the origins of contemporary france-2-第15章

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have　burned　Ruffec；　Vernenil；　La　Rochefoucauld；　and　other　places。

The　next　day　countrymen　flock　in　to　give　their　aid　against　bandits

who　are　still　absent。　　〃At　nine　o'clock；〃　says　a　witness；　〃we　had

40；000　men　in　the　town；　to　whom　we　showed　our　gratitude。〃　As　the

bandits　do　not　show　themselves；　it　must　be　because　they　are

concealed；　a　hundred　horsemen；　a　large　number　of　men　on　foot；　start

out　to　search　the　forest　of　Bra？onne；　and　to　their　great　surprise

they　find　nothing。　　But　the　terror　is　not　allayed；　〃during　the

following　days　a　guard　is　kept　mounted；　and　companies　are　enrolled

among　the　townsmen；〃　while　Bordeaux；　duly　informed；　dispatches　a

courier　to　offer　the　support　of　20；000　men　and　even　30；000。　　〃What

is　surprising；〃　adds　the　narrator；　is　that　at　ten　leagues　off　in　the

neighborhood；　in　each　parish；　a　similar　disturbance　took　place；　and

at　about　the　same　hour。〃　　All　that　is　required　is　that　a　girl；

returning　to　the　village　at　night；　should　meet　two　men　who　do　not

belong　to　the　neighborhood。　　The　case　is　the　same　in　Auvergne。

Whole　parishes；　on　the　strength　of　this；　betake　themselves　at　night

to　the　woods；　abandoning　their　houses；　and　carrying　away　their

furniture；　〃the　fugitives　trod　down　and　destroyed　their　own　crops；

pregnant　women　were　injured　in　the　forests；　and　others　lost　their

wits。〃　Fear　lends　them　wings。　　Two　years　after　this；　Madame　Campan

was　shown　a　rocky　peak　on　which　a　woman　had　taken　refuge；　and　from

which　she　was　obliged　to　be　let　down　with　ropes。　　　The　people　at

last　return　to　their　homes；　and　resume　their　usual　routines。　　But

such　large　masses　are　not　unsettled　with　impunity；　a　tumult　like

this　is；　in　itself；　a　lively　source　of　alarm。　　As　the　country　did

rise；　it　must　have　been　on　account　of　threatened　danger　and　if　the

peril　was　not　due　to　brigands；　it　must　have　come　from　some　other

quarter。　　Arthur　Young；　at　Dijon　and　in　Alsace；＇12＇　hears　at　the

public　dinner　tables　that　the　Queen　had　formed　a　plot　to　undermine

the　National　Assembly　and　to　massacre　all　Paris。　　Later　on　he　is

arrested　in　a　village　near　Clermont；　and　examined　because　he　is

evidently　conspiring　with　the　Queen　and　the　Comte　d'Entraigues　to

blow　up　the　town　and　send　the　survivors　to　the　galleys。



No　argument；　no　experience　has　any　effect　against　the　multiplying

phantoms　of　an　over…excited　imagination。　　Henceforth　every　commune；

and　every　man；　provide　themselves　with　arms　and　keep　them　ready　for

use。　　The　peasant　searches　his　hoard；　and　〃finds　from　ten　to　twelve

francs　for　the　purchase　of　a　gun。〃　〃A　national　militia　is　found　in

the　poorest　village。〃　Burgess　guards　and　companies　of　volunteers

patrol　all　the　towns。　　Military　commanders　deliver　arms；　ammunition；

and　equipment；　on　the　requisition　of　municipal　bodies；　while；　in

case　of　refusal；　the　arsenals　are　pillaged；　and；　voluntarily　or　by

force；　four　hundred　thousand　guns　thus　pass　into　the　hands　of　the

people　in　six　months。＇13＇　Not　content　with　this　they　must　have

cannon。　　Brest　having　demanded　two；　every　town　in　Brittany　does　the

same　thing；　their　self…esteem　is　at　stake　as　well　as　a　need　of

feeling　themselves　strong。　　…　　They　lack　nothing　now　to　render

themselves　masters。　　All　authority；　all　force；　every　means　of

constraint　and　of　intimidation　is　in　their　hands；　and　in　theirs

alone；　and　these　sovereign　hands　have　nothing　to　guide　them　in　this

actual　interregnum　of　all　legal　powers；　but　the　wild　or　murderous

suggestions　of　hunger　or　distrust。



　V。



Attacks　on　public　individuals　and　public　property。　　…　At　Strasbourg。

…　At　Cherbourg。　　…　At　Mauberge。　　…　At　Rouen。　　…　At　Besan？on。　　…　At

Troyes。



It　would　take　too　much　space　to　recount　all　the　violent　acts　which

were　committed；　…　convoys　arrested；　grain　pillaged；　millers　and　corn

merchants　hung；　decapitated；　slaughtered；　farmers　called　upon　under

the　threats　of　death　to　give　up　even　the　seed　reserved　for　sowing；

proprietors　ransomed　and　houses　sacked。＇14＇　These　outrages；

unpunished；　tolerated　and　even　excused　or　badly　suppressed；　are

constantly　repeated；　and　are；　at　first；　directed　against　public　men

and　public　property。　　As　is　commonly　the　case；　the　rabble　head　the

march　and　stamp　the　character　of　the　whole　insurrection。



On　the　19th　of　July；　at　Strasbourg；　on　the　news　of　Necker's　return

to　office；　it　interprets　after　its　own　fashion　the　public　joy；　which

it　witnesses。　　Five　or　six　hundred　beggars；＇15＇　their　numbers　soon

increased　by　the　petty　tradesmen；　rush　to　the　town　hall；　the

magistrates　only　having　time　to　fly　through　a　back　door。　　The

soldiers；　on　their　part；　with　arms　in　their　hands；　allow　all　these

things　to　go　on；　while　several　of　them　spur　the　assailants　on。　　The

windows　are　dashed　to　pieces　under　a　hailstorm　of　stones；　the　doors

are　forced　with　iron　crowbars；　and　the　populace　enter　amid　a　burst

of　acclamations　from　the　spectators。　　Immediately；　through　every

opening　in　the　building；　which　has　a　facade　frontage　of　eighty　feet；

〃　there　is　a　shower　of　shutters；　sashes；　chairs；　tables；　sofas；

books　and　papers；　and　then　another　of　tiles；　boards；　balconies　and

fragments　of　wood…work。〃　The　public　archives　are　thrown　to　the　wind；

and　the　surrounding　streets　are　strewed　with　them；　the　letters　of

enfranchisement；　the　charters　of　privileges；　all　the　authentic　acts

which；　since　Louis　XIV；　have　guaranteed　the　liberties　of　the　town；

perish　in　the　flames。　　Some　of　the　rabble　in　the　cellars　stave　in

casks　of　precious　wine；　fifteen　thousand　measures　of　it　are　lost；

making　a　pool　five　feet　deep　in　which　several　are　drowned。　　Others；

loaded　with　booty；　go　away　under　the　eyes　of　the　soldiers　without

being　arrested。　　The　havoc　continues　for　three　days；　a　number　of

houses　belonging　to　some　of　the　magistrates　〃are　sacked　from　garret

to　cellar。〃　When　the　honest　citizens　at　last　obtain　arms　and　restore

order；　they　are　content　with　the　hanging　of　one　of　the　robbers；

although；　in　order　to　please　the　people；　the　magistrates　are　changed

and　the　price　of　bread　and　meat　is　reduced。　　…　　It　is　not　surprising

that　after　such　tactics；　and　with　such　rewards；　the　riot　should

spread　through　the　neighborhood　far　and　near：　in　fact；　starting　from

Strasbourg　it　overruns　Alsace；　while　in　the　country　as　in　the　city；

there　are　always　drunkards　and　rascals　found　to　head　it。



No　matter　where；　be　it　in　the　East；　in　the　West；　or　in　the　North；

the　instigators　are　always　of　this　stamp。　　At　Cherbourg；　on　the　21st

of　July；＇16＇　the　two　leaders　of　the　riot　are　〃　highway　robbers；〃　who

place　themselves　at　the　head　of　women　of　the　suburbs；　foreign

sailors；　the　populace　of　the　harbor；　and　it　includes　soldiers　in

workmen's　smocks。　　They　force　the　delivery　of　the　keys　of　the　grain

warehouses；　and　wreck　the　dwellings　of　the　three　richest　merchants；

also　that　of　M。　de　Garantot；　the　sub…delegate：　〃All　records　and

papers　are　burnt；　at　M。　de　Garantot's　alone　the　loss　is　estimated　at

more　than　100；000　crowns　at　least。〃　　The　same　instinct　of

destruction　prevails　everywhere；　a　sort　of　envious　fury　against　all

who　possess；　command；　or　enjoy　anything。　　At　Maubeuge；　on　the　27th

of　July；　at　the　very　assembly　of　the　representatives　of　the

commune；＇17＇　the　rabble　interferes　directly　in　its　usual　fashion。　　A

band　of　nail　and　gun…makers　takes　possession　of　the　town…hall；　and

obliges　the　mayor　to　reduce　the　price　of　bread。　　Almost　immediately

after　this　another　band　follows　uttering　cries　of　death；　and　smashes

the　windows；　while　the　garrison；　which　has　been　ordered　out；　quietly

contemplates　the　damage　done。　　Death　to　the　mayor；　to　all　rulers；

and　to　all　employees！　The　rioters　force　open　the　prisons；　set　the

prisoners　free；　and　attack　the　tax…offices。　　The　octroi　offices　are

demolished　from　top　to　bottom：　they　pull　down　the　harbor　offices　and

throw　the　scales　and　weights　into　the　river。　　All　the　custom　and

excise　stores　are　carried　off；　and　the　officials　are　compelled　to

give　acquaintances。　　The　houses　of　the　registrar　and　of　the　sheriff；

that　of　the　revenue　comptroller；　two　hundred　yards　outside　the　town；

are　sacked；　the　doors　and　the　windows　are　smashed；　the　furniture　and

linen　is　torn　to　shreds；　and　　the　plate　and　jewelry　is　thrown　into

the　wells。　　The　same　havoc　is　committed　in　the　mayor's　town…house；

also　in　his　country…house　a　league　off。　　〃Not　a　window；　not　a　door；

not　one　article　or　eatable　〃　is　preserved；　their　work；　moreover；　is

conscientiously　done；　without　stopping　a　moment；　〃from　ten　in　the

evening　up　to　ten　in　the　morning　on　the　following　day。〃　In　addition

to　this　the　mayor；　who　has　served　for　thirty…four　years；　resigns　his

office　at　the　solicitation　of　the　well…disposed　but　terrified

people；　and　leaves　the　country。　　　At　Rouen；　after　the　24th　of

July；＇18＇　a　written　placard　shows；　by　its　orthography　and　its　style；

what　sort　of　intellects　composed　it　and　what　kind　of　actions　are　to

follow　it：



〃Nation；　you　have　here　four　heads　to　strike　off；　those　of　Pontcarry

（the　first　president）；　Maussion　（the　intendant）；　Godard　de　Belb？uf

（the　attorney…general）；　and　Durand　（the　attorney　of　the　King　in　the

town）。　　Without　this　we　are　lost；　and　if　you　do　not　do　it；　people

will　take　you　for　a　heartless　nation。〃



Nothing　could　be　more　explicit。　　The　municipal　body；　however；　to

whom　the　Parliament　denounces　this　list　of　proscriptions；　replies；

with　its　forced　optimism；　that



　〃no　citizen　should　consider　himself　or　be　considered　as　proscribed；

he　may　and　must　believe　himself　to　be　safe　in　his　own　dwelling；

satisfied　that　there　is　not　a　person　in　the　city　who　would　not　fly

to　his　rescue。〃



This　is　equal　to　telling　the　populace　that　it　is　free　to　do　as　it

pleases。　　On　the　strength　of　this　the　leaders　of　the　riot　work　on　in

security　for　ten　days。　　One　of　them　is　a　man　named　Jourdain；　a

lawyer　of　Lisieux；　and；　like　most　of　his　brethren；　a　demagogue　in

principles；　the　other　is　a　strolling　actor　from　Paris　named　Bordier；

famous　in　the　part　of　harlequin；＇19＇　a　bully　in　a　house　of　ill…fame；

〃a　night…rover　and　drunkard；　and　who；　fearing　neither　God　nor

devil；〃　has　taken　up　patriotism；　and　comes　down　into　the　provinces

to　play　tragedy；　and　that；　tragedy　in　real　life。　　The　fifth　act

begins　on　the　night　of　the　3rd　of　August；　with　Bordier　and　Jourdain

as　the　principal　actors；　and　behind　them　the　rabble　along　with

several　companies　of　fresh　volunteers。　　A　shout　is　heard；　〃Death　to

the　monopolists！　death　to　Maussion！　we　must　have　his　head！〃　They

pillage　his　hotel：　many　of　them　become　intoxicated　and　fall　asleep

in　his　cellar。　　The　revenue　offices；　the　toll…gates　of　the　town；　the

excise　office；　all　buildings　in　which　the　royal　revenue　is

collected；　are　wrecked。　　Immense　bonfires　are　lighted　in　the　streets

and　on　the　old　market　square；　furniture；　clothes；　papers；　kitchen

utensils；　are　all　thrown　in　pell…mell；　while　carriages　are　dragged

out　and　tumbled　into　the　Seine。　　It　is　only　when　the　town…hall　is

attacked　that　the　Natio