of the epidemics-第2章

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small　and　bad；　and　crude　sediments；　these　being　the　worst　of　all。



Coughs　attended　these　fevers；　but　I　cannot　state　that　any　harm　or　good



ever　resulted　from　the　cough。



　　3。　The　most　of　these　were　protracted　and　troublesome；　went　on　in　a



very　disorderly　and　irregular　form；　and；　for　the　most　part；　did　in　a



crisis；　either　in　the　fatal　cases　or　in　the　others；　for　if　it　left



some　of　them　for　a　season　it　soon　returned　again。　In　a　few　instances



the　lever　terminated　with　a　crisis；　in　the　earliest　of　these　about　the



eightieth　day；　and　some　of　these　relapsed；　so　that　most　of　them　were



not　free　from　the　fever　during　the　winter；　but　the　fever　left　most



of　them　without　a　crisis；　and　these　things　happened　alike　to　those　who



recovered　and　to　those　who　did　not。　There　being　much　want　of　crisis



and　much　variety　as　to　these　diseases；　the　greatest　and　worst



symptom　attended　the　most　of　them；　namely；　a　loathing　of　all



articles　of　food；　more　especially　with　those　who　had　otherwise　fatal



symptoms；　but　they　were　not　unseasonably　thirsty　in　such　fevers。　After



a　length　of　time；　with　much　suffering　and　great　wasting；　abscesses



were　formed　in　these　cases；　either　unusually　large；　so　that　the



patients　could　not　support　them；　or　unusually　small；　so　that　they



did　no　good；　but　soon　relapsed　and　speedily　got　worse。　The　diseases



which　attacked　them　were　in　the　form　of　dysenteries；　tenesmus；



lientery；　and　fluxes；　but；　in　some　cases；　there　were　dropsies；　with　or



without　these　complaints。　Whatever　attacked　them　violently　speedily



cut　them　off；　or　again；　did　them　no　good。　Small　rashes；　and　not



corresponding　to　the　violence　of　the　disease；　and　quickly



disappearing；　or　swellings　occurred　about　the　ears；　which　were　not



resolved；　and　brought　on　no　crisis。　In　some　they　were　determined　to



the　joints；　and　especially　to　the　hip…joint；　terminating　critically



with　a　few；　and　quickly　again　increasing　to　its　original　habit。



　　4。　People　died　of　all　these　diseases；　but　mostly　of　these　fevers；



and　notably　infants　just　weaned；　and　older　children；　until　eight　or



ten　years　of　age；　and　those　before　puberty。　These　things　occurred　to



those　affected　with　the　complaints　described　above；　and　to　many



persons　at　first　without　them。　The　only　favorable　symptom；　and　the



greatest　of　those　which　occurred；　and　what　saved　most　of　those　who



were　in　the　greatest　dangers；　was　the　conversion　of　it　to　a　strangury；



and　when；　in　addition　to　this；　abscesses　were　formed。　The　strangury



attacked；　most　especially；　persons　of　the　ages　I　have　mentioned；　but



it　also　occurred　in　many　others；　both　of　those　who　were　not　confined



to　bed　and　those　who　were。　There　was　a　speedy　and　great　change　in



all　these　cases。　For　the　bowels；　if　they　happened　previously　to　have



watery　discharges　of　a　bad　character；　became　regular；　they　got　an



appetite　for　food；　and　the　fevers　were　mild　afterwards。　But；　with



regard　to　the　strangury　itself；　the　symptoms　were　protracted　and



painful。　Their　urine　was　copious；　thick；　of　various　characters；　red；



mixed　with　pus；　and　was　passed　with　pain。　These　all　recovered；　and　I



did　not　see　a　single　instance　of　death　among　them。



　　5。　With　regard　to　the　dangers　of　these　cases；　one　must　always　attend



to　the　seasonable　concoction　of　all　the　evacuations；　and　to　the



favorable　and　critical　abscesses。　The　concoctions　indicate　a　speedy



crisis　and　recovery　of　health；　crude　and　undigested　evacuations；　and



those　which　are　converted　into　bad　abscesses；　indicate　either　want



of　crisis；　or　pains；　or　prolongation　of　the　disease；　or　death；　or



relapses；　which　of　these　it　is　to　be　must　be　determined　from　other



circumstances。　The　physician　must　be　able　to　tell　the　antecedents；



know　the　present；　and　foretell　the　future…　must　mediate　these



things；　and　have　two　special　objects　in　view　with　regard　to　disease；



namely；　to　do　good　or　to　do　no　harm。　The　art　consists　in　three　things…



the　disease；　the　patient；　and　the　physician。　The　physician　is　the



servant　of　the　art；　and　the　patient　must　combat　the　disease　along　with



the　physician。



　　6。　Pains　about　the　head　and　neck；　and　heaviness　of　the　same　along



with　pain；　occur　either　without　fevers　or　in　fevers。　Convulsions



occurring　in　persons　attacked　with　frenzy；　and　having　vomitings　of



verdigris…green　bile；　in　some　cases　quickly　prove　fatal。　In　ardent



fevers；　and　in　those　other　fevers　in　which　there　is　pain　of　the



neck；　heaviness　of　the　temples；　mistiness　about　the　eyes；　and



distention　about　the　hypochondriac　region；　not　unattended　with　pain；



hemorrhage　from　the　nose　takes　place；　but　those　who　have　heaviness



of　the　whole　head；　cardialgia　and　nausea；　vomit　bilious　and



pituitous　matters；　children；　in　such　affections；　are　generally



attacked　with　convulsions；　and　women　have　these　and　also　pains　of



the　uterus；　whereas；　in　elder　persons；　and　those　in　whom　the　heat　is



already　more　subdued；　these　cases　end　in　paralysis；　mania；　and　loss　of



sight。











　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Third　Constitution







　　7。　In　Thasus；　a　little　before　and　during　the　season　of　Arcturus；



there　were　frequent　and　great　rains；　with　northerly　winds。　About　the



equinox；　and　till　the　setting　of　the　Pleiades；　there　were　a　few



southerly　rains：　the　winter　northerly　and　parched；　cold；　with　great



winds　and　snow。　Great　storms　about　the　equinox；　the　spring



northerly；　dryness；　rains　few　and　cold。　About　the　summer　solstice；



scanty　rains；　and　great　cold　until　near　the　season　of　the　Dog…star。



After　the　Dog…days；　until　the　season　of　Arcturus；　the　summer　hot；



great　droughts；　not　in　intervals；　but　continued　and　severe：　no　rain；



the　Etesian　winds　blew；　about　the　season　of　Arcturus　southerly　rains



until　the　equinox。



　　8。　In　this　state　of　things；　during　winter；　paraplegia　set　in；　and



attacked　many；　and　some　died　speedily；　and　otherwise　the　disease



prevailed　much　in　an　epidemical　form；　but　persons　remained　free　from



all　other　diseases。　Early　in　the　spring；　ardent　fevers　commenced　and



continued　through　the　summer　until　the　equinox。　Those　then　that　were



attacked　immediately　after　the　commencement　of　the　spring　and



summer；　for　the　most　part　recovered；　and　but　few　of　them　died。　But



when　the　autumn　and　the　rains　had　set　in；　they　were　of　a　fatal



character；　and　the　greater　part　then　died。　When　in　these　attacks　of



ardent　fevers　there　was　a　proper　and　copious　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；



they　were　generally　saved　by　it；　and　I　do　not　know　a　single　person　who



had　a　proper　hemorrhage　who　died　in　this　constitution。　Philiscus；



Epaminon；　and　Silenus；　indeed；　who　had　a　trifling　epistaxis　on　the



fourth　and　fifth　day；　died。　Most　of　those　taken　with　had　a　rigor　about



the　time　of　the　crisis；　and　notably　those　who　had　no　hemorrhage；　these



had　also　rigor　associated。



　　9。　Some　were　attacked　with　jaundice　on　the　sixth　day；　but　these　were



benefited　either　by　an　urinary　purgation；　or　a　disorder　of　the　bowels；



or　a　copious　hemorrhage；　as　in　the　case　of　Heraclides；　who　was



lodged　with　Aristocydes：　this　person；　though　he　had　the　hemorrhage



from　the　nose；　the　purgation　by　the　bladder；　and　disorder　of　the



bowels；　experienced　a　favorable　crisis　on　the　twentieth　day；　not



like　the　servant　of　Phanagoras；　who　had　none　of　these　symptoms；　and



died。　The　hemorrhages　attacked　most　persons；　but　especially　young



persons　and　those　in　the　prime　of　life；　and　the　greater　part　of



those　who　had　not　the　hemorrhage　died：　elderly　persons　had　jaundice　or



disorder　of　the　bowels；　such　as　Bion；　who　was　lodged　with　Silenus。



Dysenteries　were　epidemical　during　the　summer；　and　some　of　those　cases



in　which　the　hemorrhage　occurred；　terminated　in　dysentery；　as　happened



to　the　slave　of　Eraton；　and　to　Mullus；　who　had　a　copious　hemorrhage；



which　settled　down　into　dysentery；　and　they　recovered。　This　humor



was　redundant　in　many　cases；　since　in　those　who　had　not　the　hemorrhage



about　the　crisis；　but　the　risings　about　the　ears　disappeared；　after



their　disappearance　there　was　a　sense　of　weight　in　the　left　flank



extending　to　the　extremity　of　the　hip；　and　pain　setting　in　after　the



crisis；　with　a　discharge　of　thin　urine；　they　began　to　have　small



hemorrhages　about　the　twenty…fourth　day；　and　the　swelling　was



converted　into　the　hemorrhage。　In　the　case　of　Antiphon；　the　son　of



Critobulus'　son；　the　fever　ceased　and　came　to　a　crisis　about　the



fortieth　day。



　　10。　Many　women　were　seized；　but　fewer　than　of　the　men；　and　there



were　fewer　deaths　among　them。　But　most　of　them　had　difficult



parturition；　and　after　labor　they　were　taken　ill；　and　these　most



especially　died；　as；　for　example；　the　daughter　of　Telebolus　died　on



the　sixth　day　after　delivery。　Most　females　had　the　menstrual　discharge



during　the　fever；　and　many　girls　had　it　then　for　the　first　time：　in



certain　individuals　both　the　hemorrhage　from　the　nose　and　the　menses



appeared；　thus；　in　the　case　of　the　virgin　daughter　of　Daetharses；



the　menses　then　took　place　for　the　first　time；　and　she　had　also　a



copinous　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；　and　I　knew　no　instance　of　any　one



dying　when　one　or　other　of　these　took　place　properly。　But　all　those　in



the　pregnant　state　that　were　attacked　had　abortions；　as　far　as　I



observed。　The　urine　in　most　cases　was　of　the　proper　color；　but　thin；



and　having　scanty　sediments：　in　most　the　bowels　were　disordered　with



thin　and　bilious　dejections；　and　many；　after　passing　through　the　other



crises；　terminated　in　dysenteries；　as　happened　to　Xenophanes　and



Critias。　The　urine　was　watery；　copious；　clear；　and　thin；　and　even



after　the　crises；　when　the　sediment　was　natural；　and　all　the　other



critical　symptoms　were　favorable；　as　I　recollect　having　happened　to



Bion；　who　was　lodged　in　the　house　of　Silenus；　and　Critias；　who　lived



with　Xenophanes；　the　slave　of　Areton；　and　the　wife　of　Mnesistratus。



But　afterwards　all　these　were　attacked　with　dysentery。　It　would　be



worth　while　to　inquire　whether　the　watery　urine　was　the　cause　of　this。



About　the　season　of　Arcturus　many　had　the　crisis　on　the　eleventh



day；　and　in　them　the　regular　relapses　did　not　take　place；　but　they



became　comatose　about　this　time；　especially　children；　but　there　were



fewest　deaths　of　all　among　them。



　　11。　About　the　equinox；　and　until　the　season　of　the　Pleiades；　and



at　the　approach　of　winter；　many　ardent　fevers　set　in；　but　great



numbers　at　that　season　were　seized　with　phrenitis；　and　many　died；　a



few　cases　also　occurred　during　the　summer。　These　then　made　their



attack　at　the　commencement　of　ardent　fevers；　which　were　attended



with　fatal　symptoms；　for　immediately　upon　their　setting　in；　there　were



acute　fever　and　small　rigors；　insomnolency；　aberration；　thirst；



nausea；　insignificant　sweats　about　the　forehead　and　clavicles；　but



no　general　perspir