵£º patriarchs and prophets ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

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fourth¡¡generation¡¡of¡¡them¡¡that¡¡hate¡¡Me¡£¡¨¡¡It¡¡is¡¡inevitable¡¡that¡¡children
should¡¡suffer¡¡from¡¡the¡¡consequences¡¡of¡¡parental¡¡wrongdoing£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not
punished¡¡for¡¡the¡¡parents'¡¡guilt£»¡¡except¡¡as¡¡they¡¡participate¡¡in¡¡their¡¡sins¡£
It¡¡is¡¡usually¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡however£»¡¡that¡¡children¡¡walk¡¡in¡¡the¡¡steps¡¡of¡¡their
parents¡£¡¡By¡¡inheritance¡¡and¡¡example¡¡the¡¡sons¡¡become¡¡partakers¡¡of¡¡the
father's¡¡sin¡£¡¡Wrong¡¡tendencies£»¡¡perverted¡¡appetites£»¡¡and¡¡debased¡¡morals£»¡¡as
well¡¡as¡¡physical¡¡disease¡¡and¡¡degeneracy£»¡¡are¡¡transmitted¡¡as¡¡a¡¡legacy¡¡from
father¡¡to¡¡son£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡third¡¡and¡¡fourth¡¡generation¡£¡¡This¡¡fearful¡¡truth¡¡should
have¡¡a¡¡solemn¡¡power¡¡to¡¡restrain¡¡men¡¡from¡¡following¡¡a¡¡course¡¡of¡¡sin¡£

¡¨Showing¡¡mercy¡¡unto¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡them¡¡that¡¡love¡¡Me£»¡¡and¡¡keep¡¡My
commandments¡£¡¨¡¡In¡¡prohibiting¡¡the¡¡worship¡¡of¡¡false¡¡gods£»¡¡the¡¡second
commandment¡¡by¡¡implication¡¡enjoins¡¡the¡¡worship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡true¡¡God¡£¡¡And¡¡to¡¡those
who¡¡are¡¡faithful¡¡in¡¡His¡¡service£»¡¡mercy¡¡is¡¡promised£»¡¡not¡¡merely¡¡to¡¡the¡¡third
and¡¡fourth¡¡generation¡¡as¡¡is¡¡the¡¡wrath¡¡threatened¡¡against¡¡those¡¡who¡¡hate¡¡Him£»
but¡¡to¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡generations¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡take¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡thy¡¡God¡¡in¡¡vain£º¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡will
not¡¡hold¡¡him¡¡guiltless¡¡that¡¡taketh¡¡His¡¡name¡¡in¡¡vain¡£¡¨

This¡¡commandment¡¡not¡¡only¡¡prohibits¡¡false¡¡oaths¡¡and¡¡common¡¡swearing£»¡¡but¡¡it
forbids¡¡us¡¡to¡¡use¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡God¡¡in¡¡a¡¡light¡¡or¡¡careless¡¡manner£»¡¡without
regard¡¡to¡¡its¡¡awful¡¡significance¡£¡¡By¡¡the¡¡thoughtless¡¡mention¡¡of¡¡God¡¡in
common¡¡conversation£»¡¡by¡¡appeals¡¡to¡¡Him¡¡in¡¡trivial¡¡matters£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡the
frequent¡¡and

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡307

thoughtless¡¡repetition¡¡of¡¡His¡¡name£»¡¡we¡¡dishonor¡¡Him¡£¡¡¡¨Holy¡¡and¡¡reverend¡¡is
His¡¡name¡£¡¨¡¡Psalm¡¡111£º9¡£¡¡All¡¡should¡¡meditate¡¡upon¡¡His¡¡majesty£»¡¡His¡¡purity¡¡and
holiness£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡may¡¡be¡¡impressed¡¡with¡¡a¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡His¡¡exalted
character£»¡¡and¡¡His¡¡holy¡¡name¡¡should¡¡be¡¡uttered¡¡with¡¡reverence¡¡and¡¡solemnity¡£

¡¨Remember¡¡the¡¡Sabbath¡¡day£»¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡it¡¡holy¡£¡¡Six¡¡days¡¡shalt¡¡thou¡¡labor£»¡¡and
do¡¡all¡¡thy¡¡work£º¡¡but¡¡the¡¡seventh¡¡day¡¡is¡¡the¡¡Sabbath¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡thy¡¡God£º¡¡in
it¡¡thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡do¡¡any¡¡work£»¡¡thou£»¡¡nor¡¡thy¡¡son£»¡¡nor¡¡thy¡¡daughter£»¡¡thy
manservant£»¡¡nor¡¡thy¡¡maidservant£»¡¡nor¡¡thy¡¡cattle£»¡¡nor¡¡thy¡¡stranger¡¡that¡¡is
within¡¡thy¡¡gates£º¡¡for¡¡in¡¡six¡¡days¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡made¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth£»¡¡the¡¡sea£»
and¡¡all¡¡that¡¡in¡¡them¡¡is£»¡¡and¡¡rested¡¡the¡¡seventh¡¡day£º¡¡wherefore¡¡the¡¡Lord
blessed¡¡the¡¡Sabbath¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡hallowed¡¡it¡£¡¨

The¡¡Sabbath¡¡is¡¡not¡¡introduced¡¡as¡¡a¡¡new¡¡institution¡¡but¡¡as¡¡having¡¡been
founded¡¡at¡¡creation¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡remembered¡¡and¡¡observed¡¡as¡¡the¡¡memorial¡¡of
the¡¡Creator's¡¡work¡£¡¡Pointing¡¡to¡¡God¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Maker¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heavens¡¡and¡¡the
earth£»¡¡it¡¡distinguishes¡¡the¡¡true¡¡God¡¡from¡¡all¡¡false¡¡gods¡£¡¡All¡¡who¡¡keep¡¡the
seventh¡¡day¡¡signify¡¡by¡¡this¡¡act¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡worshipers¡¡of¡¡Jehovah¡£¡¡Thus
the¡¡Sabbath¡¡is¡¡the¡¡sign¡¡of¡¡man's¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡God¡¡as¡¡long¡¡as¡¡there¡¡are¡¡any
upon¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡to¡¡serve¡¡Him¡£¡¡The¡¡fourth¡¡commandment¡¡is¡¡the¡¡only¡¡one¡¡of¡¡all
the¡¡ten¡¡in¡¡which¡¡are¡¡found¡¡both¡¡the¡¡name¡¡and¡¡the¡¡title¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lawgiver¡£¡¡It
is¡¡the¡¡only¡¡one¡¡that¡¡shows¡¡by¡¡whose¡¡authority¡¡the¡¡law¡¡is¡¡given¡£¡¡Thus¡¡it
contains¡¡the¡¡seal¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡affixed¡¡to¡¡His¡¡law¡¡as¡¡evidence¡¡of¡¡its¡¡authenticity
and¡¡binding¡¡force¡£

God¡¡has¡¡given¡¡me¡¡six¡¡days¡¡wherein¡¡to¡¡labor£»¡¡and¡¡He¡¡requires¡¡that¡¡their¡¡own
work¡¡be¡¡done¡¡in¡¡the¡¡six¡¡working¡¡days¡£¡¡Acts¡¡of¡¡necessity¡¡and¡¡mercy¡¡are
permitted¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Sabbath£»¡¡the¡¡sick¡¡and¡¡suffering¡¡are¡¡at¡¡all¡¡times¡¡to¡¡be
cared¡¡for£»¡¡but¡¡unnecessary¡¡labor¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡strictly¡¡avoided¡£¡¡¡¨Turn¡¡away¡¡thy
foot¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Sabbath£»¡¡from¡¡doing¡¡thy¡¡pleasure¡¡on¡¡My¡¡holy¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡call¡¡the
Sabbath¡¡a¡¡delight£»¡¡the¡¡holy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lord£»¡¡honorable£»¡¡and¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡honor¡¡Him£»¡¡not
doing¡¡thine¡¡own¡¡ways£»¡¡nor¡¡finding¡¡thine¡¡own¡¡pleasure¡£¡¨¡¡Isaiah¡¡58£º13¡£¡¡Nor
does¡¡the¡¡prohibition¡¡end¡¡here¡£¡¡¡¨Nor¡¡speaking¡¡thine¡¡own¡¡words£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡the
prophet¡£¡¡Those¡¡who¡¡discuss¡¡business¡¡matters¡¡or¡¡lay¡¡plans¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Sabbath¡¡are
regarded¡¡by¡¡God¡¡as¡¡though¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡transaction¡¡of¡¡business¡£¡¡To
keep¡¡the¡¡Sabbath¡¡holy£»¡¡we¡¡should¡¡not¡¡even¡¡allow¡¡our¡¡minds¡¡to¡¡dwell¡¡upon
things¡¡of¡¡a¡¡worldly¡¡character¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡commandment¡¡includes¡¡all¡¡within¡¡our
gates¡£¡¡The¡¡inmates¡¡of¡¡the

308

house¡¡are¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡aside¡¡their¡¡worldly¡¡business¡¡during¡¡the¡¡sacred¡¡hours¡£¡¡All
should¡¡unite¡¡to¡¡honor¡¡God¡¡by¡¡willing¡¡service¡¡upon¡¡His¡¡holy¡¡day¡£

¡¨Honor¡¡thy¡¡father¡¡and¡¡thy¡¡mother£º¡¡that¡¡thy¡¡days¡¡may¡¡be¡¡long¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡land
which¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡thy¡¡God¡¡giveth¡¡thee¡£¡¨

Parents¡¡are¡¡entitled¡¡to¡¡a¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡love¡¡and¡¡respect¡¡which¡¡is¡¡due¡¡to¡¡no
other¡¡person¡£¡¡God¡¡Himself£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡placed¡¡upon¡¡them¡¡a¡¡responsibility¡¡for¡¡the
souls¡¡committed¡¡to¡¡their¡¡charge£»¡¡has¡¡ordained¡¡that¡¡during¡¡the¡¡earlier¡¡years
of¡¡life£»¡¡parents¡¡shall¡¡stand¡¡in¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡God¡¡to¡¡their¡¡children¡£¡¡And¡¡he
who¡¡rejects¡¡the¡¡rightful¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡his¡¡parents¡¡is¡¡rejecting¡¡the¡¡authority
of¡¡God¡£¡¡The¡¡fifth¡¡commandment¡¡requires¡¡children¡¡not¡¡only¡¡to¡¡yield¡¡respect£»
submission£»¡¡and¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡their¡¡parents£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡to¡¡give¡¡them¡¡love¡¡and
tenderness£»¡¡to¡¡lighten¡¡their¡¡cares£»¡¡to¡¡guard¡¡their¡¡reputation£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡succor
and¡¡comfort¡¡them¡¡in¡¡old¡¡age¡£¡¡It¡¡also¡¡enjoins¡¡respect¡¡for¡¡ministers¡¡and
rulers¡¡and¡¡for¡¡all¡¡others¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡God¡¡has¡¡delegated¡¡authority¡£

This£»¡¡says¡¡the¡¡apostle£»¡¡¡¨is¡¡the¡¡first¡¡commandment¡¡with¡¡promise¡£¡¨¡¡Ephesians
6£º2¡£¡¡To¡¡Israel£»¡¡expecting¡¡soon¡¡to¡¡enter¡¡Canaan£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡pledge¡¡to¡¡the
obedient£»¡¡of¡¡long¡¡life¡¡in¡¡that¡¡good£»¡¡land£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡has¡¡a¡¡wider¡¡meaning£»
including¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Israel¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡promising¡¡eternal¡¡life¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡earth
when¡¡it¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡freed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡curse¡¡of¡¡sin¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡kill¡£¡¨

All¡¡acts¡¡of¡¡injustice¡¡that¡¡tend¡¡to¡¡shorten¡¡life£»¡¡the¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡hatred¡¡and
revenge£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡indulgence¡¡of¡¡any¡¡passion¡¡that¡¡leads¡¡to¡¡injurious¡¡acts
toward¡¡others£»¡¡or¡¡causes¡¡us¡¡even¡¡to¡¡wish¡¡them¡¡harm¡¡£¨for¡¡¡¨whosoever¡¡hateth
his¡¡brother¡¡is¡¡a¡¡murderer¡¨£©£»¡¡a¡¡selfish¡¡neglect¡¡of¡¡caring¡¡for¡¡the¡¡needy¡¡or
suffering£»¡¡all¡¡self¡­indulgence¡¡or¡¡unnecessary¡¡deprivation¡¡or¡¡excessive¡¡labor
that¡¡tends¡¡to¡¡injure¡¡healthall¡¡these¡¡are£»¡¡to¡¡a¡¡greater¡¡or¡¡less¡¡degree£»
violations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sixth¡¡commandment¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡commit¡¡adultery¡£¡¨

This¡¡commandment¡¡forbids¡¡not¡¡only¡¡acts¡¡of¡¡impurity£»¡¡but¡¡sensual¡¡thoughts¡¡and
desires£»¡¡or¡¡any¡¡practice¡¡that¡¡tends¡¡to¡¡excite¡¡them¡£¡¡Purity¡¡is¡¡demanded¡¡not
only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡outward¡¡life¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡secret¡¡intents¡¡and¡¡emotions¡¡of¡¡the
heart¡£¡¡Christ£»¡¡who¡¡taught¡¡the¡¡far¡­reaching¡¡obligation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡God£»
declared¡¡the¡¡evil¡¡thought¡¡or¡¡look¡¡to¡¡be¡¡as¡¡truly¡¡sin¡¡as¡¡is¡¡the¡¡unlawful
deed¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡steal¡£¡¨

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡309


Both¡¡public¡¡and¡¡private¡¡sins¡¡are¡¡included¡¡in¡¡this¡¡prohibition¡£¡¡The¡¡eighth
commandment¡¡condemns¡¡manstealing¡¡and¡¡slave¡¡dealing£»¡¡and¡¡forbids¡¡wars¡¡of
conquest¡£¡¡It¡¡condemns¡¡theft¡¡and¡¡robbery¡£¡¡It¡¡demands¡¡strict¡¡integrity¡¡in¡¡the
minutest¡¡details¡¡of¡¡the¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡life¡£¡¡It¡¡forbids¡¡overreaching¡¡in¡¡trade£»
and¡¡requires¡¡the¡¡payment¡¡of¡¡just¡¡debts¡¡or¡¡wages¡£¡¡It¡¡declares¡¡that¡¡every
attempt¡¡to¡¡advantage¡¡oneself¡¡by¡¡the¡¡ignorance£»¡¡weakness£»¡¡or¡¡misfortune¡¡of
another¡¡is¡¡registered¡¡as¡¡fraud¡¡in¡¡the¡¡books¡¡of¡¡heaven¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡bear¡¡false¡¡witness¡¡against¡¡thy¡¡neighbor¡£¡¨

False¡¡speaking¡¡in¡¡any¡¡matter£»¡¡every¡¡attempt¡¡or¡¡purpose¡¡to¡¡deceive¡¡our
neighbor£»¡¡is¡¡here¡¡included¡£¡¡An¡¡intention¡¡to¡¡deceive¡¡is¡¡what¡¡constitutes
falsehood¡£¡¡By¡¡a¡¡glance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡eye£»¡¡a¡¡motion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hand£»¡¡an¡¡expression¡¡of
the¡¡countenance£»¡¡a¡¡falsehood¡¡may¡¡be¡¡told¡¡as¡¡effectually¡¡as¡¡by¡¡words¡£¡¡All
intentional¡¡overstatement£»¡¡every¡¡hint¡¡or¡¡insinuation¡¡calculated¡¡to¡¡convey¡¡an
erroneous¡¡or¡¡exaggerated¡¡impression£»¡¡even¡¡the¡¡statement¡¡of¡¡facts¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a
manner¡¡as¡¡to¡¡mislead£»¡¡is¡¡falsehood¡£¡¡This¡¡precept¡¡forbids¡¡every¡¡effort¡¡to
injure¡¡our¡¡neighbor's¡¡reputation¡¡by¡¡misrepresentation¡¡or¡¡evil¡¡surmising£»¡¡by
slander¡¡or¡¡tale¡¡bearing¡£¡¡Even¡¡the¡¡intentional¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡truth£»¡¡by¡¡which
injury¡¡may¡¡result¡¡to¡¡others£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡violation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ninth¡¡commandment¡£

¡¨Thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡covet¡¡thy¡¡neighbor's¡¡house£»¡¡thou¡¡shalt¡¡not¡¡covet¡¡thy
neighbor's¡¡wife£»¡¡nor¡¡his¡¡manservant£»¡¡nor¡¡his¡¡maidservant£»¡¡nor¡¡his¡¡ox£»¡¡nor
his¡¡ass£»¡¡nor¡¡anything¡¡that¡¡is¡¡thy¡¡neighbor's¡£¡¨

The¡¡tenth¡¡commandment¡¡strikes¡¡at¡¡the¡¡very¡¡root¡¡of¡¡all¡¡sins£»¡¡prohibiting¡¡the
selfish¡¡desire£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡springs¡¡the¡¡sinful¡¡act¡£¡¡He¡¡who¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to
God's¡¡law¡¡refrains¡¡from¡¡indulging¡¡even¡¡a¡¡sinful¡¡desire¡¡for¡¡that¡¡which
belongs¡¡to¡¡another¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡guilty¡¡of¡¡an¡¡act¡¡of¡¡wrong¡¡toward¡¡his¡¡fellow
creatures¡£

Such¡¡were¡¡the¡¡sacred¡¡precepts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Decalogue£»¡¡spoken¡¡amid¡¡thunder¡¡and
flame£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡wonderful¡¡display¡¡of¡¡the¡¡power¡¡and¡¡majesty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great
Lawgiver¡£¡¡God¡¡accompanied¡¡the¡¡proclamation¡¡of¡¡His¡¡law¡¡with¡¡exhibitions¡¡of
His¡¡power¡¡and¡¡glory£»¡¡that¡¡His¡¡people¡¡might¡¡never¡¡forget¡¡the¡¡scene£»¡¡and¡¡that
they¡¡might¡¡be¡¡impressed¡¡with¡¡profound¡¡veneration¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Author¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law£»
the¡¡Creator¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡£¡¡He¡¡would¡¡also¡¡show¡¡to¡¡all¡¡men¡¡the
sacredness£»¡¡the¡¡importance£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡permanence¡¡of¡¡His¡¡law¡£

The¡¡people¡¡of¡¡Israel¡¡were¡¡overwhelmed¡¡with¡¡terror¡£¡¡The¡¡awful¡¡power¡¡of¡¡God's
utterances¡¡seemed¡¡more¡¡than¡¡their¡¡trembling¡¡hearts¡¡could¡¡bear¡£¡¡For¡¡as¡¡God's
great¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡right¡¡was

310

presented¡¡before¡¡them£»¡¡they¡¡realized¡¡as¡¡never¡¡before¡¡the¡¡offensive¡¡character
of¡¡sin£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡own¡¡guilt¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡a¡¡holy¡¡God¡£¡¡They¡¡shrank¡¡away
from¡¡the¡¡mountain¡¡in¡¡fear¡¡and¡¡awe¡£¡¡The¡¡multitude¡¡cried¡¡out¡¡to¡¡Moses£»¡¡¡¨Speak
thou¡¡with¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡will¡¡hear£º¡¡but¡¡let¡¡not¡¡God¡¡speak¡¡with¡¡us£»¡¡lest¡¡we¡¡die¡£¡¨
The¡¡leader¡¡answered£»¡¡¡¨Fear¡¡not£º¡¡for¡¡God¡¡is¡¡come¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡you£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡His
fear¡¡may¡¡be¡¡before¡¡your¡¡faces£»¡¡that¡¡ye¡¡sin¡¡not¡£¡¨¡¡The¡¡people£»¡¡however£»
remained¡¡at¡¡a¡¡distance£»¡¡gazing¡¡in¡¡terror¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡scene£»¡¡while¡¡Moses¡¡¡¨drew
near¡¡unto¡¡the¡¡thick¡¡darkness¡¡where¡¡God¡¡was¡£¡¨

The¡¡minds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡blinded¡¡and¡¡debased¡¡by¡¡slavery¡¡and¡¡heathenism£»¡¡were
not¡¡prepared¡¡to¡¡appreciate¡¡fully¡¡the¡¡far¡­reaching¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡God's¡¡ten
precepts¡£¡¡That¡¡the¡¡obligations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Decalogue¡¡might¡¡be¡¡more¡¡fully
understood¡¡and¡¡enforced£»¡¡additional¡¡precepts¡¡were¡¡given£»¡¡illustrating¡¡and
applying¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ten¡¡Commandments¡£¡¡These¡¡laws¡¡were¡¡called
judgments£»¡¡both¡¡because¡¡they¡¡were¡¡framed¡¡in¡¡infinite¡¡wisdom¡¡and¡¡equity¡¡and
because¡¡the¡¡magistrates¡¡were¡¡to¡¡give¡¡judgment¡¡according¡¡to¡¡them¡£¡¡Unlike¡¡the
Ten¡¡Commandments£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡delivered¡¡privately¡¡to¡¡Moses£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡to
communicate¡¡them¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡£

The¡¡first¡¡of¡¡these¡¡laws¡¡related¡¡to¡¡servants¡£¡¡In¡¡ancient¡¡times¡¡criminals¡¡were
sometimes¡¡sold¡¡into¡¡slavery¡¡by¡¡the¡¡judges£»¡¡in¡¡some¡¡cases£»¡¡debtors¡¡were¡¡sold
by¡¡their¡¡creditors£»¡¡and¡¡poverty¡¡even¡¡led¡¡persons¡¡to¡¡sell¡¡themselves¡¡or¡¡their
children¡£¡¡But¡¡a¡¡Hebrew¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡sold¡¡as¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡for¡¡life¡£¡¡His¡¡term¡¡of
service¡¡was¡¡limited¡¡to¡¡six¡¡years£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡seventh¡¡he¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡set¡¡at
liberty¡£¡¡Manstealing£»¡¡deliberate¡¡murder£»¡¡and¡¡rebellion¡¡against¡¡parental
authority¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡punished¡¡with¡¡death¡£¡¡The¡¡holding¡¡of¡¡slaves¡¡not¡¡of
Israelitish¡¡birth¡¡was¡¡permitted£»¡¡but¡¡their¡¡life¡¡and¡¡person¡¡were¡¡strictly
guarded¡£¡¡The¡¡murderer¡¡of¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡punished£»¡¡an¡¡injury¡¡inflicted
upon¡¡one¡¡by¡¡his¡¡master£»¡¡though¡¡no¡¡more¡¡than¡¡the¡¡loss¡¡of¡¡a¡¡tooth£»¡¡entitled
him¡¡to¡¡his¡¡freedom¡£

The¡¡Israelites¡¡had¡¡lately¡¡been¡¡servants¡¡themselves£»¡¡and¡¡now¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were
to¡¡have¡¡servants¡¡under¡¡them£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡to¡¡beware¡¡of¡¡indulging¡¡the¡¡spirit¡¡of
cruelty¡¡and¡¡exaction¡¡from¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had¡¡suffered¡¡under¡¡their¡¡Egyptian
taskmasters¡£¡¡The¡¡memory¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡bitter¡¡servitude¡¡should¡¡enable¡¡them¡¡to
put¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡the¡¡servant's¡¡place£»¡¡leading¡¡them¡¡to¡¡be¡¡kind¡¡and

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