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the essays of montaigne, v2-及8嫗

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brought it ready made along with him from Paris�察�the very day it was to
have been pronounced�察�the Pope�察�fearing something might be said that
might give offence to the other princes' ambassadors who were there
attending on him�察�sent to acquaint the King with the argument which he
conceived most suiting to the time and place�察�but�察�by chance�察�quite
another thing to that Monsieur de Poyet had taken so much pains about�此�so
that the fine speech he had prepared was of no use�察�and he was upon the
instant to contrive another�察�which finding himself unable to do�察�Cardinal
du Bellay was constrained to perform that office。  The pleader's part is��
doubtless�察�much harder than that of the preacher�察�and yet�察�in my opinion��
we see more passable lawyers than preachers�察�at all events in France。
It should seem that the nature of wit is to have its operation prompt and
sudden�察�and that of judgment to have it more deliberate and more slow。
But he who remains totally silent�察�for want of leisure to prepare himself
to speak well�察�and he also whom leisure does noways benefit to better
speaking�察�are equally unhappy。

'Tis said of Severus Cassius that he spoke best extempore�察�that he stood
more obliged to fortune than to his own diligence�察�that it was an
advantage to him to be interrupted in speaking�察�and that his adversaries
were afraid to nettle him�察�lest his anger should redouble his eloquence。
I know�察�experimentally�察�the disposition of nature so impatient of tedious
and elaborate premeditation�察�that if it do not go frankly and gaily to
work�察�it can perform nothing to purpose。  We say of some compositions
that they stink of oil and of the lamp�察�by reason of a certain rough
harshness that laborious handling imprints upon those where it has been
employed。  But besides this�察�the solicitude of doing well�察�and a certain
striving and contending of a mind too far strained and overbent upon its
undertaking�察�breaks and hinders itself like water�察�that by force of its
own pressing violence and abundance�察�cannot find a ready issue through
the neck of a bottle or a narrow sluice。  In this condition of nature��
of which I am now speaking�察�there is this also�察�that it would not be
disordered and stimulated with such passions as the fury of Cassius ��for
such a motion would be too violent and rude���察�it would not be jostled��
but solicited�察�it would be roused and heated by unexpected�察�sudden�察�and
accidental occasions。  If it be left to itself�察�it flags and languishes��
agitation only gives it grace and vigour。  I am always worst in my own
possession�察�and when wholly at my own disposition�此�accident has more
title to anything that comes from me than I�察�occasion�察�company�察�and even
the very rising and falling of my own voice�察�extract more from my fancy
than I can find�察�when I sound and employ it by myself。  By which means��
the things I say are better than those I write�察�if either were to be
preferred�察�where neither is worth anything。  This�察�also�察�befalls me�察�that
I do not find myself where I seek myself�察�and I light upon things more by
chance than by any inquisition of my own judgment。  I perhaps sometimes
hit upon something when I write�察�that seems quaint and sprightly to me��
though it will appear dull and heavy to another。But let us leave these
fine compliments�察�every one talks thus of himself according to his
talent。  But when I come to speak�察�I am already so lost that I know not
what I was about to say�察�and in such cases a stranger often finds it out
before me。  If I should make erasure so often as this inconvenience
befalls me�察�I should make clean work�察�occasion will�察�at some other time��
lay it as visible to me as the light�察�and make me wonder what I should
stick at。




CHAPTER XI

OF PROGNOSTICATIONS

For what concerns oracles�察�it is certain that a good while before the
coming of Jesus Christ they had begun to lose their credit�察�for we see
that Cicero troubled to find out the cause of their decay�察�and he has
these words��

          ;Cur isto modo jam oracula Delphis non eduntur��
          non modo nostro aetate�察�sed jam diu�察�ut nihil
          possit esse contemptius�拭�

     �А�What is the reason that the oracles at Delphi are no longer
     uttered�此�not merely in this age of ours�察�but for a long time past��
     insomuch that nothing is more in contempt�拭�
     Cicero�察�De Divin。�察�ii。 57。��

But as to the other prognostics�察�calculated from the anatomy of beasts at
sacrifices ��to which purpose Plato does�察�in part�察�attribute the natural
constitution of the intestines of the beasts themselves���察�the
scraping of poultry�察�the flight of birds

          ;Aves quasdam 。  。  。  rerum augurandarum
          causa natas esse putamus。;

     �А�We think some sorts of birds are purposely created to serve
     the purposes of augury。;Cicero�察�De Natura Deor。�察�ii。 64。��

claps of thunder�察�the overflowing of rivers

          ;Multa cernunt Aruspices�察�multa Augures provident��
          multa oraculis declarantur�察�multa vaticinationibus��
          multa somniis�察�multa portentis。;

     ��The Aruspices discern many things�察�the Augurs foresee many things��
     many things are announced by oracles�察�many by vaticinations�察�many by
     dreams�察�many by portents。;Cicero�察�De Natura Deor。�察�ii。 65。��

and others of the like nature�察�upon which antiquity founded most of
their public and private enterprises�察�our religion has totally abolished
them。  And although there yet remain amongst us some practices of
divination from the stars�察�from spirits�察�from the shapes and complexions
of men�察�from dreams and the like ��a notable example of the wild curiosity
of our nature to grasp at and anticipate future things�察�as if we had not
enough to do to digest the present��

               ;Cur hanc tibi�察�rector Olympi��
               Sollicitis visum mortalibus addere curam��
               Noscant venturas ut dira per omina clades�拭�。。。
               Sit subitum�察�quodcumque paras�察�sit coeca futuri
               Mens hominum fati�察�liceat sperare timenti。;

     �А�Why�察�ruler of Olympus�察�hast thou to anxious mortals thought fit to
     add this care�察�that they should know by�察�omens future slaughter�拭�。。
     Let whatever thou art preparing be sudden。  Let the mind of men be
     blind to fate in store�察�let it be permitted to the timid to hope。;
     Lucan�察�ii。 14��

               ;Ne utile quidem est scire quid futurum sit��
               miserum est enim�察�nihil proficientem angi�察�

     �А�It is useless to know what shall come to pass�察�it is a miserable
     thing to be tormented to no purpose。;
     Cicero�察�De Natura Deor。�察�iii。 6。��

yet are they of much less authority now than heretofore。  Which makes so
much more remarkable the example of Francesco�察�Marquis of Saluzzo�察�who
being lieutenant to King Francis I。 in his ultramontane army�察�infinitely
favoured and esteemed in our court�察�and obliged to the king's bounty for
the marquisate itself�察�which had been forfeited by his brother�察�and as to
the rest�察�having no manner of provocation given him to do it�察�and even
his own affection opposing any such disloyalty�察�suffered himself to be so
terrified�察�as it was confidently reported�察�with the fine prognostics that
were spread abroad everywhere in favour of the Emperor Charles V。�察�and to
our disadvantage ��especially in Italy�察�where these foolish prophecies
were so far believed�察�that at Rome great sums of money were ventured out
upon return of greater�察�when the prognostics came to pass�察�so certain
they made themselves of our ruin���察�that�察�having often bewailed�察�to those
of his acquaintance who were most intimate with him�察�the mischiefs that
he saw would inevitably fall upon the Crown of France and the friends he
had in that court�察�he revolted and turned to the other side�察�to his own
misfortune�察�nevertheless�察�what constellation soever governed at that
time。  But he carried himself in this affair like a man agitated by
divers passions�察�for having both towns and forces in his hands�察�the
enemy's army under Antonio de Leyva close by him�察�and we not at all
suspecting his design�察�it had been in his power to have done more than he
did�察�for we lost no men by this infidelity of his�察�nor any town�察�but
Fossano only�察�and that after a long siege and a brave defence。 ��1536��

                   ;Prudens futuri temporis exitum
                    Caliginosa nocte premit Deus��
                    Ridetque�察�si mortalis ultra
                    Fas trepidat。;

     �А�A wise God covers with thick night the path of the future�察�and
     laughs at the man who alarms himself without reason。;
     Hor。��Od。�察�iii。  29。��

                    ;Ille potens sui
                    Laetusque deget�察�cui licet in diem
                    Dixisse vixi�  �cras vel atra
                    Nube polum pater occupato��
                    Vel sole puro。;

     �А�He lives happy and master of himself who can say as each day
     passes on�察�'I HAVE LIVED��' whether to´morrow our Father shall give
     us a clouded sky or a clear day。;Hor。�察�Od。�察�iii。 29��

                    Laetus in praesens animus�察�quod ultra est��
                    Oderit curare。;

     �А�A mind happy�察�cheerful in the present state�察�will take good care
     not to think of what is beyond it。Ibid。�察�ii。 25��

And those who take this sentence in a contrary sense interpret it amiss��

               ;Ista sic reciprocantur�察�ut et si divinatio sit��
               dii sint�察�et si dii lint�察�sit divinatio。;

     �А�These things are so far reciprocal that if there be divination��
     there must be deities�察�and if deities�察�divination。;Cicero�察�De
     Divin。�察�i。 6。��

Much more wisely Pacuvius

          Nam istis�察�qui linguam avium intelligunt��
          Plusque ex alieno jecore sapiunt�察�quam ex suo��
          Magis audiendum�察�quam auscultandum�察�censeo。;


     �А�As to those who understand the language of birds�察�and who rather
     consult the livers of animals other than their own�察�I had rather
     hear them than attend to them。;
     Cicero�察�De Divin。�察�i。 57�察�ex Pacuvio��

The so celebrated art of divination amongst the Tuscans took its
beginning thus�此�A labourer striking deep with his cutter into the earth��
saw the demigod Tages ascend�察�with an infantine aspect�察�but endued with a
mature and senile wisdom。  Upon the rumour of which�察�all the people ran
to see the sight�察�by whom his words and science�察�containing the
principles and means to attain to this art�察�were recorded�察�and kept for
many ages。��Cicero�察�De Devina�察�ii。 23�А�A birth suitable to its
progress�察�I�察�for my part�察�should sooner regulate my affairs by the chance
of a die than by such idle and vain dreams。  And�察�indeed�察�in all
republics�察�a good share of the government has ever been referred to
chance。  Plato�察�in the civil regimen that he models according to his own
fancy�察�leaves to it the decision of several things of very great
importance�察�and will�察�amongst other things�察�that marriages should be
appointed by lot�察�attributing so great importance to this accidental
choice as to ordain that the children begotten in such wedlock be brought
up in the country�察�and those begotten in any other be thrust out as
spurious and base�察�yet so�察�that if any of those exiles�察�notwithstanding��
shou

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