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understood the contents of the book�察�and well did they correspond 

with all those ideas in which I had indulged connected with the 

Danes。  For the book was a book of ballads�察�about the deeds of 

knights and champions�察�and men of huge stature�察�ballads which from 

time immemorial had been sung in the North�察�and which some two 

centuries before the time of which I am speaking had been collected 

by one Anders Vedel�察�who lived with a certain Tycho Brahe�察�and 

assisted him in making observations upon the heavenly bodies�察�at a 

place called Uranias Castle�察�on the little island of Hveen�察�in the 

Cattegat。







CHAPTER XXIII







The two individuals ´ The long pipe ´ The Germans ´ Werther ´ The 

female Quaker ´ Suicide ´ Gibbon ´ Jesus of Bethlehem ´ Fill your 

glass ´ Shakespeare ´ English at Minden ´ Melancholy Swayne Vonved 

´ The fifth dinner ´ Strange doctrines ´ Are you happy�拭 � Improve 

yourself in German。



IT might be some six months after the events last recorded�察�that 

two individuals were seated together in a certain room�察�in a 

certain street of the old town which I have so frequently had 

occasion to mention in the preceding pages�察�one of them was an 

elderly�察�and the other a very young man�察�and they sat on either 

side of a fireplace�察�beside a table on which were fruit and wine�察�

the room was a small one�察�and in its furniture exhibited nothing 

remarkable。  Over the mantelpiece�察�however�察�hung a small picture 

with naked figures in the foreground�察�and with much foliage behind。  

It might not have struck every beholder�察�for it looked old and 

smoke´dried�察�but a connoisseur�察�on inspecting it closely�察�would 

have pronounced it to be a judgment of Paris�察�and a masterpiece of 

the Flemish school。



The forehead of the elder individual was high�察�and perhaps appeared 

more so than it really was�察�from the hair being carefully brushed 

back�察�as if for the purpose of displaying to the best advantage 

that part of the cranium�察�his eyes were large and full�察�and of a 

light brown�察�and might have been called heavy and dull�察�had they 

not been occasionally lighted up by a sudden gleam ´ not so 

brilliant however as that which at every inhalation shone from the 

bowl of the long clay pipe which he was smoking�察�but which�察�from a 

certain sucking sound which about this time began to be heard from 

the bottom�察�appeared to be giving notice that it would soon require 

replenishment from a certain canister�察�which�察�together with a 

lighted taper�察�stood upon the table beside him。



'You do not smoke��' said he�察�at length�察�laying down his pipe�察�and 

directing his glance to his companion。



Now there was at least one thing singular connected with this last�察�

namely�察�the colour of his hair�察�which�察�notwithstanding his extreme 

youth�察�appeared to be rapidly becoming gray。  He had very long 

limbs�察�and was apparently tall of stature�察�in which he differed 

from his elderly companion�察�who must have been somewhat below the 

usual height。



'No�察�I can't smoke��' said the youth�察�in reply to the observation of 

the other�察�'I have often tried�察�but could never succeed to my 

satisfaction。'



'Is it possible to become a good German without smoking��' said the 

senior�察�half speaking to himself。



'I daresay not��' said the youth�察�'but I shan't break my heart on 

that account。'



'As for breaking your heart�察�of course you would never think of 

such a thing�察�he is a fool who breaks his heart on any account�察�but 

it is good to be a German�察�the Germans are the most philosophic 

people in the world�察�and the greatest smokers�此 �now I trace their 

philosophy to their smoking。'



'I have heard say their philosophy is all smoke ´ is that your 

opinion��'



'Why�察�no�察�but smoking has a sedative effect upon the nerves�察�and 

enables a man to bear the sorrows of this life ��of which every one 

has his share�� not only decently�察�but dignifiedly。  Suicide is not 

a national habit in Germany as it is in England。'



'But that poor creature�察�Werther�察�who committed suicide�察�was a 

German。'



'Werther is a fictitious character�察�and by no means a felicitous 

one�察�I am no admirer either of Werther or his author。  But I should 

say that�察�if there ever was a Werther in Germany�察�he did not smoke。  

Werther�察�as you very justly observe�察�was a poor creature。'



'And a very sinful one�察�I have heard my parents say that suicide is 

a great crime。'



'Broadly�察�and without qualification�察�to say that suicide is a 

crime�察�is speaking somewhat unphilosophically。  No doubt suicide�察�

under many circumstances�察�is a crime�察�a very heinous one。  When the 

father of a family�察�for example�察�to escape from certain 

difficulties�察�commits suicide�察�he commits a crime�察�there are those 

around him who look to him for support�察�by the law of nature�察�and 

he has no right to withdraw himself from those who have a claim 

upon his exertions�察�he is a person who decamps with other people's 

goods as well as his own。  Indeed�察�there can be no crime which is 

not founded upon the depriving others of something which belongs to 

them。  A man is hanged for setting fire to his house in a crowded 

city�察�for he burns at the same time or damages those of other 

people�察�but if a man who has a house on a heath sets fire to it�察�he 

is not hanged�察�for he has not damaged or endangered any other 

individual's property�察�and the principle of revenge�察�upon which all 

punishment is founded�察�has not been aroused。  Similar to such a 

case is that of the man who�察�without any family ties�察�commits 

suicide�察�for example�察�were I to do the thing this evening�察�who 

would have a right to call me to account�拭 �I am alone in the world�察�

have no family to support�察�and�察�so far from damaging any one�察�

should even benefit my heir by my accelerated death。  However�察�I am 

no advocate for suicide under any circumstances�察�there is something 

undignified in it�察�unheroic�察�un´Germanic。  But if you must commit 

suicide ´ and there is no knowing to what people may be brought ´ 

always contrive to do it as decorously as possible�察�the decencies�察�

whether of life or of death�察�should never be lost sight of。  I 

remember a female Quaker who committed suicide by cutting her 

throat�察�but she did it decorously and decently�此 �kneeling down over 

a pail�察�so that not one drop fell upon the floor�察�thus exhibiting 

in her last act that nice sense of neatness for which Quakers are 

distinguished。  I have always had a respect for that woman's 

memory。'



And here�察�filling his pipe from the canister�察�and lighting it at 

the taper�察�he recommenced smoking calmly and sedately。



'But is not suicide forbidden in the Bible��' the youth demanded。



'Why�察�no�察�but what though it were�  � the Bible is a respectable 

book�察�but I should hardly call it one whose philosophy is of the 

soundest。  I have said that it is a respectable book�察�I mean 

respectable from its antiquity�察�and from containing�察�as Herder 

says�察 �the earliest records of the human race�察─�though those 

records are far from being dispassionately written�察�on which 

account they are of less value than they otherwise might have been。  

There is too much passion in the Bible�察�too much violence�察�now�察�to 

come to all truth�察�especially historic truth�察�requires cool 

dispassionate investigation�察�for which the Jews do not appear to 

have ever been famous。  We are ourselves not famous for it�察�for we 

are a passionate people�察�the Germans are not ´ they are not a 

passionate people ´ a people celebrated for their oaths�察�we are。  

The Germans have many excellent historic writers�察�we 。 。 。 'tis 

true we have Gibbon 。 。 。 You have been reading Gibbon ´ what do 

you think of him��'



'I think him a very wonderful writer。'



'He is a wonderful writer ´ one SUI GENERIS ´ uniting the 

perspicuity of the English ´ for we are perspicuous ´ with the cool 

dispassionate reasoning of the Germans。  Gibbon sought after the 

truth�察�found it�察�and made it clear。'



'Then you think Gibbon a truthful writer��'



'Why�察�yes�察�who shall convict Gibbon of falsehood�拭 �Many people have 

endeavoured to convict Gibbon of falsehood�察�they have followed him 

in his researches�察�and have never found him once tripping。  Oh�察�he 

is a wonderful writer� �his power of condensation is admirable�察�the 

lore of the whole world is to be found in his pages。  Sometimes in 

a single note he has given us the result of the study of years�察�or�察�

to speak metaphorically�察 �he has ransacked a thousand Gulistans�察�

and has condensed all his fragrant booty into a single drop of 

otto。;'



'But was not Gibbon an enemy to the Christian faith��'



'Why�察�no�察�he was rather an enemy to priestcraft�察�so am I�察�and when 

I say the philosophy of the Bible is in many respects unsound�察�I 

always wish to make an exception in favour of that part of it which 


contains the life and sayings of Jesus of Bethlehem�察�to which I 

must always concede my unqualified admiration ´ of Jesus�察�mind you�察�

for with his followers and their dogmas I have nothing to do。  Of 

all historic characters Jesus is the most beautiful and the most 

heroic。  I have always been a friend to hero´worship�察�it is the 

only rational one�察�and has always been in use amongst civilised 

people ´ the worship of spirits is synonymous with barbarism ´ it 

is mere fetish�察�the savages of West Africa are all spirit´

worshippers。  But there is something philosophic in the worship of 

the heroes of the human race�察�and the true hero is the benefactor。  

Brahma�察�Jupiter�察�Bacchus�察�were all benefactors�察�and�察�therefore�察�

entitled to the worship of their respective peoples。  The Celts 

worshipped Hesus�察�who taught them to plough�察�a highly useful art。  

We�察�who have attained a much higher state of civilisation than the 

Celts ever did�察�worship Jesus�察�the first who endeavoured to teach 

men to behave decently and decorously under all circumstances�察�who 

was the foe of vengeance�察�in which there is something highly 

indecorous�察�who had first the courage to lift his voice against 

that violent dogma�察 �an eye for an eye;�察�who shouted conquer�察�but 

conquer with kindness�察�who said put up the sword�察�a violent 

unphilosophic weapon�察�and who finally died calmly and decorously in 

defence of his philosophy。  He must be a savage who denies worship 

to the hero of Golgotha。'



'But he was something more than a hero�察�he was the Son of God�察�

wasn't he��'



The elderly individual made no immediate answer�察�but�察�after a few 

more whiffs from his pipe�察�exclaimed�察�'Come�察�fill your glass�  �How 

do you advance with your translation of TELL'��



'It is nearly finished�察�but I do not think I shall proceed with it�察�

I begin to think the original somewhat dull。'



'There you are wrong�察�it is the masterpiece of Schiller�察�the first 

of German poets。'



'It may be so��' said the youth。  'But�察�pray excuse me�察�I do not 

think very h

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