theologico-political treatise p3(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢3)-及7嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
the last chapter�� I will remark that Moses did not seek to convince the
Jews by reason�察 �but bound them by a covenant�察 �by oaths�察 �and by
conferring benefits�察 �further�察 �he threatened the people with punishment if
they should infringe the law�察�and promised rewards if they should obey it。
��14�� All these are not means for teaching knowledge�察 �but for inspiring
obedience。 ��15�� The doctrine of the Gospels enjoins nothing but simple
faith�察 �namely�察 �to believe in God and to honour Him�察 �which is the same
thing as to obey him。 ��16�� There is no occasion for me to throw further
light on a question so plain by citing Scriptural texts commending
obedience�察�such as may be found in great numbers in both Testaments。 ��17��
Moreover�察�the Bible teaches very clearly in a great many passages what
everyone ought to do in order to obey God�察�the whole duty is summed up
in love to one's neighbour。 ��18�� It cannot�察�therefore�察�be denied that he who
by God's command loves his neighbour as himself is truly obedient and
blessed according to the law�察 �whereas he who hates his neighbour or
neglects him is rebellious and obstinate。
��19�� Lastly�察�it is plain to everyone that the Bible was not written and
disseminated only�察 �for the learned�察 �but for men of every age and race�察�
wherefore we may�察 �rest assured that we are not bound by Scriptural
command to believe anything beyond what is absolutely necessary�察 �for
fulfilling its main precept。
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��20�� This precept�察�then�察�is the only standard of the whole Catholic faith�察�
and by it alone all the dogmas needful to be believed should be determined。
��21�� So much being abundantly manifest�察�as is also the fact that all other
doctrines of the faith can be legitimately deduced therefrom by reason
alone�察�I leave it to every man to decide for himself how it comes to pass
that so many divisions have arisen in the Church�此�can it be from any other
cause than those suggested at the beginning of Chap。 VIII。�拭。�22�� It is these
same causes which compel me to explain the method of determining the
dogmas of the faith from the foundation we have discovered�察 �for if I
neglected to do so�察�and put the question on a regular basis�察�I might justly
be said to have promised too lavishly�察 �for that anyone might�察 �by my
showing�察�introduce any doctrine he liked into religion�察�under the pretext
that it was a necessary means to obedience�此�especially would this be the
case in questions respecting the Divine attributes。
��23�� In order�察�therefore�察�to set forth the whole matter methodically�察�I
will begin with a definition of faith�察�which on the principle above given�察�
should be as follows�此�
��24�� Faith consists in a knowledge of God�察�without which obedience to
Him would be impossible�察�and which the mere fact of obedience to Him
implies。 ��25�� This definition is so clear�察�and follows so plainly from what
we have already proved�察 �that it needs no explanation。 ��26�� The
consequences involved therein I will now briefly show。
��27�� ��I。�� Faith is not salutary in itself�察 �but only in respect to the
obedience it implies�察�or as James puts it in his Epistle�察�ii��17�察 �Faith without
works is dead; ��see the whole of the chapter quoted��。
��28�� ��II。�� He who is truly obedient necessarily possesses true and
saving faith�察�for if obedience be granted�察�faith must be granted also�察�as the
same Apostle expressly says in these words ��ii��18���察 �Show me thy faith
without thy works�察�and I will show thee my faith by my works。; ��29�� So
also John�察�I Ep。 iv��7�此 �Everyone that loveth is born of God�察�and knoweth
God�此 �he that loveth not�察 �knoweth not God�察 �for God is love。; ��30�� From
these texts�察�I repeat�察�it follows that we can only judge a man faithful or
unfaithful by his works。 ��31�� If his works be good�察�he is faithful�察�however
much his doctrines may differ from those of the rest of the faithful�此�if his
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works be evil�察�though he may verbally conform�察�he is unfaithful。 ��32�� For
obedience implies faith�察�and faith without works is dead。
��33�� John�察 �in the 13th verse of the chapter above quoted�察 �expressly
teaches the same doctrine�此 �Hereby�察─�he says�察 �know we that we dwell in
Him and He in us�察�because He hath given us of His Spirit�察─�i。e。 love。 ��34��
He had said before that God is love�察�and therefore he concludes ��on his
own received principles���察 �that whoso possesses love possesses truly the
Spirit of God。 ��35�� As no one has beheld God he infers that no one has
knowledge or consciousness of God�察 �except from love towards his
neighbour�察 �and also that no one can have knowledge of any of God's
attributes�察�except this of love�察�in so far as we participate therein。
��36�� If these arguments are not conclusive�察�they�察�at any rate�察�show the
Apostle's meaning�察�but the words in chap。 ii��3�察�4�察�of the same Epistle are
much clearer�察 �for they state in so many words our precise contention�此�
;And hereby we do know that we know Him�察 �if we keep His
commandments。 ��37�� He that saith�察 �I know Him�察 �and keepeth not His
commandments�察�is a liar�察�and the truth is not in him。;
��38�� From all this�察�I repeat�察�it follows that they are the true enemies of
Christ who persecute honourable and justice´loving men because they
differ from them�察 �and do not uphold the same religious dogmas as
themselves�此�for whosoever loves justice and charity we know�察�by that very
fact�察 �to be faithful�此 �whosoever persecutes the faithful�察 �is an enemy to
Christ。
��39�� Lastly�察�it follows that faith does not demand that dogmas should
be true as that they should be pious ´ that is�察�such as will stir up the heart
to obey�察�though there be many such which contain not a shadow of truth�察�
so long as they be held in good faith�察 �otherwise their adherents are
disobedient�察�for how can anyone�察�desirous of loving justice and obeying
God�察�adore as Divine what he knows to be alien from the Divine nature�拭�
��40�� However�察�men may err from simplicity of mind�察�and Scripture�察�as we
have seen�察 �does not condemn ignorance�察 �but obstinacy。 ��41�� This is the
necessary result of our definition of faith�察 �and all its branches should
spring from the universal rule above given�察�and from the evident aim and
object of the Bible�察�unless we choose to mix our own inventions therewith。
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��42�� Thus it is not true doctrines which are expressly required by the Bible�察�
so much as doctrines necessary for obedience�察�and to confirm in our hearts
the love of our neighbour�察�wherein ��to adopt the words of John�� we are in
God�察�and God in us。
��43�� As�察�then�察�each man's faith must be judged pious or impious only
in respect of its producing obedience or obstinacy�察�and not in respect of its
truth�察�and as no one will dispute that men's dispositions are exceedingly
varied�察�that all do not acquiesce in the same things�察�but are ruled some by
one opinion some by another�察�so that what moves one to devotion moves
another to laughter and contempt�察�it follows that there can be no doctrines
in the Catholic�察�or universal�察�religion�察�which can give rise to controversy
among good men。 ��44�� Such doctrines might be pious to some and
impious to others�察�whereas they should be judged solely by their fruits。
��45�� To the universal religion�察�then�察�belong only such dogmas as are
absolutely required in order to attain obedience to God�察�and without which
such obedience would be impossible�察 �as for the rest�察 �each man ´ seeing
that he is the best judge of his own character should adopt whatever he
thinks best adapted to strengthen his love of justice。 ��46�� If this were so�察�I
think there would be no further occasion for controversies in the Church。
��47�� I have now no further fear in enumerating the dogmas of
universal faith or the fundamental dogmas of the whole of Scripture�察�
inasmuch as they all tend ��as may be seen from what has been said�� to this
one doctrine�察 �namely�察 �that there exists a God�察 �that is�察 �a Supreme Being�察�
Who loves justice and charity�察 �and Who must be obeyed by whosoever
would be saved�察�that the worship of this Being consists in the practice of
justice and love towards one's neighbour�察 �and that they contain nothing
beyond the following doctrines �此�
��48�� I。 That God or a Supreme Being exists�察 �sovereignly just and
merciful�察�the Exemplar of the true life�察�that whosoever is ignorant of or
disbelieves in His existence cannot obey Him or know Him as a Judge。
��49�� II。 That He is One。 ��50�� Nobody will dispute that this doctrine is
absolutely necessary for entire devotion�察 �admiration�察 �and love towards
God。 ��51�� For devotion�察�admiration�察�and love spring from the superiority
of one over all else。
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��52�� III。 That He is omnipresent�察�or that all things are open to Him�察�for
if anything could be supposed to be concealed from Him�察 �or to be
unnoticed by�察 �Him�察 �we might doubt or be ignorant of the equity of His
judgment as directing all things。
��53�� IV。 That He has supreme right and dominion over all things�察�and
that He does nothing under compulsion�察�but by His absolute fiat and grace。
��54�� All things are bound to obey Him�察�He is not bound to obey any。
��55�� V。 That the worship of God consists only in justice and charity�察�or
love towards one's neighbour。
��56�� VI。 That all those�察�and those only�察�who