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the sportsman(塰強埀)-及4嫗

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from the hunting field。��32�А�

     ��32�А�Or�察 �Naturally�察�dogs like these damp the sportsman's ardour�察�and 

indeed are enough to sicken him altogether with the chase。; 

     The characters�察�bodily and other�察�exhibited by the finer specimens of 

the same breed�撮�33�А�I will now set forth。 

     ��33�А  �Or�察   �The   features�察  �points�察  �qualities�察  �whether   physical   or   other�察�

which     characterise    the   better   indidivuals。;    But   what    does   Xenophon 

mean by ��tou autou genous���拭�



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                                              IV 



     In the first place�察�this true type of hound should be of large build�察�and�察�

in the next place�察�furnished with a light small head�察�broad and flat in the 

snout�撮�1�А  �well   knit   and   sinewy�察  �the   lower   part   of   the   forehead   puckered 

into   strong   wrinkles�察  �eyes   set   well   up��2�А  �in   the   head�察  �black   and   bright�察�

forehead large and broad�察�the depression between the eyes pronounced�撮�3�А�

ears   long��4�А   �and   thin�察  �without   hair   on   the  under   side�察  �neck   long    and 

flexible�察   �freely   moving     on   its  pivot�撮�5�А  �chest   broad    and   fairly  fleshy�察�

shoulder´blades detached a little from the shoulders�撮�6�А�the shin´bones of 

the fore´legs should be small�察�straight�察�round�察�stout and strong�察�the elbows 

straight�察  �ribs��7�А �not deep   all   along�察 �but   sloped   away  obliquely�察  �the   loins 

muscular�察�in size a mean between long and short�察�neither too flexible nor 

too stiff�撮�8�А�flanks�察�a mean between large and small�察�the hips ��or ;couples;�� 

rounded�察�fleshy behind�察�not tied together above�察�but firmly knitted on the 

inside�撮�9�А�the lower or under part of the belly��10�А�slack�察�and the belly itself 

the same�察�that is�察�hollow and sunken�察�tail long�察�straight�察�and pointed�撮�11�А�

thighs ��i。e。 hams�� stout and compact�察�shanks ��i。e。 lower thighs�� long�察�round�察�

and   solid�察  �hind´legs   much   longer   than   the   fore´legs�察  �and   relatively   lean�察�

feet round and cat´ like。��12�А�

     ��1�А�Pollux�察�v。 7�察�Arrian�察 �Cyn。; iv。 

     ��2�А。�meteora���察�prominent。 ��See Sturz�察�s。v。 

     ��3�А。�tas diakriseis batheias���察�lit。 ;with a deep frontal sinus。; 

     ��4�А�Reading ��makra���察�or if ��mikra���察 �small。; 

     ��5�А�Al。 ;well rounded。; 

     ��6�А   �Shoulder   blades   standing   out   a   little   from   the   shoulders;�察  �i。e。 

;free。; 

     ��7�А�i。e。 ;not wholly given up to depth�察�but well curved;�察�depth is not 

everything unless the ribs be also curved。 Schneid。 cf。 Ov。 ;Met。;                        iii。 

216�察   �et   substricta   gerens   Sicyonius   ilia   Ladon�察─  �where   the          poet   is 

perhaps       describing      a   greyhound�察       �chyned       like    a   bream。;      See 

Stonehenge�察      �pp。   21�察 �22。   Xenophon's      ;Castorians;      were   more    like   the 

Welsh harrier in build�察�I presume。 

     ��8�А�Or�察 �neither soft and spongy nor unyielding。; See Stoneh。�察�p。 23。 



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     ��9�А �Drawn up underneath it�察─�lit。 ;tucked up。; 

     ��10�А�Al。 ;flank�察─ �flanks themselves。; 

     ��11�А�Or�察�as we should say�察 �stern。; See Pollux�察�v。 59�察�Arrian�察�v。 9。 

     ��12�А�See Stonehenge�察�p。 24 foll。 

     Hounds possessed   of   these points   will   be   strong   in   build�察 �and   at   the 

same time light and active�察�they will have symmetry at once and pace�察�a 

bright�察�beaming expression�察�and good mouths。 

     In following up scent�撮�13�А�see how they show their mettle by rapidly 

quitting beaten paths�察�keeping their heads sloping to the ground�察�smiling�察�

as it were to greet the trail�察�see how they let their ears drop�察�how they keep 

moving their eyes to and fro quickly�察�flourishing their sterns。��14�А�Forwards 

they  should   go   with   many   a   circle   towards   the   hare's   form�撮�15�А  �steadily 

guided by the line�察�all together。 When they are close to the hare itself�察�they 

will make the fact plain to the huntsman by the quickened pace at which 

they run�察 �as   if they  would let   him  know  by  their   fury�察 �by  the   motion of 

head   and   eyes�察  �by   rapid   changes   of   gait   and   gesture�撮�16�А  �now   casting   a 

glance back   and   now   fixing   their gaze   steadily  forward   to   the   creature's 

hiding´place�撮�17�А       �by   twistings     and    turnings    of    the   body�察   �flinging 

themselves backwards�察�forwards�察�and sideways�察�and lastly�察�by the genuine 

exaltation of spirits�察�visible enough now�察�and the ecstasy of their pleasure�察�

that they are close upon the quarry。 

     ��13�А�Lit。 ;Let them follow up the trail。; 

     ��14�А�Lit。 ;fawning and wagging their tails。; 

     ��15�А�Lit。 ;bed; or ;lair。; 

     ��16�А�Or�察 �by rapid shiftings of attitude�察�by looks now thrown backward 

and    now    forwards     to  the  。  。  。;  Reading    ��kai   apo   ton   anablemmaton 

kai emblemmaton ton epi tas kathedras tou l。���察�or if with L。 D。�察                      。�kai 

apo ton a。 kai emblemmaton eis ton ulen kai anastremmaton ton                            epi 

tas k。���察�transl。 ;now looking back at the huntsman and now                          staring 

hard into the covert�察�and again right´about´face in the                   direction of the 

hare's sitting´place。; 

     ��17�А�Lit。 ;form;�察 �the place where puss is seated。; 

     Once she is off�察�the pack should pursue with vigour。��18�А�They must not 

relax their hold�察�but with yelp and bark full cry insist on keeping close and 



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dogging   puss   at   every   turn。   Twist   for   twist   and   turn   for   turn�察  �they�察  �too�察�

must   follow   in   a   succession   of   swift   and   brilliant   bursts�察  �interrupted   by 

frequent doublings�察�while ever and again they give tongue and yet again 

till   the   very   welkin   rings。��19�А  �One   thing   they   must   not   do�察  �and   that   is�察�

leave the scent and return crestfallen to the huntsman。��20�А�

     ��18�А  �Lit。   ;let   them   follow   up     the   chase   vigorously�察    �and    not   relax�察�

with yelp and bark。; 

     ��19�А  。�dikaios���察  �Sturz�察   �non   temere;�察   �and   not   without   good   reason。; 

Al。 ;a right good honest salvo of barks。; 

     ��20�А�Lit。 ;Let them not hark back to join the huntsman�察�and desert the 

trail。; 

     Along with this build and method of working�察�hounds should possess 

four   points。   They   should   have   pluck�察  �sound   feet�察  �keen   noses�察  �and   sleek 

coats。 The spirited�察�plucky hound will prove his mettle by refusing to leave 

the   chase�察  �however   stifling   the   weather�察  �a   good   nose   is   shown   by   his 

capacity for scenting the hare on barren and dry ground exposed to the sun�察�

and that when the orb is at the zenith�撮�21�А�soundness of foot in the fact that 

the dog may course over mountains during the same season�察�and yet his 

feet will not be torn to pieces�察�and a good coat means the possession of 

light�察�thick�察�soft�察�and silky hair。��22�А�

     ��21�А�i。e。  ;at   mid´day;�察  �or�察  �in the   height   of summer;�察  �al。  ;during the 

dog´days;�察 �at the rising of the dog´star。; 

     ��22�А�See Pollux�察�ib。 59�察�Arrian�察�vi。 1。 

     As to the colour proper for a hound�撮�23�А�it should not be simply tawny�察�

nor    absolutely     black    or   white�察   �which    is  not   a   sign   of  breeding�察    �but 

monotonousa simplicity suggestive of the wild animal。��24�А�Accordingly 

the red dog should show a bloom of white hair about the muzzle�察�and so 

should   the   black�察  �the   white   commonly   showing   red。   On   the   top   of   the 

thigh the hair should be straight and thick�察�as also on the loins and on the 

lower portion of the stern�察�but of a moderate thickness only on the upper 

parts。 

     ��23�А�See Stonehenge�察�p。 25�察�Darwin�察�op。 cit。 ii。 109。 

     ��24�А  �But   see   Pollux�察  �ib。   65�察  �who   apparently  read   ��gennaion   touto   to 

aploun   alla   therides���察  �al。   Arrian�察  �vi。   See   Jaques   de   Fouilloux�察            �La 



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Venerie;       ��ap。    E。    Talbot�察     �Oeuvres      completes       de    Xenophon�察─�

traduction�察�ii。 318��。 

     There is a good deal to be said for taking your hounds frequently into 

the mountains�察�not so much for taking them on to cultivated land。��25�А�And 

for this reason�此�the fells offer facilities for hunting and for following the 

quarry without interruption�察�while cultivated land�察�owing to the number of 

cross roads and beaten paths�察�presents opportunities for neither。 Moreover�察�

quite apart from finding a hare�察�it is an excellent thing to take your dogs on 

to rough ground。 It is there they will become sound of foot�察�and in general 

the   benefit   to   their   physique   in   working   over   such   ground   will   amply 

repay you。��26�А�

     ��25�А�Or�察 �pretty often�察�and less frequently over。; 

     ��26�А�Lit。 ;they must be benefited in their bodies generally by working 

over such ground。; 

     They   should   be   taken   out   in   summer   till   mid´day�察  �in   winter   from 

sunrise to sundown�察�in autumn any time except mid´day�察�and in spring any 

time before evening。 These times will hit the mean of temperature。��27�А�

     ��27�А�Or�察 �You may count on a moderate temperature at these times。; 



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                                                V 



     The tracks of hares are long in winter owing to the length of night�察�and 

short   for   the   opposite   reason   during   summer。   In   winter�察  �however�察  �their 

scent does   not   lie   in   early   morning�察  �when the   rime   is   on   the   ground�察  �or 

earth is frozen。��1�А�The fact is�察�hoar frost by its own inherent force absorbs 

its heat�察�whilst black frost freezes it。��2�А�

     ��1�А�Or�察 �when there is hoar frost or black frost; ��lit。 ;ice;��。 

     ��2�А  �Or�察   �the   ice  congeals     them�察─    �encases     as   it  were   in  itself  the 

heat�察─�i。e。 the warm scent�察�aliter�察 �causes the tracks to freeze                        at the 

top。; 

     The hounds�察�moreover�察�with their noses nipped by the cold�撮�3�А�cannot 

under these conditions��4�А�use their sense of smell�察�until the sun or the mere 

advance of day dissolves the scent。 Then the noses of the hounds recover�察�

and the scent of the trail begins to exhale itself perceptibly。��5�А�

     ��3�А  �Reading   ��malkiosai���察  �Cobet�察   �N。   Lect。;   131。   ;Mnem。;   3�察  �306�察�

Rutherford�察       �N。   Phry。;    p。  135。   =   ;nipped�察    �or  numb     with 

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