the origins of contemporary france-2-第87章
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after; some soldiers of a regiment took it into their heads to
divide the (military) fund; and at once placed sentinels at the door
of the officer having charge of the chest; compelling him to open it
(désacquer)。 Another regiment has since put all its officers under
arrest。 A third has mutinied; and wanted to take all its horses to
the market…place and sell them。 。 。 。 Everywhere the soldiers are
heard to say that if they want money they know where to find it。〃
'41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; letters of the Royal
Commissioners; September 27; October 1; 4; 8; 11; 1790。 the
commencement of the Revolution; had most to do with the
insurrections in the interior。 〃What means can four commissioners
employ to convince 20;000 men; most of whom are seduced by the real
enemies of the public welfare? In consequence of the replacing of
the men the crews are; for the most part; composed of those who are
almost ignorant of the sea; who know nothing of the rules of
subordination; and who; at the commencement of the Revolution; had
most to do with the insurrections in the interior。〃
'42' Mercure de France。 October 2; 1790。 Letter of the Admiral; M。
d'Albert de Rioms; September 16。 The soldiers of the Majestueux
have refused to drill; and the sailors of the Patriote to obey。 …
〃I wished to ascertain beforehand if they had any complaint to make
against their captain? … No。 … If they complained of myself? …
No。 … If they had any complaints to make against their officers ?
… No。 … It is the revolt of one class against another class;
their sole cry is 'Vive la Nation et les Aristocrates à la
lanterne!' The mob have set up a gibbet before the house of M。 de
Marigny; major…general of marines; he has handed in his resignation。
M。 d'Albert tenders his resignation。〃 … Ibid; June 18; 1791
(letter from Dunkirk; June 3)。
'43' De Dampmartin; I。 222; 219。 Mercure de France; September 3;
1791。 (Sitting of August 23。) … Cf。 Moniteur (same date)。 〃The
Ancient Régime;〃 p。377。
'44' Marshal Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 24。 〃The sentiment I
entertained for the person of the King is difficult to define。 。 。
(It was) a sentiment of devotion of an almost religious character; a
profound respect as if due to a being of a superior order。 At this
time the word king possessed a magic power in all pure and upright
hearts which nothing had changed。 This delicate sentiment 。 。 。
still existed in the mass of the nation; especially among the well…
born; who; sufficiently remote from power; were rather impressed by
its brilliancy than by its imperfections。〃 De Bezancenet; 27。
Letter of M。 de Dommartin; August 24; 1790。 〃We have just renewed
our oath。 I hardly know what it all means。 I; a soldier; know only
my King; in reality I obey two masters; who; we are told; will
secure my happiness and that of my brethren; if they agree
together。〃
'45' De Dampmartin; I。 179。 See the details of his resignation
(III。 185) after June 20; 1792。 … Mercure de France; April 14;
1792。 Letter from the officers of the battalion of the Royal
chasseurs of Provence (March 9)。 They are confined to their
barracks by their soldiers; who refuse to obey their orders; and
they declare that; on this account; they abandon the service and
leave France。
'46' Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires de 1791 à 1794; p。 106。 Letter of
M。 de Biron to the minister (August; 1792); p。225; letter of Vezu;
commander of the 3rd battalion of Paris; to the army of the north
(July 24; 1793)。 … 〃A Residence in France from 1792 to 1795〃
(September; 1792。 Arras)。 See notes at the end of vol。 II。 for
the details of these violent proceedings。
'47' Mercure de France; March 5; June 4; September 3; October 22;
1791。 (Articles by Mallet du Pan。 … Ibid。 ; April 14; 1792。 More
than six hundred naval officers resigned after the mutiny of the
squadron at Brest。 〃Twenty…two grave revolts in the ports on
shipboard remained unpunished; and several of them through the
decisions of the naval jury。〃 〃There is no instance of any
insurrection; in the ports or on shipboard; or any outrage upon a
naval officer; having been punished。 。 。 。 It is not necessary
to seek elsewhere for the causes of the abandonment of the service
by naval officers。 According to their letters all offer their lives
to France; but refuse to command those who will not obey。〃
'48' This was done by Hitler against the Jews and by the Communists
against their 〃enemy〃 the bourgeois。 (SR。)
'49' Duvergier; 〃Decrees of August 1…6; 1791; February 9…11; 1792;
March 30 to April 8; 1792; July 24…28; 1792; March 28 to April 5;
1793。〃 … Report by Roland; January 6; 1793。 He estimates this
property at 4;800 millions; of which 1;800 millions must he de…
ducted for the creditors of the emigrants; 3;000 millions remain。
Now; at this date; the assignats are at a discount of 55 per cent。
from their nominal figure。
'50' Mercure de France;; February 18; 1792。
'51' Already Tacitus noted some 2000 years ago that; 〃It is part of
human nature to hate the man you have hurt。〃 (SR。)
'52' Cf。 on this general attitude of the clergy; Sauzay; V。 I。
and the whole of V。 II。 … Mercure de France; September 10; 1791:
〃No impartial man will fail to see that; in the midst of this
oppression; amidst so many fanatical charges of which the reproach
of fanaticism and revolt is the pretext; not one act of resistance
has yet been manifest。 Informers and municipal bodies; governed by
clubs; have caused a large number of non…jurors to be cast into
dungeons。 All have come out of them; or groan there untried; and no
tribunal has found any of them guilty。〃 … Report of M。 Cahier;
Minister of the Interior; February 18; 1792。 He declares that 〃he
had no knowledge of any priest being convicted by the courts as a
disturber of the public peace; although several had been accused。〃
… Moniteur May 6; 1792。 (Report of Fran?ais de Nantes) 〃Not one
has been punished for thirty months。〃
'53' On these spontaneous brutal acts of the Catholic peasants; cf。
〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3236 (Lozère; July…November; 1791)。
Deliberation of the district of Florac; July 6; 1791; and the
official statement of the commissioner of the department on the
disturbances in Espagnac。 On the 5th of July; Richard; a
constitutional curé; calls upon the municipality to proceed to his
installation。 〃The ceremony could not take place; owing to the
hooting; of the women and children; and the threats of various
persons who exclaimed: 'Kill him! strangle him; he is a Protestant;
is married; and has children;' and owing to the impossibility of
entering the church; the doors of which were obstructed by the large
number of women standing in front of them:〃… On the 6th of July; he
is installed; but with difficulty。 〃Inside the church a crowd of
women uttered loud cries and bemoaned the removal of their old curé
On returning; in the streets; a large number of women; unsettled by
the sight of the constitutional cure; turned their faces aside 。 。
。 and contented themselves with uttering disjointed words 。 …
without doing anything more than cover their faces with their
bonnets; casting themselves on the ground。〃 … July 15。 The clerk
will no longer serve at the mass nor ring the bells; the curé;
Richard; attempting to ring them himself; the people threaten him
with ill…treatment if he runs the risk。 … September 8; 1791。
Letter from the curé of Fau; district of Saint…Chély。 〃That night I
was on the brink of death through a troop of bandits who took my
parsonage away from me; after having broken in the doors and
windows。〃 … December 30; 1791。 Another curé who goes to take
possession of his parsonage is assailed with stones by sixty women;
and thus pursued beyond the limits of the parish 。 … August 5;
1791。 Petition of the constitutional bishop of Mende and his four
vicars。 〃Not a day passes that we are not insulted in the
performance of our duties。 We cannot take a step without
encountering hooting。 If we go out we are threatened with cowardly
assassination; and with being beaten with clubs。〃… F7; 3235 (Bas…
Rhin; letter from the Directory of the Department; April 9; 1792):
〃Ten out of eleven; at least; of the Catholics refuse to recognize
sworn priests。〃
'54' Duvergier; decrees (not sanctioned) of November 29 and May 27;
1792。 … Decree of August 26; 1792; after the fall of the throne。
… Moniteur; XII。 200 (sitting of April 23; 1793)。 Report of the
Minister of the Interior。
'55' Lallier; 〃Le District de Machecoul;〃 p。261; 263。 … 〃Archives
Nationales;〃 F7; 3234。 Demand of the prosecuting attorney of the
commune of Tonneins (December 21; 1791) for the arrest or expulsion
of eight priests 〃at the slightest act of internal or external
hostility。〃 … Ibid。; F7; 3264。 Act of the Council…general of
Corrèze (July 16; 17; 18; 1792) to place in arrest all nonjuring
priests。 … Between these two dates; act; of various kinds and of
increasing severity are found in nearly all the departments against
the non…jurors。
'56' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3250。 Official statement by the
directory of the department; March 18; 1791; with all the documents
in relation thereto。 … F7; 3200。 Letter of the Directory of
Calvados; June 13; 1792; with the interrogations。 The damages are
estimated at 15;000 livres。
'57' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3234。 An Act of the Directory of
Lot; February 24; 1792; on the disturbances at Marmande。 … F7;
3239; official statement of the municipal body of Rheims; November
5; 6; 7; 1791。 The two workmen are a harness…maker and a wool…
carder。 The priest who administered the baptism is put in prison as
a disturber of the public peace。 … F7; 3219。 Letter of the royal
commissioner at the tribunal of Castelsarrasin; March 5; 1792。 …
F7; 3203。 Letter of the directory of the district of La Rochelle;
June 1; 1792。 〃The armed force; a witness of these crimes and
summoned to arrest these persons in the act; refused to obey。〃
'58' Memorandum by Camille Jourdan (Sainte…Beuve; 〃Causeries du
Lundi;〃 XII。 250)。 The guard refuses to give any assistance;
coming too late and merely 〃to witness the disorder; never to
repress it。〃
'59' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3217。 Letters of the curé of Uzès;
January 29; 1792; of the curé of Alais; April 5; 1792; of the
administrators of Gard; July28; 1792; of the prosecuting attorney ;
M。 Griolet; July 2; 1792 ; of Castanet; former gendarme; August 25;
1792; of M。 Griolet; September 28; 1792。 … Ibid。 ; F7; 3223。
Petition by M。M。 Thueri and Devès in the name of the oppressed of
Montpellier; November 17; 1791; letter of the same to the minister;
October28; 1791; letter of M。 Dupin; prosecuting attorney ; August
23; 1791; Act of the Department; August 9