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early kings of norway(硬轍璃議忽藍)-及22嫗

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     The new King Olaf�察�his brother Magnus having soon died�察�bore rule in 

Norway for some five´and´twenty years。 Rule soft and gentle�察�not like his 

father's�察  �and   inclining   rather   to   improvement   in   the   arts   and   elegancies 

than    to  anything    severe   or   dangerously   laborious。   A   slim´built�察   �witty´ 

talking�察�popular and pretty  man�察�with uncommonly bright eyes�察�and hair 

like floss silk�此�they called him Olaf _Kyrre_ ��the Tranquil or Easygoing��。 

     The   ceremonials   of   the   palace   were   much   improved   by   him。   Palace 

still continued to be built of huge logs pyramidally sloping upwards�察�with 

fireplace in the middle of the floor�察�and no egress for smoke or ingress for 

light except right overhead�察�which�察�in bad weather�察�you could shut�察�or all 

but   shut�察  �with   a  lid。  Lid  originally   made    of  mere    opaque    board�察  �but 

changed latterly into a light frame�察�covered ��_glazed_�察�so to speak�� with 

entrails of animals�察�clarified into something of pellucidity。 All this Olaf�察�I 

hope�察  �further   perfected�察  �as   he   did   the   placing   of   the   court   ladies�察  �court 

officials�察�and   the like�察�but   I doubt if the luxury  of a   glass   window  were 

ever known to him�察�or a cup to drink from that was not made of metal or 

horn。 In fact it is chiefly for his son's sake I mention him here�察�and with 

the son�察�too�察�I have little real concern�察�but only a kind of fantastic。 

     This son bears the name of Magnus _Barfod_ ��Barefoot�察�or Bareleg���察�

and if you ask why so�察�the answer is�此�He was used to appear in the streets 

of Nidaros ��Trondhjem�� now and then in complete Scotch Highland dress。 

Authentic      tartan  plaid   and   philibeg�察  �at  that  epoch��to    the  wonder    of 

Trondhjem and us� �The truth is�察�he had a mighty fancy for those Hebrides 

and    other   Scotch    possessions     of  his�察 �and   seeing   England     now    quite 

impossible�察�eagerly speculated on some conquest in Ireland as next best。 

He did�察�in fact�察�go diligently voyaging and inspecting among those Orkney 

and Hebridian Isles�察�putting everything straight there�察�appointing stringent 

authorities�察�jarls��nay�察�a king�察 �Kingdom of the Suderoer; ��Southern Isles�察�



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now   called   _Sodor_����and�察  �as   first   king�察  �Sigurd�察  �his   pretty   little   boy   of 

nine years。 All which done�察�and some quarrel with Sweden fought out�察�he 

seriously   applied   himself   to   visiting     in   a   still   more   emphatic   manner�察�

namely�察  �to   invading�察  �with   his   best   skill   and   strength�察  �the   considerable 

virtual or actual kingdom he had in Ireland�察�intending fully to enlarge it to 

the utmost limits of the Island if possible。 He got prosperously into Dublin 

��guess   A。D。   1102��。   Considerable   authority   he   already   had�察  �even   among 

those poor Irish Kings�察�or kinglets�察�in their glibs and yellow´saffron gowns�察�

still  more�察   �I  suppose�察   �among     the  numerous      Norse    Principalities    there。 

;King Murdog�察�King of Ireland�察─�says the Chronicle of Man�察 �had obliged 

himself�察  �every   Yule´day�察     �to  take   a  pair   of  shoes�察  �hang    them   over   his 

shoulder�察�as your servant does on a journey�察�and walk across his court�察�at 

bidding     and   in  presence     of  Magnus     Barefoot's     messenger�察    �by   way   of 

homage to the said ;King。; Murdog on this greater occasion did whatever 

homage could be   required of him�察  �but that�察�though   comfortable�察�was   far 

from   satisfying     the   great   King's   ambitious     mind。    The   great   King    left 

Murdog�察�left his own Dublin�察�marched off westward on a general conquest 

of Ireland。 Marched easily victorious for a time�察�and got�察�some say�察�into 

the wilds of Connaught�察�but there saw himself beset by ambuscades and 

wild   Irish   countenances   intent   on   mischief�察  �and   had�察  �on   the   sudden�察  �to 

draw up for battle��place�察�I regret to say�察�altogether undiscoverable to me�察�

known only that it was boggy in the extreme。 Certain enough�察�too certain 

and    evident�察   �Magnus      Barefoot�察   �searching     eagerly�察  �could   find   no   firm 

footing there�察�nor�察�fighting furiously up to the knees or deeper�察�any result 

but honorable death� �Date is confidently marked ;24 August�察�1103�察�as if 

people   knew  the very  day  of   the   month。 The natives did humanely  give 

King Magnus Christian burial。 The remnants of his force�察�without further 

molestation�察�found their ships on the Coast of Ulster�察�and sailed home�察�

without conquest of Ireland�察�nay perhaps�察�leaving royal Murdog disposed 

to be relieved of his procession with the pair of shoes。 

     Magnus Barefoot left three sons�察�all kings at once�察�reigning peaceably 

together。 But to us�察�at present�察�the only noteworthy one of them was Sigurd�察�

who�察�finding nothing special to do at home�察�left his brothers to manage for 

him�察�and went off on a far Voyage�察�which has rendered him distinguishable 



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in   the   crowd。   Voyage   through   the   Straits   of   Gibraltar�察  �on   to   Jerusalem�察�

thence to Constantinople�察�and so home through Russia�察�shining with such 

renown   as   filled   all   Norway   for   the   time   being。   A   King   called   Sigurd 

Jorsalafarer ��Jerusalemer�� or Sigurd the Crusader henceforth。 His voyage 

had been only partially of the Viking type�察�in general it was of the Royal´ 

Progress kind rather�察�Vikingism only intervening in cases of incivility or 

the like。 His reception in the Courts of Portugal�察�Spain�察�Sicily�察�Italy�察�had 

been   honorable   and   sumptuous。   The   King   of   Jerusalem   broke   out   into 

utmost      splendor      and    effusion     at   sight    of    such    a   pilgrim�察    �and 

Constantinople did its highest honors to such a Prince of Vaeringers。 And 

the truth is�察�Sigurd intrinsically was a wise�察�able�察�and prudent man�察�who�察�

surviving   both   his   brothers�察  �reigned   a   good   while   alone   in   a   solid   and 

successful   way。   He   shows   features   of   an   original�察  �independent´thinking 

man�察�something of ruggedly strong�察�sincere�察�and honest�察�with peculiarities 

that   are   amiable   and   even   pathetic   in   the   character   and   temperament   of 

him�察�as certainly�察�the course of life he took was of his own choosing�察�and 

peculiar enough。 He happens furthermore to be�察�what he least of all could 

have chosen or expected�察�the last of the Haarfagr Genealogy that had any 

success�察�or much deserved any�察�in this world。 The last of the Haarfagrs�察�or 

as good as the last� �So that�察�singular to say�察�it is in reality�察�for one thing 

only   that   Sigurd�察  �after   all   his   crusadings   and   wonderful   adventures�察  �is 

memorable   to   us   here�此  �the   advent   of   an   Irish   gentleman   called   ;Gylle 

Krist;   ��Gil´christ�察  �Servant   of   Christ���察  �who��not   over   welcome�察  �I   should 

think�察�but ��unconsciously�� big with the above result��appeared in Norway�察�

while King Sigurd was supreme。 Let us explain a little。 

     This Gylle Krist�察�the unconsciously fatal individual�察�who ;spoke Norse 

imperfectly�察─  �declared   himself   to   be   the   natural   son   of   whilom   Magnus 

Barefoot�察�born to him there while engaged in that unfortunate ;Conquest 

of   Ireland。;   ;Here   is   my   mother   come   with   me�察─  �said   Gilchrist�察   �who 

declares my real baptismal name to have been Harald�察�given me by that 

great    King�察   �and    who    will   carry   the   red´hot   ploughshares       or  do   any 

reasonable ordeal in testimony of these facts。 I am King Sigurd's veritable 

half´brother�此�what will   King Sigurd think   it fair to   do with me�拭─  �Sigurd 

clearly seems to have believed the man to be speaking truth�察�and indeed 



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nobody to have doubted but he was。 Sigurd said�察 �Honorable sustenance 

shalt thou have from me here。 But�察�under pain of extirpation�察�swear that�察�

neither in my time�察�nor in that of my young son Magnus�察�wilt thou ever 

claim any share in this Government。; Gylle swore�察�and punctually kept his 

promise   during   Sigurd's   reign。   But   during   Magnus's�察  �he   conspicuously 

broke   it�察  �and�察  �in   result�察  �through   many   reigns�察  �and   during   three   or   four 

generations   afterwards�察  �produced   unspeakable   contentions�察  �massacrings�察�

confusions in   the   country  he   had   adopted。 There   are   reckoned�察 �from  the 

time of Sigurd's death ��A。D。 1130���察�about a hundred years of civil war�此�no 

king allowed to distinguish himself by a solid reign of well´doing�察�or by 

any     continuing      reign    at   all��sometimes       as   many      as   four    kings 

simultaneously   fighting��and   in   Norway�察  �from   sire   to   son�察  �nothing   but 

sanguinary anarchy�察�disaster and bewilderment�察�a Country sinking steadily 

as if towards absolute ruin。 Of all which frightful misery and discord Irish 

Gylle�察    �styled   afterwards     King    Harald    Gylle�察   �was�察  �by   ill  destiny   and 

otherwise�察�the visible origin�此�an illegitimate Irish Haarfagr who proved to 

be his own destruction�察�and that of the Haarfagr kindred altogether� �

     Sigurd himself seems always to have rather favored Gylle�察�who was a 

cheerful�察�shrewd�察�patient�察�witty�察�and effective fellow�察�and had at first much 

quizzing to endure�察�from the younger kind�察�on account of his Irish way of 

speaking Norse�察  �and   for other   reasons。   One   evening�察  �for   example�察  �while 

the drink was going round�察�Gylle mentioned that the Irish had a wonderful 

talent of swift running and that there were among them people who could 

keep up with the swiftest horse。 At which�察�especially from young Magnus�察�

there were peals of laughter�察�and a declaration from the latter that Gylle 

and he would have it tried to´morrow morning� �Gylle in vain urged that he 

had not himself professed to be so swift a runner as to keep up with the 

Prince's     horses�察  �but   only   that  there   were    men    in  Ireland    who    could。 

Magnus   was   positive�察  �and�察  �early   next   morning�察  �Gylle   had   to   be   on   the 

ground�察�and the race�察�naturally under heavy bet�察�actually went off。 Gylle 

started   parallel   to   Magnus's   stirrup�察  �ran   like   a   very  roe�察  �and   was   clearly 

ahead at the goal。 ;Unfair�察─�said Magnus�察 �thou must have had hold of my 

stirrup´leather�察�and helped thyself along�察�we must try it again。; Gylle ran 

behind   the   horse   this   second   time�察  �then   at   the   end�察  �sprang   forward�察  �and 



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