握握弌傍利 > 凪麿窮徨慕 > lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了) >

及2嫗

lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了)-及2嫗

弌傍�� lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




composed       by   himself�察   �are  known     in  every   village    of  northern    Persia。 

Captain Beechey heard the bards of the Sandwich Islands recite the heroic 

achievements of Tamehameha�察�the most illustrious of their kings。 Mungo 

Park found in the heart of Africa a class of singing men�察�the only annalists 

of   their   rude   tribes�察  �and   heard   them   tell   the   story   of   the   victory   which 

Damel�察     �the   negro    prince    of   the   Jaloffs�察  �won    over    Abdulkader�察     �the 

Mussulman tyrant of Foota Torra。 This species of poetry attained a high 

degree   of   excellence   among   the   Castilians�察  �before   they   began   to   copy 



                                                 5 


´ Page 6´

                                       Lays of Ancient Rome 



Tuscan patterns。 It attained a still higher degree of excellence among the 

English   and   the   Lowland   Scotch�察  �during   the   fourteenth�察  �fifteenth�察  �and 

sixteenth centuries。 But it reached its full perfection in ancient Greece�察�for 

there can be no doubt that the great Homeric poems are generically ballads�察�

though      widely    distinguished      from    all  other   ballads�察   �and   indeed    from 

almost      all  other   human      composition�察      �by   transcendent      sublimity     and 

beauty。 

     As it is agreeable to general experience that�察�at a certain stage in the 

progress of society�察�ballad´poetry should flourish�察�so is it also agreeable to 

general experience that�察�at a subsequent stage in the progress of society�察�

ballad´poetry should be undervalued and neglected。 Knowledge advances�察�

manners   change�察  �great   foreign   models   of   composition   are   studied   and 

imitated。   The   phraseology   of   the   old   minstrels   becomes   obsolete。   Their 

versification�察�which�察�having received its laws only from the ear�察�abounds 

in   irregularities�察  �seems   licentious   and   uncouth。   Their   simplicity   appears 

beggarly   when   compared   with   the   quaint   forms   and   gaudy   coloring   of 

such artists as Cowley and Gongora。 The ancient lays�察�unjustly despised 

by the learned and polite�察�linger for a time in the memory of the vulgar�察�

and are at length too often irretrievably lost。 We cannot wonder that the 

ballads of Rome should have altogether disappeared�察�when we remember 

how very narrowly�察�in spite of the invention of printing�察�those of our own 

country  and   those of   Spain   escaped   the   same   fate。 There   is   indeed   little 

doubt   that   oblivion   covers   many   English   songs   equal   to   any   that   were 

published by Bishop Percy�察�and many Spanish songs as good as the best of 

those which have been so happily translated by Mr。 Lockhart。 Eighty years 

ago   England   possessed  only  one   tattered   copy  of   Childe Waters   and   Sir 

Cauline�察�and Spain only one tattered copy of the noble poem of the Cid。 

The   snuff   of   a   candle�察  �or   a   mischievous   dog�察  �might   in   a   moment   have 

deprived the world forever of any of those fine compositions。 Sir Walter 

Scott�察  �who   united   to   the   fire   of   a   great   poet   the   minute   curiosity   and 

patient   diligence   of   a   great   antiquary�察  �was   but   just   in   time   to   save   the 

precious relics of the Minstrelsy of the Border。 In Germany�察�the lay of the 

Nibelungs had been long utterly forgotten�察�when�察�in the eighteenth century�察�

it was�察�for the first time�察�printed from a manuscript in the old library of a 



                                                  6 


´ Page 7´

                                       Lays of Ancient Rome 



noble family。 In truth�察�the only people who�察�through their whole passage 

from simplicity to the highest civilization�察�never for a moment ceased to 

love and admire their old ballads�察�were the Greeks。 

     That   the   early   Romans   should   have   had   ballad´poetry�察  �and   that   this 

poetry   should   have   perished�察  �is   therefore   not   strange。   It   would�察  �on   the 

contrary�察�have been strange if these things had not come to pass�察�and we 

should be justified in pronouncing them highly probable even if we had no 

direct     evidence     on    the   subject。    But    we    have    direct    evidence     of 

unquestionable authority。 

     Ennius�察  �who   flourished   in   the   time   of   the   Second   Punic   War�察  �was 

regarded in the Augustan age as the father of Latin poetry。 He was�察�in truth�察�

the father of the second school of Latin poetry�察�the only school of which 

the works have  descended   to   us。  But from  Ennius himself  we  learn  that 

there were poets who stood to him in the same relation in which the author 

of the romance of Count Alarcos stood to Garcilaso�察�or the author of the 

Lytell   Geste   of   Robyn   Hode   to   Lord   Surrey。   Ennius   speaks   of   verses 

which the Fauns and the Bards were wont to chant in the old time�察�when 

none had yet studied the graces of speech�察�when none had yet climbed the 

peaks     sacred    to   the   Goddesses      of   Grecian     song。    ``Where��''    Cicero 

mournfully asks�察 �`are those old verses now��'' 

     Contemporary with Ennius was Quintus Fabius Pactor�察�the earliest of 

the   Roman   annalists。   His   account   of   the   infancy   and   youth   of   Romulus 

and     Remus     has   been    preserved     by   Dionysius�察     �and   contains     a  very 

remarkable reference to the ancient Latin poetry。 Fabius says that�察�in his 

time�察�his   countrymen   were  still in the  habit   of singing ballads   about   the 

Twins。 ``Even in the hut of Faustulus��''so these old lays appear to have 

run�察�`the children of Rhea and Mars were�察�in port and in spirit�察�not like 

unto swineherds or cowherds�察�but such that men might well guess them to 

be of the blood of kings and gods。'' 

     Cato the Censor�察�who also lived in the days of he Second Punic War�察�

mentioned   this   lost   literature   in   his   lost   work   on   the   antiquities   of   his 

country。 Many ages�察�he said�察�before his time�察�there were ballads in praise 

of   illustrious   men�察  �and these  ballads   it   was   the  fashion   for  the guests   at 

banquets to sing in turn while the piper played。 ``Would��'' exclaims Cicero�察�



                                                 7 


´ Page 8´

                                        Lays of Ancient Rome 



``that we still had the old ballads of which Cato speaks��'' 

     Valerius      Maximus       gives    us   exactly     similar    information�察     �without 

mentioning   his   authority�察  �and   observes   that   the   ancient   Roman   ballads 

were   probably   of   more   benefit   to   the   young   than   all   the   lectures   of   the 

Athenian schools�察�and that to the influence of the national poetry were to 

be ascribed the virtues of such men as Camillus and Fabricus。 

     Varro�察�whose authority on all questions connected with the antiquities 

of his country is entitled to the greatest respect�察�tells us that at banquets it 

was   once   the   fashion   for   boys   to   sing�察  �sometimes   with   and   sometimes 

without   instrumental   music�察  �ancient   ballads   in   praise   of   men   of   former 

times。     These     young     performers�察     �he    observes�察    �were    of   unblemished 

character�察  �a   circumstance   which   he   probably   mentioned   because�察  �among 

the Greeks�察�and indeed�察�in his time among the Romans also�察�the morals of 

singing boys were in no high repute。 

     The     testimony     of   Horace�察    �though    given    incidentally�察    �confirms     the 

statements of Cato�察�Valerius Maximus�察�and Varro。 The poet predicts that�察�

under the peaceful administration of Augustus�察�the Romans will�察�over their 

full goblets�察�sing to the pipe�察�after the fashion of their fathers�察�the deeds of 

brave captains�察�and the ancient legends touching the origin of the city。 

     The   proposition�察  �then�察  �that   Rome   had   ballad´poetry   is   not   merely   in 

itself highly probable�察�but is fully proved by direct evidence of the greatest 

weight。 

     This proposition being established�察�it becomes easy to understand why 

the   early   history   of   the   city   is   unlike   almost   everything   else   in   Latin 

literature�察  �native   where   almost   everything   else   is   borrowed�察  �imaginative 

where      almost    everything      else  is  prosaic。    We    can   scarcely     hesitate   to 

pronounce that the magnificent�察�pathetic�察�and truly national legends�察�which 

present   so   striking   a   contrast   to   all that   surrounds   them�察  �are   broken   and 

defaced fragments of that early poetry which�察�even in the age of Cato the 

Censor�察�had become antiquated�察�and of which Tully had never heard a line。 

     That this   poetry  should   have been   suffered   to   perish   will   not   appear 

strange   when   we   consider   how   complete   was   the   triumph   of   the   Greek 

genius over the public mind of Italy。 It is probable that�察�at an early period�察�

Homer and Herodotus furnished some hints to the Latin Minstrels�察�but it 



                                                  8 


´ Page 9´

                                        Lays of Ancient Rome 



was not till after the war with Pyrrhus that the poetry of Rome began to 

put    off    its  old   Ausonian       character。     The    transformation       was     soon 

consummated。 The conquered�察�says Horace�察�led captive the conquerors。 It 

was   precisely  at   the   time   at   which   the   Roman   people   rose   to   unrivalled 

political ascendency that they stooped to pass under the intellectual yoke。 

It was precisely at the time at which the sceptre departed from Greece that 

the empire of her language and of her arts became universal and despotic。 

The revolution indeed was not effected without a struggle。 Naevius seems 

to have been the last of the ancient line of poets。 Ennius was the founder 

of   a   new   dynasty。   Naevius   celebrated   the   First   Punic   War   in   Saturnian 

verse�察�the old national verse of Italy。 Ennius sang the Second Punic War in 

numbers borrowed from the Iliad。 The elder poet�察�in the epitaph which he 

wrote for himself�察�and which is a fine specimen of the early Roman diction 

and versification�察�plaintively boasted that the Latin language had died with 

him。 Thus what to Horace appeared to be the first faint dawn of Roman 

literature   appeared   to   Naevius   to   be   its   hopeless   setting。   In   truth�察  �one 

literature was setting�察�and another dawning。 

       The   victory   of   the   foreign   taste   was   decisive�察  �and   indeed   we   can 

hardly blame the Romans for turning away with contempt from the rude 

lays which had delighted their fathers�察�and giving their whole admiration 

to the immortal productions of Greece。 The national romances�察�neglected 


卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議