握握弌傍利 > 凪麿窮徨慕 > part19 >

及5嫗

part19-及5嫗

弌傍�� part19 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




consideration。







        ;I TOO AM AN EPICUREAN;




        _To William Short�察�with a Syllabus_

        _Monticello�察�October 31�察�1819_




        DEAR SIR�察 �Your favor of the 21st is received。  My late

illness�察�in which you are so kind as to feel an interest�察�was

produced by a spasmodic stricture of the ilium�察�which came upon me on

the 7th inst。  The crisis was short�察�passed over favorably on the

fourth day�察�and I should soon have been well but that a dose of

calomel and jalap�察�in which were only eight or nine grains of the

former�察�brought on a salivation。  Of this�察�however�察�nothing now

remains but a little soreness of the mouth。  I have been able to get

on horseback for three or four days past。




        As you say of yourself�察�I too am an Epicurian。  I consider the

genuine ��not the imputed�� doctrines of Epicurus as containing

everything rational in moral philosophy which Greece and Rome have

left us。  Epictetus indeed�察�has given us what was good of the stoics��

all beyond�察�of their dogmas�察�being hypocrisy and grimace。  Their

great crime was in their calumnies of Epicurus and misrepresentations

of his doctrines�察�in which we lament to see the candid character of

Cicero engaging as an accomplice。  Diffuse�察�vapid�察�rhetorical�察�but

enchanting。  His prototype Plato�察�eloquent as himself�察�dealing out

mysticisms incomprehensible to the human mind�察�has been deified by

certain sects usurping the name of Christians�察�because�察�in his foggy

conceptions�察�they found a basis of impenetrable darkness whereon to

rear fabrications as delirious�察�of their own invention。  These they

fathered blasphemously on him whom they claimed as their founder�察�but

who would disclaim them with the indignation which their caricatures

of his religion so justly excite。  Of Socrates we have nothing

genuine but in the Memorabilia of Xenophon�察�for Plato makes him one

of his Collocutors merely to cover his own whimsies under the mantle

of his name�察�a liberty of which we are told Socrates himself

complained。  Seneca is indeed a fine moralist�察�disfiguring his work

at times with some Stoicisms�察�and affecting too much of antithesis

and point�察�yet giving us on the whole a great deal of sound and

practical morality。  But the greatest of all the reformers of the

depraved religion of his own country�察�was Jesus of Nazareth。

Abstracting what is really his from the rubbish in which it is

buried�察�easily distinguished by its lustre from the dross of his

biographers�察�and as separable from that as the diamond from the

dunghill�察�we have the outlines of a system of the most sublime

morality which has ever fallen from the lips of man�察�outlines which

it is lamentable he did not live to fill up。  Epictetus and Epicurus

give laws for governing ourselves�察�Jesus a supplement of the duties

and charities we owe to others。  The establishment of the innocent

and genuine character of this benevolent moralist�察�and the rescuing

it from the imputation of imposture�察�which has resulted from

artificial systems�察。�*�� invented by ultra´Christian sects��

unauthorized by a single word ever uttered by him�察�is a most

desirable object�察�and one to which Priestley has successfully devoted

his labors and learning。  It would in time�察�it is to be hoped�察�effect

a quiet euthanasia of the heresies of bigotry and fanaticism which

have so long triumphed over human reason�察�and so generally and deeply

afflicted mankind�察�but this work is to be begun by winnowing the

grain from the chaff of the historians of his life。  I have sometimes

thought of translating Epictetus ��for he has never been tolerable

translated into English�� by adding the genuine doctrines of Epicurus

from the Syntagma of Gassendi�察�and an abstract from the Evangelists

of whatever has the stamp of the eloquence and fine imagination of

Jesus。  The last I attempted too hastily some twelve or fifteen years

ago。  It was the work of two or three nights only�察�at Washington��

after getting through the evening task of reading the letters and

papers of the day。  But with one foot in the grave�察�these are now

idle projects for me。  My business is to beguile the wearisomeness of

declining life�察�as I endeavor to do�察�by the delights of classical

reading and of mathematical truths�察�and by the consolations of a

sound philosophy�察�equally indifferent to hope and fear。




        ��*�� _e。 g。_ The immaculate conception of Jesus�察�his

deification�察�the creation of the world by him�察�his miraculous powers��

his resurrection and visible ascension�察�his corporeal presence in the

Eucharist�察�the Trinity�察�original sin�察�atonement�察�regeneration��

election�察�orders of Hierarchy�察�&c。




        I take the liberty of observing that you are not a true

disciple of our master Epicurus�察�in indulging the indolence to which

you say you are yielding。  One of his canons�察�you know�察�was that ;the

indulgence which prevents a greater pleasure�察�or produces a greater

pain�察�is to be avoided。; Your love of repose will lead�察�in its

progress�察�to a suspension of healthy exercise�察�a relaxation of mind��

an indifference to everything around you�察�and finally to a debility

of body�察�and hebetude of mind�察�the farthest of all things from the

happiness which the well´regulated indulgences of Epicurus ensure��

fortitude�察�you know�察�is one of his four cardinal virtues。  That

teaches us to meet and surmount difficulties�察�not to fly from them��

like cowards�察�and to fly�察�too�察�in vain�察�for they will meet and arrest

us at every turn of our road。  Weigh this matter well�察�brace yourself

up�察�take a seat with Correa�察�and come and see the finest portion of

your country�察�which�察�if you have not forgotten�察�you still do not

know�察�because it is no longer the same as when you knew it。  It will

add much to the happiness of my recovery to be able to receive Correa

and yourself�察�and prove the estimation in which I hold you both。

Come�察�too�察�and see our incipient University�察�which has advanced with

great activitiy this year。  By the end of the next�察�we shall have

elegant accommodations for seven professors�察�and the year following

the professors themselves。  No secondary character will be received

among them。  Either the ablest which America or Europe can furnish��

or none at all。  They will give us the selected society of a great

city separated from the dissipations and levities of its ephemeral

insects。




        I am glad the bust of Condorcet has been saved and so well

placed。  His genius should be before us�察�while the lamentable�察�but

singular act of ingratitude which tarnished his latter days�察�may be

thrown behind us。




        I will place under this a syllabus of the doctrines of

Epicurus�察�somewhat in the lapidary style�察�which I wrote some twenty

years ago�察�a like one of the philosophy of Jesus�察�of nearly the same

age�察�is too long to be copied。  _Vale�察�et tibi persuade carissimum te

esse mihi_。




        _Syllabus of the doctrines of Epicurus。_




        _Physical_。  The Universe eternal。

        Its parts�察�great and small�察�interchangeable。

        Matter and Void alone。

        Motion inherent in matter which is weighty and declining。

        Eternal circulation of the elements of bodies。

        Gods�察�an order of beings next superior to man�察�enjoying in

their sphere�察�their own felicities�察�but not meddling with the

concerns of the scale of beings below them。

        _Moral_。  Happiness the aim of life。

        Virtue the foundation of happiness。

        Utility the test of virtue。

        Pleasure active and In´do´lent。

        In´do´lence is the absence of pain�察�the true felicity。

        Active�察�consists in agreeable motion�察�it is not happiness�察�but

the means to produce it。

        Thus the absence of hunger is an article of felicity�察�eating

the means to obtain it。

        The _summum bonum_ is to be not pained in body�察�nor troubled in

mind。

        _i。 e。_ In´do´lence of body�察�tranquillity of mind。

        To procure tranquillity of mind we must avoid desire and fear��

the two principal diseases of the mind。

        Man is a free agent。

        Virtue consists in 1。 Prudence。 2。 Temperance。 3。 Fortitude。 4。

Justice。

        To which are opposed�察�1。 Folly。 2。 Desire。 3。 Fear。 4。 Deceit。







        ;A FIRE BELL IN THE NIGHT;




        _To John Holmes_

        _Monticello�察�April 22�察�1820_




        I thank you�察�dear Sir�察�for the copy you have been so kind as to

send me of the letter to your constituents on the Missouri question。

It is a perfect justification to them。  I had for a long time ceased

to read newspapers�察�or pay any attention to public affairs�察�confident

they were in good hands�察�and content to be a passenger in our bark to

the shore from which I am not distant。  But this momentous question��

like a fire bell in the night�察�awakened and filled me with terror。  I

considered it at once as the knell of the Union。  It is hushed��

indeed�察�for the moment。  But this is a reprieve only�察�not a final

sentence。  A geographical line�察�coinciding with a marked principle��

moral and political�察�once conceived and held up to the angry passions

of men�察�will never be obliterated�察�and every new irritation will mark

it deeper and deeper。  I can say�察�with conscious truth�察�that there is

not a man on earth who would sacrifice more than I would to relieve

us from this heavy reproach�察�in any _practicable_ way。  The cession

of that kind of property�察�for so it is misnamed�察�is a bagatelle which

would not cost me a second thought�察�if�察�in that way�察�a general

emancipation and _expatriation_ could be effected�察�and gradually�察�and

with due sacrifices�察�I think it might be。  But as it is�察�we have the

wolf by the ears�察�and we can neither hold him�察�nor safely let him go。

Justice is in one scale�察�and self´preservation in the other。  Of one

thing I am certain�察�that as the passage of slaves from one State to

another�察�would not make a slave of a single human being who would not

be so without it�察�so their diffusion over a greater surface would

make them individually happier�察�and proportionally facilitate the

accomplishment of their emancipation�察�by dividing the burthen on a

greater number of coadjutors。  An abstinence too�察�from this act of

power�察�would remove the jealousy excited by the undertaking of

Congress to regulate the condition of the different descriptions of

men composing a State。  This certainly is the exclusive right of

every State�察�which nothing in the constitution has taken from them

and given to the General Government。  Could Congress�察�for example��

say�察�that the non´freemen of Connecticut shall be freemen�察�or that

they shall not emigrate into any other State��




        I regret that I am now to die in the belief�察�that the useless

sacrifice of themselves by the generation of 1776�察�to acquire

self´government and happiness to their country�察�is to be thrown away

by the unwise and unworthy passions of their sons�察�and tha

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議