the origins of contemporary france-2-第26章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
He prefers everything to the present situation; 〃even civil war;〃
for 〃war; at least; invigorates the soul;〃 while here; 〃under the
dictatorship of demagogues; we are being drowned in slime。〃 Given up
to itself; Paris; in three months; 〃will certainly be a hospital;
and; perhaps; a theater of horrors。〃 Against the rabble and its
leaders; it is essential that the King should at once coalesce 〃with
his people;〃 that he should go to Rouen; appeal to the provinces;
provide a Centre for public opinion; and; if necessary; resort to
armed resistance。 Malouet; on his side; declares that 〃the
Revolution; since the 5th of October; 〃horrifies all sensible men;
and every party; but that it is complete and irresistible。〃 Thus the
three best minds that are associated with the Revolution those
whose verified prophecies attest genius or good sense; the only ones
who; for two or three years; and from week to week; have always
predicted wisely; and who have employed reason in their
demonstrations these three; Mallet du Pan; Mirabeau; Mabuet;
agree in their estimate of the event; and in measuring its
consequences。 The nation is gliding down a declivity; and no one
possesses the means or the force to arrest it。 The King cannot do
it : 〃undecided and weak beyond all expression; his character
resembles those oiled ivory balls which one vainly strives to keep
together。〃'47' And as for the Assembly; blinded; violated; and
impelled on by the theory it proclaims; and by the faction which
supports it; each of its grand decrees only renders its fall the
more precipitate。
________________________________________________________________
Notes:
'1' Bailly; 〃 Mémoires;〃 II。 195; 242。
'2' Elysée Loustalot; journalist; editor of the paper 〃Révolutions
de Paris;〃 was a young lawyer who had shown a natural genius for
innovative journalism。 He was to die already in 1790。 (SR。)
'3' Montjoie; ch。 LXX; p。 65。
'4' Bailly; II。 74; 174; 242; 261; 282; 345; 392。
'5' Such as domiciliary visits and arrests apparently made by
lunatics。 (〃Archives de la Préfecture de Police de Paris。〃) And
Montjoie; ch。 LXX。 p。67。 Expedition of the National Guard against
imaginary brigands who are cutting down the crops at Montmorency and
the volley fired in the air。 Conquest of Ile…Adam and Chantilly。
'6' Bailly; II。 46; 95; 232; 287; 296。
'7' 〃Archives de la Préfecture de Police;〃 minutes of the meeting of
the section of Butte des Moulins; October 5; 1789。
'8' Bailly; II。 224。 Dusaulx; 418; 202; 257; 174; 158。 The
powder transported was called poudre de traite (transport); the
people understood it as poudre de tra?tre (traitor)。 M。 de la Salle
was near being killed through the addition of an r。 It is he who
had taken command of the National Guard on the 13th of July。
'9' Floquet; VII。 54。 There is the same scene at Granville; in
Normandy; on the 16th of October。 A woman had assassinated her
husband; while a soldier who was her lover is her accomplice; the
woman was about to he hung and the man broken on the wheel; when the
populace shout; 〃The nation has the right of pardon;〃 upset the
scaffold; and save the two assassins。
'10' Bailly; II。 274 (August 17th)。
'11' Bailly; II; 83; 202; 230; 235; 283; 299。
'12' Mercure de France; the number for September 26th。 … De
Goncourt; p。 111。
'13' Mercier; 〃Tableau de Paris;〃 I; 58; X。 151。
'14' De Ferrières; I。 178。 Buchez and Roux; II。 311; 316。
Bai11y; II。 104; 174; 207; 246; 257; 282。
'15' Mercure de France; September 5th; 1789。 Horace Walpole's
Letters; September 5; 1789。 M。 de Lafayette; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 272。
During the week following the 14th of July; 6;000 soldiers deserted
and went over to the people; besides 400 and 800 Swiss Guards and
six battalions of the French Guards; who remain without officers;
and do as they please。 Vagabonds from the neighboring villages
flock in; and there are more than 〃30;000 strangers and vagrants〃 in
Paris。
'16' Bailly; II。 282。 The crowd of deserters was so great that
Lafayette was obliged to place a guard at the barriers to keep them
from entering the city。 〃Without this precaution the whole army
would have come in。〃
'17' De Ferrières; I。 103。 De Lavalette; I。 39。 Bailly; I。 53
(on the lawyers)。 〃It may be said that the success of the
Revolution is due to this class。〃 Marmontel; II。 243 〃Since the
first elections of Paris; in 1789; I remarked;〃 he says; 〃this
species of restless intriguing men; contending with each other to be
heard; impatient to make themselves prominent。。。。It is well known
what interest this body (the lawyers) had to change Reform into
Revolution; the Monarchy into a Republic; the object was to organize
for itself a perpetual aristocracy。〃 Buchez and Roux; II。 358
(article by C。 Desmoulins)。 〃In the districts everybody exhausts
his lungs and his time in trying to be president; vice…president;
secretary or vice…secretary〃
'18' Eugène Hatin; 〃Histoire de la Presse;〃 vol。 V。 p。 113。 〃Le
Patriote fran?ais〃 by Brissot; July 28; 1789。 〃L'Ami du Peuple;〃
by Marat; September 12; 1789。 〃Annales patriotiques et
littéraires;〃 by Carra and Mercier; October 5; 1789; 〃Les
Révolutions de Paris;〃 chief editor Loustalot; July 17th; 1789。 …
〃Le Tribun du peuple;〃 letters by (middle of 1789)。 … 〃Révolutions
de France et de Brabant;〃 by C。 Desmoulins; November 28; 1789; his
〃France libre〃 (I believe of the month of August; and his 〃Discours
de la Lanterne〃 of the month of September)。 … 〃The Moniteur〃 does
not make its appearance until November 24; 1789。 In the seventy
numbers which follow; up to February 3; 1790; the debates of the
Assembly were afterwards written out; amplified; and put in a
dramatic form。 All numbers anterior to February 3; 1790; are the
result of a compilation executed in the year IV。 The narrative part
during the first six months of the Revolution is of no value。 The
report of the sittings of the Assembly is more exact; but should be
revised sitting by sitting and discourse by discourse for a detailed
history of the National Assembly。 The principal authorities which
are really contemporary are; 〃Le Mercure de France;〃 〃Le Journal de
Paris;〃 〃Le point de Jour〃 by Barrère; the 〃Courrier de Versailles;〃
by Gorsas; the 〃Courrier de Provence〃 by Mirabeau; the 〃Journal des
Débats et Décrets;〃 the official reports of the National assembly;
the 〃Bulletin de l'Asemblée Nationale;〃 by Marat; besides the
newspapers above cited for the period following the 14th of July;
and the speeches; which are printed separately。
'19' C。 Desmoulins; letters of September 20th and of subsequent
dates。 (He quote; a passage from Lucan in the sense indicated)。
Brissot; 〃Mémoires;〃 passim。 Biography of Danton by Robinet。 (See
the testimony of Madame Roland and of Rousselin de Saint…Albin。)
'20' 〃Discours de la Lanterne。〃 See the epigraph of the engraving。
'21' Buchez and Roux; III。 55; article of Marat; October lst。
〃Sweep all the suspected men out of the H?tel…de…Ville。 。 。 。 。
Reduce the deputies of the communes to fifty; do not let them remain
in office more than a month or six weeks; and compel them to
transact business only in public。〃 And II。 412; another article
by Marat。 Ibid。 III。 21。 An article by Loustalot。 … C。
Desmoulins; 〃Discours de la Lanterne;〃 passim。 Bailly; II。 326。
'22' Mounier; 〃Des causes qui ont empêche les Fran?ais d'être
libre;〃 I。 59。 … Lally…Tollendal; second letter; 104。
Bailly; II。 203。
'23' De Bouillé; 207。 Lally…Tollendal; ibid; 141; 146。
Mounier; ibid。; 41; 60。
'24' Mercure de France; October 2; 1790 (article of Mallet du Pan:
〃I saw it〃)。 Criminal proceedings at the Chatelet on the events of
October 5th and 6th。 Deposition of M。 Feydel; a deputy; No。 178。 …
… De Montlosier; i。 259。 Desmoulins (La Lanterne)。 〃Some members
of the communes are gradually won over by pensions; by plans for
making a fortune and by flattery。 Happily; the incorruptible
galleries are always on the side of the patriots。 They represent
the tribunes of the people seated on a bench in attendance on the
deliberations of the Senate and who had the veto。 They represent
the metropolis and; fortunately; it is under the batteries of the
metropolis that the constitution is being framed。〃 (C。 Desmoulins;
simple…minded politician; always let the cat out of the bag。)
'25' 〃Procédure du Chatelet;〃 Ibid。 Deposition of M。 Malouet (No。
111)。 〃I received every day; as well as MM。 Lally and Mounier;
anonymous letters and lists of proscriptions on which we were
inscribed。 These letters announced a prompt and violent death to
every deputy that advocated the authority of the King。〃
'26' Buchez and Roux; I。 368; 376。 Bailly; II。 326; 341。 …
Mounier; ibid。; 62; 75。
'27' Etienne Dumont; 145。 Correspondence between Comte de
Mirabeau and Comte de la Marck。
'28' 〃Procédure criminelle du Chatelet;〃 Deposition 148。 … Buchez
and Roux; III。 67; 65。 (Narrative of Desmoulins; article of
Loustalot。) Mercure de France; number for September 5; 1789。
〃Sunday evening; August 30; at the Palais…Royal; the expulsion of
several deputies of every class was demanded; and especially some of
those from Dauphiny。 。 。 They spoke of bringing the King to Paris as
well as the Dauphin。 All virtuous citizens; every incorruptible
patriot; was exhorted to set out immediately for Versailles。〃
'29' These acts of violence were not reprisals; nothing of the kind
took place at the banquet of the body…guards (October 1st)。 〃Amidst
the general joy;〃 says an eye…witness; I heard no insults against
the National Assembly; nor against the popular party; nor against
anybody。 The only cries were 'Vive le Roi! Vive la Reine! We will
defend them to the death!'〃 (Madame de Larochejacquelein; p。40。 …
Ibid。 Madame Campan; another eye…witness。) It appears to be
certain; however; that the younger members of the National Guard at
Versailles turned their cockades so as to be like other people; and
it is also probable that some of the ladies distributed white
cockades。 The rest is a story made up before and after the event to
justify the insurrection。 Cf。 Lerol; 〃Histoire de Versailles;〃
II。 20…107。 Ibid。 p。 141。 〃As to that proscription of the
national cockade; all witnesses deny it。〃 The originator of the
calumny is Gorsas; editor of the Courrier de Versailles。
'30' 〃Procédure Criminelle du Chatelet。〃 Depositions 88; 110; 120;
126; 127; 140; 146; 148。 Marmontel; 〃Mémoires;〃 a conversation
with Champfort; in May; 1789。 Morellet; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 398。
(According to the evidence of Garat; Champfort gave all his savings;
3;000 livres; to defray the expenses of maneuvers of this
description。) Malouet (II。 2)。 knew four of