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                                       Lays of Ancient Rome 



                     The Prophecy of Capys 



     It can hardly be necessary to remind any reader that according to the 

popular tradition�察�Romulus�察�after he had slain his granduncle Amulius�察�and 

restored his grandfather Numitor�察�determined to quit Alba�察�the hereditary 

domain of the Sylvian princes�察�and to found a new city。 The gods�察�it was 

added�察�vouchsafed the clearest signs of the favor with which they regarded 

the enterprise�察�and of the high destinies reserved for the young colony。 

     This event was likely to be a favorite theme of the old Latin minstrels。 

They   would   naturally   attribute   the   project   of   Romulus   to   some   divine 

intimation of the power and prosperity which it was decreed that his city 

should      attain。   They    would     probably     introduce     seers    foretelling    the 

victories of unborn Consuls and Dictators�察�and the last great victory would 

generally  occupy  the   most   conspicuous   place   in   the   prediction。 There   is 

nothing   strange   in   the   supposition   that   the   poet   who   was   employed   to 

celebrate   the   first   great   triumph   of   the   Romans   over   the   Greeks   might 

throw his song of exultation into this form。 

     The occasion was one likely to excite the strongest feelings of national 

pride。   A  great   outrage   had   been   followed   by   a   great   retribution。   Seven 

years before this time�察�Lucius Posthumius Megellus�察�who sprang from one 

of   the   noblest   houses   of   Rome�察  �and   had   been   thrice   Consul�察  �was   sent 

ambassador to Tarentum�察 �with   charge   to   demand   reparation   for grievous 

injuries。   The    Tarentines     gave   him   audience     in   their  theatre�察  �where    he 

addressed them in such Greek as he could command�察�which�察�we may well 

believe�察�was not exactly such as Cineas would have spoken。 An exquisite 

sense     of  the  ridiculous     belonged     to  the   Greek    character�察   �and   closely 

connected      with    this  faculty   was    a  strong   propensity     to  flippancy    and 

impertinence。 When Posthumius placed an accent wrong�察�his hearers burst 

into   a   laugh。   When   he   remonstrated�察  �they   hooted   him�察  �and   called   him 

barbarian�察�and at length hissed him off the stage as if he had been a bad 

actor。   As   the   grave   Roman   retired�察  �a   buffoon�察  �who�察  �from   his   constant 

drunkenness�察  �was   nicknamed   the   Pint´pot�察  �came   up   with   gestures   of   the 

grossest     indecency�察     �and   bespattered      the   senatorial    gown     with    filth。 

Posthumius   turned   round   to   the   multitude�察  �and   held   up   the   gown�察  �as   if 



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appealing   to   the   universal   law   of   nations。   The   sight   only   increased   the 

insolence of the Tarentines。 They clapped their hands�察�and set up a shout 

of laughter which shook the theatre。 ``Men of Tarentum��'' said Posthumius�察�

``it will take not a little blood to wash this gown。'' 

     Rome�察     �in   consequence       of  this   insult�察  �declared    war    against    the 

Tarentines。      The   Tarentines     sought    for   allies  beyond     the   Ionian    Sea。 

Phyrrhus�察�king of Epirus�察�came to their help with a large army�察�and�察�for the 

first time�察�the two great nations of antiquity were fairly matched against 

each other。 

     The fame of Greece in arms�察�as well as in arts�察�was then at the height。 

Half a century earlier�察�the career of Alexander had excited the admiration 

and terror of all nations from the Ganges to the Pillars of Hercules。 Royal 

houses�察  �founded   by   Macedonian   captains�察  �still   reigned   at   Antioch   and 

Alexandria。 That barbarian warriors�察�led by barbarian chiefs�察�should win a 

pitched   battle   against   Greek   valor   guided   by   Greek   science�察  �seemed   as 

incredible as it would now seem that the Burmese or the Siamese should�察�

in the open plain�察�put to flight an equal number of the best English troops。 

The Tarentines were convinced that their countrymen were irresistible in 

war�察�and this conviction had emboldened them to treat with the grossest 

indignity one whom they regarded as the representative of an inferior race。 

Of    the  Greek     generals   then   living   Pyrrhus    was    indisputably     the  first。 

Among the troops who were trained in the Greek discipline his Epirotes 

ranked high。 His expedition to Italy was a turning´point in the history of 

the world。 He found there a people who�察�far inferior to the Athenians and 

Corinthians   in   the   fine   arts�察  �in   the   speculative   sciences�察  �and   in   all   the 

refinements of life�察�were the best soldiers on the face of the earth。 Their 

arms�察    �their  gradations     of  rank�察  �their  order   of   battle�察 �their  method     of 

intrenchment�察�were all of Latin origin�察�and had all been gradually brought 

near to perfection�察�not by the study of foreign models�察�but by the genius 

and experience of many generations of great native commanders。 The first 

words which broke from the king�察�when his practised eye had surveyed the 

Roman encampment�察�were full of meaning�此 �`These barbarians��'' he said�察�

``have nothing barbarous in their military arrangements。'' He was at first 

victorious�察�for his own talents were superior to those of the captains who 



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were opposed to him�察�and the Romans were not prepared for the onset of 

the elephants of the East�察�which were then for the first time seen in Italy 

moving   mountains�察  �with   long   snakes   for   hands。   But   the   victories   of   the 

Epirotes      were     fiercely    disputed�察     �dearly    purchased�察      �and    altogether 

unprofitable。   At   length�察  �Manius   Curius   Dentatus�察  �who   had   in   his   first 

Consulship won two triumphs�察�was again placed at the head of the Roman 

Commonwealth�察  �and   sent   to   conquer   the   invaders。   A   great   battle   was 

fought near   Beneventum。 Pyrrhus   was completely  defeated。 He   repassed 

the sea�察  �and the   world learned�察  �with   amazement�察�that   a people   had been 

discovered who�察�in fair fighting�察�were superior to the best troops that had 

been drilled on the system of Parmenio and Antigonus。 

     The   conquerors   had   a   good   right   to   exult   in   their   success�察  �for   their 

glory was   all their own。 They  had not learned from  their enemy  how  to 

conquer      him。   It  was    with   their   own    national    arms�察  �and   in   their  own 

national   battle   array�察  �that   they   had   overcome   weapons   and   tactics   long 

believed to be invincible。 The pilum and the broadsword had vanquished 

the   Macedonian   spear。   The   legion   had   broken   the   Macedonian   phalanx。 

Even the elephants�察�when the surprise produced by their first appearance 

was over�察�could cause no disorder in the steady yet flexible battalions of 

Rome。       It is said by Florus�察�and may easily be believed�察�that the triumph 

far   surpassed   in   magnificence   any   that   Rome   had   previously   seen。   The 

only spoils which Papirius Cursor and Fabius Maximus could exhibit were 

flocks     and   herds�察  �wagons      of  rude   structure�察   �and   heaps    of  spears    and 

helmets。   But   now�察  �for   the   first   time�察  �the   riches   of   Asia   and   the   arts   of 

Greece adorned a Roman pageant。 Plate�察�fine stuffs�察�costly furniture�察�rare 

animals�察�exquisite paintings and sculptures�察�formed part of the procession。 

At   the   banquet   would   be   assembled   a   crowd   of   warriors   and   statesmen�察�

among whom Manius Curius Dentatus would take the highest room。 Caius 

Fabricius Luscinus�察�then�察�after two Consulships and two triumphs�察�Censor 

of   the   Commonwealth�察  �would   doubtless   occupy   a   place   of   honor   at   the 

board。 In situations less conspicuous probably lay some of those who were�察�

a few years later�察�the terror of Carthage�此�Caius Duilius�察�the founder of the 

maritime greatness of his country�察�Marcus Atilius Regulus�察�who owed to 

defeat     a  renown     far  higher    than   that  which     he   had   derived    from    his 



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                                       Lays of Ancient Rome 



victories�察    �and   Caius    Lutatius     Catalus�察   �who�察   �while    suffering    from    a 

grievous wound�察�fought the great battle of the             �a tes�察�and brought the First 

Punic War to a triumphant close。 It is impossible to recount the names of 

these     eminent     citizens�察   �without     reflecting    that   they    were�察   �without 

exception�察  �Plebeians�察  �and   would�察  �but   for   the   ever   memorable   struggle 

maintained   by  Caius   Licinius   and   Lucius   Sextius�察  �have   been   doomed   to 

hide in obscurity�察�or to waste in civil broils�察�the capacity and energy which 

prevailed against Pyrrhus and Hamilcar。 

     On such a day we may suppose that the patriotic enthusiasm of a Latin 

poet would vent itself in reiterated shouts of ``Io triumphe��'' such as were 

uttered by Horace on a far less exciting occasion�察�and in boasts resembling 

those which Virgil put into the mouth of Anchises。 The superiority of some 

foreign   nations�察  �and   especially   of   the   Greeks�察  �in   the   lazy   arts   of   peace�察�

would   be   admitted   with   disdainful   candor�察  �but   pre �m inence   in   all   the 

qualities   which   fit   a   people   to   subdue   and   govern   mankind   would   be 

claimed for the Romans。 

     The following lay belongs to the latest age of Latin ballad´poetry。 N �v 

is   and   Livius    Andronicus       were    probably     among     the   children    whose 

mothers held them up to see the chariot of Curius go by。 The minstrel who 

sang on that day might possibly have lived to read the first hexameters of 

Ennius�察�and to see the first   comedies of   Plautus。 His poem�察  �as   might be 

expected�察�shows a much wider acquaintance with the geography�察�manners�察�

and     productions     of   remote    nations�察   �than   would     have    been   found    in 

compositions of the age of Camillus。 But he troubles himself little about 

dates�察�and having heard travellers talk with admiration of the Colossus of 

Rhodes�察  �and   of   the   structures   and   gardens   with   which   the   Macedonian 

king of Syria had embellished their residence on the banks of the Orontes�察�

he has never thought of inquiring whether these things existed in the age 

of Romulus。 



                    

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