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might have them of any size demanded。 But; unhappily; in proportion  
to the increase of size in the lens; and consequently of  
space…penetrating power; is the diminution of light from the object;  
by diffusion of its rays。 And for this evil there is no remedy within  
human ability; for an object is seen by means of that light alone  
which proceeds from itself; whether direct or reflected。 Thus the  
only 〃artificial〃 light which could avail Mr。 Locke; would be some  
artificial light which he should be able to throw…not upon the 〃focal  
object of vision;〃 but upon the real object to be viewed…to wit: upon  
the moon。 It has been easily calculated that; when the light  
proceeding from a star becomes so diffused as to be as weak as the  
natural light proceeding from the whole of the stars; in a clear and  
moonless night; then the star is no longer visible for any practical  
purpose。 

The Earl of Ross's telescope; lately constructed in England; has a  
_speculum_ with a reflecting surface of 4;071 square inches; the  
Herschel telescope having one of only 1;811。 The metal of the Earl of  
Ross's is 6 feet diameter; it is 5 1/2 inches thick at the edges; and  
5 at the centre。 The weight is 3 tons。 The focal length is 50 feet。 

I have lately read a singular and somewhat ingenious little book;  
whose title…page runs thus: 〃L'Homme dans la lvne ou le Voyage  
Chimerique fait au Monde de la Lvne; nouuellement decouuert par  
Dominique Gonzales; Aduanturier Espagnol; autrem閠 dit le Courier  
volant。 Mis en notre langve par J。 B。 D。 A。 Paris; chez Francois  
Piot; pres la Fontaine de Saint Benoist。 Et chez J。 Goignard; au  
premier pilier de la grand'salle du Palais; proche les Consultations;  
MDCXLVII。〃 Pp。 76。 

The writer professes to have translated his work from the English of  
one Mr。 D'Avisson (Davidson?) although there is a terrible ambiguity  
in the statement。 〃J' en ai eu;〃 says he 〃l'original de Monsieur  
D'Avisson; medecin des mieux versez qui soient aujourd'huy dans la  
c騨oissance des Belles Lettres; et sur tout de la Philosophic  
Naturelle。 Je lui ai cette obligation entre les autres; de m' auoir  
non seulement mis en main cc Livre en anglois; mais encore le  
Manuscrit du Sieur Thomas D'Anan; gentilhomme Eccossois;  
recommandable pour sa vertu; sur la version duquel j' advoue que j'  
ay tir?le plan de la mienne。〃 

After some irrelevant adventures; much in the manner of Gil Blas; and  
which occupy the first thirty pages; the author relates that; being  
ill during a sea voyage; the crew abandoned him; together with a  
negro servant; on the island of St。 Helena。 To increase the chances  
of obtaining food; the two separate; and live as far apart as  
possible。 This brings about a training of birds; to serve the purpose  
of carrier…pigeons between them。 By and by these are taught to carry  
parcels of some weight…and this weight is gradually increased。 At  
length the idea is entertained of uniting the force of a great number  
of the birds; with a view to raising the author himself。 A machine is  
contrived for the purpose; and we have a minute description of it;  
which is materially helped out by a steel engraving。 Here we perceive  
the Signor Gonzales; with point ruffles and a huge periwig; seated  
astride something which resembles very closely a broomstick; and  
borne aloft by a multitude of wild swans _(ganzas) _who had strings  
reaching from their tails to the machine。 

The main event detailed in the Signor's narrative depends upon a very  
important fact; of which the reader is kept in ignorance until near  
the end of the book。 The _ganzas; _with whom he had become so  
familiar; were not really denizens of St。 Helena; but of the moon。  
Thence it had been their custom; time out of mind; to migrate  
annually to some portion of the earth。 In proper season; of course;  
they would return home; and the author; happening; one day; to  
require their services for a short voyage; is unexpectedly carried  
straight tip; and in a very brief period arrives at the satellite。  
Here he finds; among other odd things; that the people enjoy extreme  
happiness; that they have no _law; _that they die without pain; that  
they are from ten to thirty feet in height; that they live five  
thousand years; that they have an emperor called Irdonozur; and that  
they can jump sixty feet high; when; being out of the gravitating  
influence; they fly about with fans。 

I cannot forbear giving a specimen of the general _philosophy _of the  
volume。 

〃I must not forget here; that the stars appeared only on that side of  
the globe turned toward the moon; and that the closer they were to it  
the larger they seemed。 I have also me and the earth。 As to the  
stars; _since there was no night where I was; they always had the  
same appearance; not brilliant; as usual; but pale; and very nearly  
like the moon of a morning。 _But few of them were visible; and these  
ten times larger (as well as I could judge) than they seem to the  
inhabitants of the earth。 The moon; which wanted two days of being  
full; was of a terrible bigness。 

 〃I must not forget here; that the stars appeared only on that side  
of the globe turned toward the moon; and that the closer they were to  
it the larger they seemed。 I have also to inform you that; whether it  
was calm weather or stormy; I found myself _always immediately  
between the moon and the earth。_ I_ _was convinced of this for two  
reasons…because my birds always flew in a straight line; and because  
whenever we attempted to rest; _we were carried insensibly around the  
globe of the earth。 _For I admit the opinion of Copernicus; who  
maintains that it never ceases to revolve _from the east to the west;  
_not upon the poles of the Equinoctial; commonly called the poles of  
the world; but upon those of the Zodiac; a question of which I  
propose to speak more at length here…after; when I shall have leisure  
to refresh my memory in regard to the astrology which I learned at  
Salamanca when young; and have since forgotten。〃 

Notwithstanding the blunders italicized; the book is not without some  
claim to attention; as affording a naive specimen of the current  
astronomical notions of the time。 One of these assumed; that the  
〃gravitating power〃 extended but a short distance from the earth's  
surface; and; accordingly; we find our voyager 〃carried insensibly  
around the globe;〃 etc。 

There have been other 〃voyages to the moon;〃 but none of higher merit  
than the one just mentioned。 That of Bergerac is utterly meaningless。  
In the third volume of the 〃American Quarterly Review〃 will be found  
quite an elaborate criticism upon a certain 〃journey〃 of the kind in  
questiona criticism in which it is difficult to say whether the  
critic most exposes the stupidity of the book; or his own absurd  
ignorance of astronomy。 I forget the title of the work; but the  
_means _of the voyage are more deplorably ill conceived than are even  
the _ganzas _of our friend the Signor Gonzales。 The adventurer; in  
digging the earth; happens to discover a peculiar metal for which the  
moon has a strong attraction; and straightway constructs of it a box;  
which; when cast loose from its terrestrial fastenings; flies with  
him; forthwith; to the satellite。 The 〃Flight of Thomas O'Rourke;〃 is  
a _jeu d' esprit _not altogether contemptible; and has been  
translated into German。 Thomas; the hero; was; in fact; the  
gamekeeper of an Irish peer; whose eccentricities gave rise to the  
tale。 The 〃flight〃 is made on an eagle's back; from Hungry Hill; a  
lofty mountain at the end of Bantry Bay。 

In these various _brochures _the aim is always satirical; the theme  
being a description of Lunarian customs as compared with ours。 In  
none is there any effort at _plausibility _in the details of the  
voyage itself。 The writers seem; in each instance; to be utterly  
uninformed in respect to astronomy。 In 〃Hans Pfaall〃 the design is  
original; inasmuch as regards an attempt at _verisimilitude; _in the  
application of scientific principles (so far as the whimsical nature  
of the subject would permit); to the actual passage between the earth  
and the moon。 

{*2} The zodiacal light is probably what the ancients called Trabes。  
Emicant Trabes quos docos vocant。  Pliny; lib。 2; p。 26。 

{*3} Since the original publication of Hans Pfaall; I find that Mr。  
Green; of Nassau balloon notoriety; and other late aeronauts; deny  
the assertions of Humboldt; in this respect; and speak of a  
decreasing inconvenience;  precisely in accordance with the theory  
here urged in a mere spirit of banter。 

{*4} Havelius writes that he has several times found; in skies  
perfectly clear; when even stars of the sixth and seventh magnitude  
were conspicuous; that; at the same altitude of the moon; at the same  
elongation from the earth; and with one and the same excellent  
telescope; the moon and its maculae did not appear equally lucid at  
all times。 From the circumstances of the observation; it is evident  
that the cause of this phenomenon is not either in our air; in the  
tube; in the moon; or in the eye of the spectator; but must be looked  
for in something (an atmosphere?) existing about the moon。 


 


                        THE GOLD…BUG

     What ho! what ho! this fellow is dancing mad !

          He hath been bitten by the Tarantula。

               _All in the Wrong。_

    MANY years ago; I contracted an intimacy with a Mr。 William 
Legrand。 He was of an ancient Huguenot family; and had once been 
wealthy; but a series of misfortunes had reduced him to want。 To 
avoid the mortification consequent upon his disasters; he left New 
Orleans; the city of his forefathers; and took up his residence at 
Sullivan's Island; near Charleston; South Carolina。 This Island is a 
very singular one。 It consists of little else than the sea sand; and 
is about three miles long。 Its breadth at no point exceeds a quarter 
of a mile。 It is separated from the main land by a scarcely 
perceptible creek; oozing its way through a wilderness of reeds and 
slime; a favorite resort of the marsh hen。 The vegetation; as might 
be supposed; is scant; or at least dwarfish。 No trees of any 
magnitude are to be seen。 Near the western extremity; where Fort 
Moultrie stands; and where are some miserable frame buildings; 
tenanted; during summer; by the fugitives from Charleston dust and 
fever; may be found; indeed; the bristly palmetto; but the whole 
island; with the exception of this western point; and a line of hard; 
white beach on the seacoast; is covered with a dense undergrowth of 
the sweet myrtle; so much prized by the horticulturists of England。 
The shrub here often attains the height of fifteen or twenty feet; 
and forms an almost impenetrable coppice; burthening the air with its 
fragrance。

    In the inmost recesses of this coppice; not far from the eastern 
or more remote end of the island; Legrand had built himself a small 
hut; which he occupied when I first; by mere accident; made his 
acquaintance。 This soon ripened into fri

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