握握弌傍利 > 凪麿窮徨慕 > an account of egypt(娃式芝) >

及4嫗

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及4嫗

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




doubt�察�I will tell what to my mind is the reason why the Nile increases in 

the   summer。   In   the   winter   season   the   Sun�察  �being   driven   away   from   his 

former path through the heaven by the stormy winds�察�comes to the upper 

parts of Libya。 If one would set forth the matter in the shortest way�察�all has 

now been said�察�for whatever region this god approaches most and stands 

directly   above�察  �this   it   may   reasonably   be   supposed   is   most   in   want   of 



                                                 13 


´ Page 14´

                                  AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



water�察�and its native streams of rivers are dried up most。 However�察�to set it 

forth   at   greater   length�察  �thus   it   is��the   Sun   passing   in   his   course   by   the 

upper parts of Libya�察�does thus�察�that is to say�察�since at all times the air in 

those   parts   is   clear   and   the   country   is   warm�察  �because   there   are   no   cold 

winds�察�in passing through it the Sun does just as he was wont to do in the 

summer�察�when going through the midst of the heaven�察�that is he draws to 

himself the water�察�and having drawn it he drives it away to the upper parts 

of the country�察�and the winds take it up and scattering it abroad melt it into 

rain�察�so it is natural that the winds which blow from this region�察�namely 

the South and South´west Winds�察�should be much the most rainy of all the 

winds。 I think however that the Sun does not send away from himself all 

the water of the Nile of each year�察�but that also he lets some remain behind 

with himself。 Then when the winter becomes milder�察�the Sun returns back 

again   to   the   midst   of   the   heaven�察  �and   from  that   time   onwards   he   draws 

equally   from   all   rivers�察  �but   in   the   meantime   they   flow   in   large   volume�察�

since   water   of   rain   mingles   with   them   in   great   quantity�察  �because   their 

country   receives   rain   then   and   is   filled   with   torrent   streams。   In   summer 

however they are weak�察�since not only the showers of rain fail them�察�but 

also they are drawn by the Sun。 The Nile however�察�alone of all rivers�察�not 

having rain and being drawn by the Sun�察�naturally flows during this time 

of winter in much less than its proper volume�察�that is much less than   in 

summer�察  �for   then   it   is   drawn   equally   with   all   the   other   waters�察  �but   in 

winter it bears the burden alone。 Thus I suppose the Sun to be the cause of 

these things。 He also is the cause in my opinion that the air in these parts is 

dry�察�since he makes it so by scorching up his path through the heaven�此�thus 

summer prevails always in the upper parts of Libya。 If however the station 

of the seasons had been changed�察�and where now in the heaven are placed 

the North Wind and winter�察�there was the station of the South Wind and of 

the midday�察�and where now is placed the South Wind�察�there was the North�察�

if this had been so�察�the Sun being driven from the midst of the heaven by 

the winter and the North Wind would go to the upper parts of Europe�察�just 

as   now  he   comes   to the upper   parts   of   Libya�察 �and passing   in   his   course 

throughout   the  whole  of   Europe   I suppose   he  would do to the  Ister   that 

which   he   now   works   upon   the   Nile。 As   to   the   breeze�察  �why   none   blows 



                                                 14 


´ Page 15´

                                 AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



from the river�察�my opinion is that from very hot places it is not natural that 

anything should blow�察�and that a breeze is wont to blow from something 

cold。 

     Let these matters then be as they are and as they were at the first�此�but 

as   to   the   sources   of   the   Nile�察  �not   one   either   of   the   Egyptians   or   of   the 

Libyans   or   of   the   Hellenes�察  �who   came   to   speech   with   me�察  �professed   to 

know anything�察�except the scribe of the sacred treasury of Athene at the 

city of Sais in Egypt。 To me however this man seemed not to be speaking 

seriously when he said that he had certain knowledge of it�察�and he said as 

follows�察�namely that there were two mountains of which the tops ran up to 

a sharp point�察�situated between the city of Syene�察�which is in the district of 

Thebes�察�and Elephantine�察�and the names of the mountains were�察�of the one 

Crophi and of the other Mophi。 From the middle between these mountains 

flowed ��he said�� the sources of the Nile�察�which were fathomless in depth�察�

and   half   of   the   water   flowed to   Egypt   and   towards the   North Wind�察 �the 

other half to Ethiopia and the South Wind。 As for the fathomless depth of 

the source�察�he said that Psammetichos king of Egypt came to a trial of this 

matter�察  �for   he   had   a   rope   twisted   of   many   thousand   fathoms   and   let   it 

down   in   this   place�察  �and   it   found   no   bottom。   By   this   the   scribe   ��if   this 

which he told was really as he said�� gave me to understand that there were 

certain strong eddies there and a backward flow�察�and that since the water 

dashed against the mountains�察�therefore the sounding´line could not come 

to any bottom when it was let down。 From no other person was I able to 

learn anything about this matter�察�but for the rest I learnt so much as here 

follows by the most diligent inquiry�察�for I went myself as an eye´witness 

as far as the city of Elephantine and from that point onwards I gathered 

knowledge by report。 From the city of Elephantine as one goes up the river 

there is country which slopes steeply�察�so that here one must attach ropes to 

the   vessel   on   both   sides�察  �as   one   fastens   an   ox�察  �and   so   make   one's   way 

onward�察�and if the rope break�察�the vessel is gone at once�察�carried away by 

the violence  of the  stream。 Through   this country  it is   a voyage of   about 

four   days   in   length�察  �and   in   this   part   the   Nile   is   winding   like   the   river 

Maiander�察�and the distance amounts to twelve /schoines/�察�which one must 

traverse in this manner。 Then you will come to a level plain�察�in which the 



                                                15 


´ Page 16´

                                 AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



Nile flows round an island named Tachompso。 ��Now in the regions above 

the    Elephantine     there   dwell   Ethiopians     at  once    succeeding�察    �who    also 

occupy   half   of   the   island�察  �and   Egyptians   the   other   half。�� Adjoining   this 

island there is a great lake�察�round which dwell Ethiopian nomad tribes�察�and 

when you have sailed through this you will come to the stream of the Nile 

again�察�which flows into this lake。 After this you will disembark and make 

a journey by land of forty days�察�for in the Nile sharp rocks stand forth out 

of the water�察 �and there are  many reefs�察�by  which it is   not possible for  a 

vessel to pass。 Then after having passed through this country in the forty 

days which I have said�察�you will embark again in another vessel and sail 

for twelve days�察�and after this you will come to a great city called Meroe。 

This city is said to be the mother´city of all the other Ethiopians�此�and they 

who dwell in it reverence of the gods Zeus and Dionysos alone�察�and these 

they   greatly   honour�察  �and   they   have   an   Oracle   of   Zeus   established�察  �and 

make      warlike     marches      whensoever       the    god    commands        them     by 

prophesyings and to whatsoever place he commands。 Sailing from this city 

you will come to the ;Deserters; in another period of time equal to that in 

which   you   came   from   Elephantine   to   the   mother´city   of   the   Ethiopians。 

Now the name of these ;Deserters; is /Asmach/�察�and this word signifies�察�

when translated into the tongue of the Hellenes�察 �those who stand on the 

left   hand    of  the   king。;   These    were    two   hundred     and   forty   thousand 

Egyptians      of  the   warrior   class�察  �who    revolted    and   went   over   to   these 

Ethiopians      for   the   following     cause��In     the   reign   of   Psammetichos 

garrisons were set�察�one towards the Ethiopians at the city of Elephantine�察�

another towards the Arabians and Assyrians at Daphnai of Pelusion�察�and 

another towards Libya at Marea�此�and even in my own time the garrisons of 

the Persians too are ordered in the same manner as these were in the reign 

of   Psammetichos�察  �for   both   at   Elephantine   and   at   Daphnai   the   Persians 

have outposts。 The Egyptians then of whom I speak had served as outposts 

for   three   years   and   no   one   relieved   them   from   their   guard�察  �accordingly 

they took counsel together�察�and adopting a common plan they all in a body 

revolted     from    Psammetichos        and   set   out   for  Ethiopia。    Hearing     this 

Psammetichos   set   forth   in   pursuit�察  �and   when   he   came   up   with   them   he 

entreated them much and endeavoured to persuade them not to desert the 



                                                16 


´ Page 17´

                                 AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT 



gods of their country and their children and wives�此�upon which it is said 

that one of them pointed to his privy member and said that wherever this 

was�察�there would they have both children and wives。 When these came to 

Ethiopia they gave themselves over to the king of the Ethiopians�察�and he 

rewarded them as follows��there were certain of the Ethiopians who had 

come to   be   at   variance with   him�察  �and   he  bade them  drive  these  out   and 

dwell in their land。 So since these men settled in the land of the Ethiopians�察�

the Ethiopians have come to be of milder manners�察�from having learnt the 

customs of the Egyptians。 

     The   Nile   then�察  �besides   the   part   of   its   course   which   is   in   Egypt�察  �is 

known as far as a four months' journey by river and land�此�for that is the 

number of months which are found by reckoning to be spent in going from 

Elephantine to these ;Deserters;�此�and the river runs from the West and the 

setting of the sun。 But what comes after that point no one can clearly say�察�

for this land is desert by reason of the burning heat。 This much however I 

heard from men of Kyrene�察�who told me that they had been to the Oracle 

of    Ammon�察      �and   had    come    to   speech    with    Etearchos     king   of   the 

Ammonians�此�and it happened that after speaking of other matters they fell 

to discourse about the Nile and how no one knew the sources of it�察�and 

Etearchos said that once there came to him men of the Nasamonians ��this 

is a Libyan race which dwells in the Syrtis�察�and also in the land to the East 

of   the   Syrtis   reaching   to   no   great   distance���察  �and   when   the   Nasamonians 

came and were asked by him whether they were able to tell him 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��2�� 家��2��

低辛嬬浪散議