theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及19嫗
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by the Pharisees�察�so far as I am aware�察�and�察�although certain myths in the
fourth book of Ezra are repeated in the Talmud�察�they must not be set down
to the Pharisees�察�for all but the most ignorant admit that they have been
added by some trifler�此 �in fact�察 �I think�察 �someone must have made such
additions with a view to casting ridicule on all the traditions of the sect。
��60�� Perhaps these four books were written out and published at the
time I have mentioned with a view to showing the people that the
prophecies of Daniel had been fulfilled�察�and thus kindling their piety�察�and
awakening a hope of future deliverance in the midst of their misfortunes。
��61�� In spite of their recent origin�察�the books before us contain many errors�察�
due�察�I suppose�察�to the haste with which they were written。 ��62�� Marginal
readings�察�such as I have mentioned in the last chapter�察�are found here as
elsewhere�察 �and in even greater abundance�察 �there are�察 �moreover�察 �certain
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passages which can only be accounted for by supposing some such cause
as hurry。
��63�� However�察�before calling attention to the marginal readings�察�I will
remark that�察 �if the Pharisees are right in supposing them to have been
ancient�察�and the work of the original scribes�察�we must perforce admit that
these scribes ��if there were more than one�� set them down because they
found that the text from which they were copying was inaccurate�察�and did
yet not venture to alter what was written by their predecessors and
superiors。 ��64�� I need not again go into the subject at length�察 �and will�察�
therefore�察 �proceed to mention some discrepancies not noticed in the
margin。
��65�� I。 Some error has crept into the text of the second chapter of Ezra�察�
for in verse 64 we are told that the total of all those mentioned in the rest
of the chapter amounts to 42��360�察�but�察�when we come to add up the several
items we get as result only 29��818。 ��66�� There must�察�therefore�察�be an error�察�
either in the total�察�or in the details。 ��67�� The total is probably correct�察�for it
would most likely be well known to all as a noteworthy thing�察�but with the
details�察�the case would be different。 ��68�� If�察�then�察�any error had crept into
the total�察�it would at once have been remarked�察�and easily corrected。 ��69��
This view is confirmed by Nehemiah vii。�察 �where this chapter of Ezra is
mentioned�察 �and a total is given in plain correspondence thereto�察 �but the
details are altogether different ´ some are larger�察�and some less�察�than those
in Ezra�察 �and altogether they amount to 31��089。 ��70�� We may�察 �therefore�察�
conclude that both in Ezra and in Nehemiah the details are erroneously
given。 ��71�� The commentators who attempt to harmonize these evident
contradictions draw on their imagination�察 �each to the best of his ability�察�
and while professing adoration for each letter and word of Scripture�察�only
succeed in holding up the sacred writers to ridicule�察�as though they knew
not how to write or relate a plain narrative。 ��72�� Such persons effect
nothing but to render the clearness of Scripture obscure。 ��73�� If the Bible
could everywhere be interpreted after their fashion�察 �there would be no
such thing as a rational statement of which the meaning could be relied on。
��74�� However�察 �there is no need to dwell on the subject�察 �only I am
convinced that if any historian were to attempt to imitate the proceedings
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freely attributed to the writers of the Bible�察�the commentators would cover
him with contempt。 ��75�� If it be blasphemy to assert that there are any
errors in Scripture�察 �what name shall we apply to those who foist into it
their own fancies�察�who degrade the sacred writers till they seem to write
confused nonsense�察�and who deny the plainest and most evident meanings�拭�
��76�� What in the whole Bible can be plainer than the fact that Ezra and his
companions�察 �in the second chapter of the book attributed to him�察 �have
given in detail the reckoning of all the Hebrews who set out with them for
Jerusalem�拭。�77�� This is proved by the reckoning being given�察�not only of
those who told their lineage�察�but also of those who were unable to do so。
��78�� Is it not equally clear from Nehemiah vii��5�察 �that the writer merely
there copies the list given in Ezra�拭 。�79�� Those�察 �therefore�察 �who explain
these pas sages otherwise�察�deny the plain meaning of Scripture ´ nay�察�they
deny Scripture itself。 ��80�� They think it pious to reconcile one passage of
Scripture with another ´ a pretty piety�察�forsooth�察�which accommodates the
clear passages to the obscure�察 �the correct to the faulty�察 �the sound to the
corrupt。
��81�� Far be it from me to call such commentators blasphemers�察�if their
motives be pure�此�for to err is human。 But I return to my subject。
��82�� Besides these errors in numerical details�察�there are others in the
genealogies�察 �in the history�察 �and�察 �I fear also in the prophecies。 ��83�� The
prophecy of Jeremiah ��chap。 xxii。���察�concerning Jechoniah�察�evidently does
not agree with his history�察�as given in I Chronicles iii��17´19�察�and especially
with the last words of the chapter�察�nor do I see how the prophecy�察 �thou
shalt die in peace�察─�can be applied to Zedekiah�察�whose eyes were dug out
after his sons had been slain before him。 ��84�� If prophecies are to be
interpreted by their issue�察 �we must make a change of name�察 �and read
Jechoniah for Zedekiah�察�and vice versa ��85�� This�察�however�察�would be too
paradoxical a proceeding�察 �so I prefer to leave the matter unexplained�察�
especially as the error�察�if error there be�察�must be set down to the historian�察�
and not to any fault in the authorities。
��86�� Other difficulties I will not touch upon�察�as I should only weary the
reader�察�and�察�moreover�察�be repeating the remarks of other writers。 ��87�� For
R。 Selomo�察�in face of the manifest contradiction in the above´mentioned
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genealogies�察 �is compelled to break forth into these words ��see his
commentary on 1 Chron。 viii。���此 �Ezra ��whom he supposes to be the author
of the book of Chronicles�� gives different names and a different genealogy
to the sons of Benjamin from those which we find in Genesis�察 �and
describes most of the Levites differently from Joshua�察 �because he found
original discrepancies。; ��88�� And�察�again�察�a little later�此 �The genealogy of
Gibeon and others is described twice in different ways�察 �from different
tables of each genealogy�察 �and in writing them down Ezra adopted the
version given in the majority of the texts�察 �and when the authority was
equal he gave both。; ��89�� Thus granting that these books were compiled
from sources originally incorrect and uncertain。
��90�� In fact the commentators�察 �in seeking to harmonize difficulties�察�
generally do no more than indicate their causes�此 �for I suppose no sane
person supposes that the sacred historians deliberately wrote with the
object of appearing to contradict themselves freely。 ��91�� Perhaps I shall be
told that I am overthrowing the authority of Scripture�察�for that�察�according
to me�察�anyone may suspect it of error in any passage�察�but�察�on the contrary�察�
I have shown that my object has been to prevent the clear and uncorrupted
passages being accommodated to and corrupted by the faulty ones�察�neither
does the fact that some passages are corrupt warrant us in suspecting all。
��92�� No book ever was completely free from faults�察�yet I would ask�察�who
suspects all books to be everywhere faulty�拭。�93�� Surely no one�察�especially
when the phraseology is clear and the intention of the author plain。
��94�� I have now finished the task I set myself with respect to the books
of the Old Testament。 ��95�� We may easily conclude from what has been
said�察�that before the time of the Maccabees there was no canon of sacred
books�察。�Endnote 23�В察�but that those which we now possess were selected
from a multitude of others at the period of the restoration of the Temple by
the Pharisees ��who also instituted the set form of prayers���察�who are alone
responsible for their acceptance。 ��96�� Those�察 �therefore�察 �who would
demonstrate the authority of Holy Scripture�察 �are bound to show the
authority of each separate book�察�it is not enough to prove the Divine origin
of a single book in order to infer the Divine origin of the rest。 ��97�� In that
case we should have to assume that the council of Pharisees was�察 �in its
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choice of books�察�infallible�察�and this could never be proved。 ��98�� I am led to
assert that the Pharisees alone selected the books of the Old Testament�察�
and inserted them in the canon�察 �from the fact that in Daniel ii。 is
proclaimed the doctrine of the Resurrection�察�which the Sadducees denied�察�
and�察�furthermore�察�the Pharisees plainly assert in the Talmud that they so
selected them。 ��99�� For in the treatise of Sabbathus�察�chapter ii。�察�folio 30�察�
page 2�察�it is written�此�R。 Jehuda�察�surnamed Rabbi�察�reports that the experts
wished to conceal the book of Ecclesiastes because they found therein
words opposed to the law ��that is�察�to the book of the law of Moses��。 ��100��
Why did they not hide it�拭。�101�� Because it begins in accordance with the
law�察�and ends according to the law�察─�and a little further on we read�此 �They
sought also to conceal the book of Proverbs。; ��102�� And in the first
chapter of the same treatise�察 �fol。 13�察 �page 2�此 �Verily�察 �name one man for
good�察�even he who was called Neghunja�察�t