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theologico-political treatise p3(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢3)-及7嫗


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the   last   chapter��   I   will   remark   that   Moses   did   not   seek   to   convince   the 

Jews     by    reason�察   �but   bound     them     by   a  covenant�察     �by   oaths�察   �and   by 

conferring benefits�察  �further�察 �he  threatened the  people  with   punishment   if 

they should infringe the law�察�and promised rewards if they should obey it。 

��14��  All   these   are   not   means   for   teaching   knowledge�察  �but   for   inspiring 

obedience。   ��15��   The   doctrine   of   the   Gospels   enjoins   nothing   but   simple 

faith�察  �namely�察  �to   believe   in   God   and   to   honour   Him�察  �which   is   the   same 

thing as to obey him。  ��16�� There is no occasion   for me to throw  further 

light    on   a   question     so   plain   by   citing    Scriptural    texts    commending 

obedience�察�such as may be found in great numbers in both Testaments。 ��17�� 

Moreover�察�the   Bible teaches very clearly  in a great many  passages  what 

everyone ought to do in order to obey God�察�the whole duty is summed up 

in love to one's neighbour。 ��18�� It cannot�察�therefore�察�be denied that he who 

by God's   command   loves his   neighbour as   himself   is   truly  obedient   and 

blessed   according   to   the   law�察  �whereas   he   who   hates   his   neighbour   or 

neglects him is rebellious and obstinate。 

     ��19�� Lastly�察�it is plain to everyone that the Bible was not written and 

disseminated   only�察  �for   the   learned�察  �but   for   men   of   every   age   and   race�察�

wherefore       we   may�察   �rest   assured    that   we   are   not   bound     by   Scriptural 

command   to   believe   anything   beyond   what   is   absolutely   necessary�察  �for 

fulfilling its main precept。 



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     ��20�� This precept�察�then�察�is the only standard of the whole Catholic faith�察�

and by it alone all the dogmas needful to be believed should be determined。 

��21�� So much being abundantly manifest�察�as is also the fact that all other 

doctrines   of   the   faith   can   be   legitimately   deduced   therefrom   by   reason 

alone�察�I leave it to every man to decide for himself how it comes to pass 

that so many divisions have arisen in the Church�此�can it be from any other 

cause than those suggested at the beginning of Chap。 VIII。�拭。�22�� It is these 

same causes which compel me to explain the method of determining the 

dogmas   of   the   faith   from   the   foundation   we   have   discovered�察  �for   if   I 

neglected to do so�察�and put the question on a regular basis�察�I might justly 

be   said   to   have   promised   too    lavishly�察  �for   that   anyone   might�察  �by   my 

showing�察�introduce any doctrine he liked into religion�察�under the  pretext 

that it was a necessary means to obedience�此�especially would this be the 

case in questions respecting the Divine attributes。 

     ��23�� In order�察�therefore�察�to set forth the whole matter methodically�察�I 

will begin with a definition of faith�察�which on the principle above given�察�

should be as follows�此� 

     ��24�� Faith consists in a knowledge of God�察�without which obedience to 

Him would be impossible�察�and which the mere fact of obedience to Him 

implies。 ��25�� This definition is so clear�察�and follows so plainly from what 

we     have    already     proved�察   �that   it  needs     no   explanation。      ��26��   The 

consequences involved therein I will now briefly show。 

     ��27��    ��I。��  Faith  is  not  salutary    in  itself�察 �but  only   in  respect    to  the 

obedience it implies�察�or as James puts it in his Epistle�察�ii��17�察 �Faith without 

works is dead; ��see the whole of the chapter quoted��。 

     ��28��   ��II。��  He   who   is   truly   obedient   necessarily   possesses      true   and 

saving faith�察�for if obedience be granted�察�faith must be granted also�察�as the 

same Apostle   expressly   says   in   these   words   ��ii��18���察   �Show   me   thy   faith 

without thy works�察�and I will show thee my faith by my works。; ��29�� So 

also John�察�I Ep。 iv��7�此 �Everyone that loveth is born of God�察�and knoweth 

God�此  �he   that   loveth   not�察  �knoweth   not   God�察  �for   God   is   love。;   ��30��   From 

these texts�察�I repeat�察�it follows that   we can only judge   a man faithful   or 

unfaithful by his works。 ��31�� If his works be good�察�he is faithful�察�however 

much his doctrines may differ from those of the rest of the faithful�此�if his 



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works be evil�察�though he may verbally conform�察�he is unfaithful。 ��32�� For 

obedience implies faith�察�and faith without works is dead。 

     ��33��   John�察  �in   the   13th   verse   of   the   chapter   above   quoted�察  �expressly 

teaches the same doctrine�此 �Hereby�察─�he says�察 �know we that we dwell in 

Him and He in us�察�because He hath given us of His Spirit�察─�i。e。 love。 ��34�� 

He had said before that   God is   love�察�and   therefore he   concludes ��on   his 

own   received   principles���察  �that   whoso   possesses   love   possesses   truly   the 

Spirit of God。 ��35�� As no one has beheld God   he infers that no one   has 

knowledge        or   consciousness       of   God�察   �except    from    love    towards     his 

neighbour�察  �and   also   that   no   one   can   have   knowledge   of   any   of   God's 

attributes�察�except this of love�察�in so far as we participate therein。 

     ��36�� If these arguments are not conclusive�察�they�察�at any rate�察�show the 

Apostle's meaning�察�but the words in chap。 ii��3�察�4�察�of the same Epistle are 

much   clearer�察  �for   they   state   in   so   many   words   our   precise   contention�此�

;And      hereby     we    do    know     that    we    know     Him�察    �if  we    keep     His 

commandments。   ��37��   He   that   saith�察  �I   know   Him�察  �and   keepeth   not   His 

commandments�察�is a liar�察�and the truth is not in him。; 

     ��38�� From all this�察�I repeat�察�it follows that they are the true enemies of 

Christ   who      persecute   honourable       and   justice´loving   men       because    they 

differ    from    them�察   �and    do   not  uphold     the   same    religious    dogmas      as 

themselves�此�for whosoever loves justice and charity we know�察�by that very 

fact�察  �to   be   faithful�此  �whosoever   persecutes   the   faithful�察  �is   an   enemy   to 

Christ。 

     ��39�� Lastly�察�it follows that faith does not demand that dogmas should 

be true as that they should be pious ´ that is�察�such as will stir up the heart 

to obey�察�though there be many such which contain not a shadow of truth�察�

so    long   as   they   be  held    in  good    faith�察 �otherwise     their   adherents     are 

disobedient�察�for how can anyone�察�desirous of loving justice and   obeying 

God�察�adore as Divine what he knows to be alien from the Divine nature�拭�

��40�� However�察�men may err from simplicity of mind�察�and Scripture�察�as we 

have   seen�察  �does   not   condemn   ignorance�察  �but   obstinacy。   ��41��   This   is   the 

necessary   result   of   our   definition   of   faith�察  �and   all   its   branches   should 

spring from the universal rule above given�察�and from the evident aim and 

object of the Bible�察�unless we choose to mix our own inventions therewith。 



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��42�� Thus it is not true doctrines which are expressly required by the Bible�察�

so much as doctrines necessary for obedience�察�and to confirm in our hearts 

the love of our neighbour�察�wherein ��to adopt the words of John�� we are in 

God�察�and God in us。 

     ��43�� As�察�then�察�each man's faith must be judged pious or impious only 

in respect of its producing obedience or obstinacy�察�and not in respect of its 

truth�察�and as no one will dispute that men's dispositions are exceedingly 

varied�察�that all do not acquiesce in the same things�察�but are ruled some by 

one opinion some by another�察�so that what moves one to devotion moves 

another to laughter and contempt�察�it follows that there can be no doctrines 

in the Catholic�察�or universal�察�religion�察�which can give rise to controversy 

among       good    men。    ��44��   Such    doctrines     might    be   pious   to   some    and 

impious to others�察�whereas they should be judged solely by their fruits。 

     ��45�� To the universal religion�察�then�察�belong only such dogmas as are 

absolutely required in order to attain obedience to God�察�and without which 

such   obedience   would   be   impossible�察  �as   for   the   rest�察  �each   man   ´   seeing 

that   he  is   the  best   judge of   his   own   character  should   adopt   whatever  he 

thinks best adapted to strengthen his love of justice。 ��46�� If this were so�察�I 

think there would be no further occasion for controversies in the Church。 

     ��47��    I  have    now     no   further   fear   in   enumerating       the  dogmas      of 

universal   faith     or  the   fundamental      dogmas      of  the   whole    of  Scripture�察�

inasmuch as they all tend ��as may be seen from what has been said�� to this 

one   doctrine�察  �namely�察  �that   there   exists   a   God�察  �that   is�察  �a   Supreme   Being�察�

Who   loves   justice   and   charity�察  �and   Who   must   be   obeyed   by   whosoever 

would be saved�察�that the worship of this Being consists in the practice of 

justice   and   love   towards   one's   neighbour�察  �and   that   they   contain   nothing 

beyond the following doctrines �此� 

     ��48��   I。   That   God   or   a   Supreme   Being   exists�察  �sovereignly   just   and 

merciful�察�the  Exemplar  of  the  true life�察�that   whosoever is ignorant of   or 

disbelieves in His existence cannot obey Him or know Him as a Judge。 

     ��49�� II。 That He is One。 ��50�� Nobody will dispute that this doctrine is 

absolutely   necessary   for   entire   devotion�察  �admiration�察  �and   love   towards 

God。 ��51�� For devotion�察�admiration�察�and love spring from the superiority 

of one over all else。 



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     ��52�� III。 That He is omnipresent�察�or that all things are open to Him�察�for 

if   anything      could    be   supposed      to  be   concealed      from    Him�察    �or  to   be 

unnoticed   by�察  �Him�察  �we   might   doubt   or   be   ignorant   of   the   equity   of   His 

judgment as directing all things。 

     ��53�� IV。 That He has supreme right and dominion over all things�察�and 

that He does nothing under compulsion�察�but by His absolute fiat and grace。 

��54�� All things are bound to obey Him�察�He is not bound to obey any。 

     ��55�� V。 That the worship of God consists only in justice and charity�察�or 

love towards one's neighbour。 

     ��56�� VI。 That all those�察�and those only�察�who

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