°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > the professor at the breakfast table >

µÚ19ÕÂ

the professor at the breakfast table-µÚ19ÕÂ

С˵£º the professor at the breakfast table ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




The¡¡idea¡¡that¡¡you¡¡must¡¡pull¡¡out¡¡every¡¡one¡¡of¡¡every¡¡nice¡¡young¡¡man¡¡and

young¡¡woman's¡¡natural¡¡teeth£¡¡¡¡¡Poh£»¡¡poh£¡¡¡¡¡Nobody¡¡believes¡¡that¡£¡¡¡¡This

tooth¡¡must¡¡be¡¡straightened£»¡¡that¡¡must¡¡be¡¡filled¡¡with¡¡gold£»¡¡and¡¡this

other¡¡perhaps¡¡extracted£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡very¡¡rare¡¡case£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡are

all¡¡so¡¡bad¡¡as¡¡to¡¡require¡¡extraction£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡are£»¡¡don't¡¡blame¡¡the

poor¡¡soul¡¡for¡¡it£¡¡¡¡¡Don't¡¡tell¡¡us£»¡¡as¡¡some¡¡old¡¡dentists¡¡used¡¡to£»¡¡that

everybody¡¡not¡¡only¡¡always¡¡has¡¡every¡¡tooth¡¡in¡¡his¡¡head¡¡good¡¡for

nothing£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡he¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡have¡¡his¡¡head¡¡cut¡¡off¡¡as¡¡a¡¡punishment

for¡¡that¡¡misfortune£¡¡¡¡¡No£»¡¡I¡¡can't¡¡sign¡¡Number¡¡One¡£¡¡¡¡Give¡¡us¡¡Number

Two¡£



II¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡hold¡¡that¡¡no¡¡man¡¡can¡¡be¡¡well¡¡who¡¡does¡¡not¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡our

views¡¡of¡¡the¡¡efficacy¡¡of¡¡calomel£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡does¡¡not¡¡take¡¡the¡¡doses¡¡of

it¡¡prescribed¡¡in¡¡our¡¡tables£»¡¡as¡¡there¡¡directed¡£



To¡¡which¡¡I¡¡demur£»¡¡questioning¡¡why¡¡it¡¡should¡¡be¡¡so£»¡¡and¡¡get¡¡for¡¡answer

the¡¡two¡¡following£º



III¡£¡¡¡¡Every¡¡man¡¡who¡¡does¡¡not¡¡take¡¡our¡¡prepared¡¡calomel£»¡¡as¡¡prescribed

by¡¡us¡¡in¡¡our¡¡Constitution¡¡and¡¡By¡­Laws£»¡¡is¡¡and¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡mass¡¡of

disease¡¡from¡¡head¡¡to¡¡foot£»¡¡it¡¡being¡¡self¡­evident¡¡that¡¡he¡¡is

simultaneously¡¡affected¡¡with¡¡Apoplexy£»¡¡Arthritis£»¡¡Ascites£»¡¡Asphyxia£»

and¡¡Atrophy£»¡¡with¡¡Borborygmus£»¡¡Bronchitis£»¡¡and¡¡Bulimia£»¡¡with

Cachexia£»¡¡Carcinoma£»¡¡and¡¡Cretinismus£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡on¡¡through¡¡the¡¡alphabet£»

to¡¡Xerophthahnia¡¡and¡¡Zona£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡and¡¡incompatible

diseases¡¡which¡¡are¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡make¡¡up¡¡a¡¡totally¡¡morbid¡¡state£»¡¡and

he¡¡will¡¡certainly¡¡die£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡take¡¡freely¡¡of¡¡our¡¡prepared

calomel£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡obtained¡¡only¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡our¡¡authorized¡¡agents¡£



IV¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡man¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡take¡¡our¡¡prepared¡¡calomel¡¡who¡¡does

not¡¡give¡¡in¡¡his¡¡solemn¡¡adhesion¡¡to¡¡each¡¡and¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡above¡­named

and¡¡the¡¡following¡¡propositions¡¡£¨from¡¡ten¡¡to¡¡a¡¡hundred£©¡¡and¡¡show¡¡his

mouth¡¡to¡¡certain¡¡of¡¡our¡¡apothecaries£»¡¡who¡¡have¡¡not¡¡studied¡¡dentistry£»

to¡¡examine¡¡whether¡¡all¡¡his¡¡teeth¡¡have¡¡been¡¡extracted¡¡and¡¡a¡¡new¡¡set

inserted¡¡according¡¡to¡¡our¡¡regulations¡£



Of¡¡course£»¡¡the¡¡doctors¡¡have¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡say¡¡we¡¡sha'n't¡¡have¡¡any

rhubarb£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡don't¡¡sign¡¡their¡¡articles£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡if£»¡¡after¡¡signing

them£»¡¡we¡¡express¡¡doubts¡¡£¨in¡¡public£»¡¡about¡¡any¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡cut

us¡¡off¡¡from¡¡our¡¡jalap¡¡and¡¡squills£»but¡¡then¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡a¡¡fellow¡¡not¡¡to

discuss¡¡the¡¡propositions¡¡before¡¡he¡¡signs¡¡them¡¡is¡¡what¡¡I¡¡should¡¡call

boiling¡¡it¡¡down¡¡a¡¡little¡¡too¡¡strong£¡



If¡¡we¡¡understand¡¡them£»¡¡why¡¡can't¡¡we¡¡discuss¡¡them£¿¡¡¡¡If¡¡we¡¡can't

understand¡¡them£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡have¡¡n't¡¡taken¡¡a¡¡medical¡¡degree£»¡¡what¡¡the

Father¡¡of¡¡Lies¡¡do¡¡they¡¡ask¡¡us¡¡to¡¡sign¡¡them¡¡for£¿



Just¡¡so¡¡with¡¡the¡¡graver¡¡profession¡£¡¡¡¡Every¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then¡¡some¡¡of¡¡its

members¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡lose¡¡common¡¡sense¡¡and¡¡common¡¡humanity¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡laymen

have¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡setting¡¡the¡¡divines¡¡right¡¡constantly¡£¡¡¡¡Science£»¡¡for

instance£»in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡knowledge£»is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡of¡¡religion£»

for£»¡¡if¡¡so£»¡¡then¡¡religion¡¡would¡¡mean¡¡ignorance£º¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡often¡¡the

antagonist¡¡of¡¡school¡­divinity¡£



Everybody¡¡knows¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡early¡¡astronomy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡school¡­divines¡£

Come¡¡down¡¡a¡¡little¡¡later£»¡¡Archbishop¡¡Usher£»¡¡a¡¡very¡¡learned¡¡Protestant

prelate£»¡¡tells¡¡us¡¡that¡¡the¡¡world¡¡was¡¡created¡¡on¡¡Sunday£»¡¡the¡¡twenty¡­

third¡¡of¡¡October£»¡¡four¡¡thousand¡¡and¡¡four¡¡years¡¡before¡¡the¡¡birth¡¡of

Christ¡£¡¡¡¡Deluge£»¡¡December¡¡7th£»¡¡two¡¡thousand¡¡three¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡forty¡­

eight¡¡years¡¡B¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡¡¡Yes£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡stands¡¡on¡¡an¡¡elephant£»¡¡and¡¡the

elephant¡¡on¡¡a¡¡tortoise¡£¡¡¡¡One¡¡statement¡¡is¡¡as¡¡near¡¡the¡¡truth¡¡as¡¡the

other¡£



Again£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡so¡¡brutalizing¡¡to¡¡some¡¡natures¡¡as¡¡moral


surgery¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡often¡¡wondered¡¡that¡¡Hogarth¡¡did¡¡not¡¡add¡¡one¡¡more

picture¡¡to¡¡his¡¡four¡¡stages¡¡of¡¡Cruelty¡£¡¡¡¡Those¡¡wretched¡¡fools£»

reverend¡¡divines¡¡and¡¡others£»¡¡who¡¡were¡¡strangling¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡for

imaginary¡¡crimes¡¡a¡¡little¡¡more¡¡than¡¡a¡¡century¡¡ago¡¡among¡¡us£»¡¡were¡¡set

right¡¡by¡¡a¡¡layman£»¡¡and¡¡very¡¡angry¡¡it¡¡made¡¡them¡¡to¡¡have¡¡him¡¡meddle¡£



The¡¡good¡¡people¡¡of¡¡Northampton¡¡had¡¡a¡¡very¡¡remarkable¡¡man¡¡for¡¡their

clergyman£»a¡¡man¡¡with¡¡a¡¡brain¡¡as¡¡nicely¡¡adjusted¡¡for¡¡certain

mechanical¡¡processes¡¡as¡¡Babbage's¡¡calculating¡¡machine¡£¡¡¡¡The

commentary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡laymen¡¡on¡¡the¡¡preaching¡¡and¡¡practising¡¡of¡¡Jonathan

Edwards¡¡was£»¡¡that£»¡¡after¡¡twenty¡­three¡¡years¡¡of¡¡endurance£»¡¡they¡¡turned

him¡¡out¡¡by¡¡a¡¡vote¡¡of¡¡twenty¡¡to¡¡one£»¡¡and¡¡passed¡¡a¡¡resolve¡¡that¡¡he

should¡¡never¡¡preach¡¡for¡¡them¡¡again¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡man's¡¡logical¡¡and¡¡analytical

adjustments¡¡are¡¡of¡¡little¡¡consequence£»¡¡compared¡¡to¡¡his¡¡primary

relations¡¡with¡¡Nature¡¡and¡¡truth£º¡¡and¡¡people¡¡have¡¡sense¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡find

it¡¡out¡¡in¡¡the¡¡long¡¡ran£»¡¡they¡¡know¡¡what¡¡¡¨logic¡¨¡¡is¡¡worth¡£



In¡¡that¡¡miserable¡¡delusion¡¡referred¡¡to¡¡above£»¡¡the¡¡reverend¡¡Aztecs¡¡and

Fijians¡¡argued¡¡rightly¡¡enough¡¡from¡¡their¡¡premises£»¡¡no¡¡doubt£»¡¡for¡¡many

men¡¡can¡¡do¡¡this¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡common¡¡sense¡¡and¡¡common¡¡humanity¡¡were

unfortunately¡¡left¡¡out¡¡from¡¡their¡¡premises£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡layman¡¡had¡¡to

supply¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡hundred¡¡more¡¡years¡¡and¡¡many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡barbarisms¡¡still

lingering¡¡among¡¡us¡¡will£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡have¡¡disappeared¡¡like¡¡witch¡­

hanging¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡people¡¡are¡¡sensitive¡¡now£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡were¡¡then¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡will

see¡¡by¡¡this¡¡extract¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Rev¡£¡¡Cotton¡¡Mather¡¡did¡¡not¡¡like

intermeddling¡¡with¡¡his¡¡business¡¡very¡¡well¡£



¡¨Let¡¡the¡¡Levites¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡keep¡¡close¡¡to¡¡their¡¡Instructions£»¡¨¡¡he

says£»¡¡¡¨and¡¡God¡¡will¡¡smite¡¡thro'¡¡the¡¡loins¡¡of¡¡those¡¡that¡¡rise¡¡up

against¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡will¡¡report¡¡unto¡¡you¡¡a¡¡Thing¡¡which¡¡many¡¡Hundreds

among¡¡us¡¡know¡¡to¡¡be¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Godly¡¡Minister¡¡of¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡Town¡¡in

Connecticut£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡had¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡be¡¡absent¡¡on¡¡a¡¡Lord's¡¡Day¡¡from

his¡¡Flock£»¡¡employ'd¡¡an¡¡honest¡¡Neighbour¡¡of¡¡some¡¡small¡¡Talents¡¡for¡¡a

Mechanick£»¡¡to¡¡read¡¡a¡¡Sermon¡¡out¡¡of¡¡some¡¡good¡¡Book¡¡unto¡¡'em¡£¡¡¡¡This

Honest£»¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡ever¡¡counted¡¡also¡¡a¡¡Pious¡¡Man£»¡¡had¡¡so¡¡much¡¡conceit

of¡¡his¡¡Talents£»¡¡that¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡Reading¡¡a¡¡Sermon¡¡appointed£»¡¡he¡¡to¡¡the

Surprize¡¡of¡¡the¡¡People£»¡¡fell¡¡to¡¡preaching¡¡one¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡his

Text¡¡he¡¡took¡¡these¡¡Words£»¡¡'Despise¡¡not¡¡Prophecyings'£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡his

Preachment¡¡he¡¡betook¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡bewail¡¡the¡¡Envy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Clergy¡¡in¡¡the

Land£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡wish¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Lord's¡¡People¡¡to¡¡be¡¡Prophets£»

and¡¡call¡¡forth¡¡Private¡¡Brethren¡¡publickly¡¡to¡¡prophesie¡£¡¡¡¡While¡¡he¡¡was

thus¡¡in¡¡the¡¡midst¡¡of¡¡his¡¡Exercise£»¡¡God¡¡smote¡¡him¡¡with¡¡horrible

Madness£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡ravingly¡¡distracted£»¡¡the¡¡People¡¡were¡¡forc'd

with¡¡violent¡¡Hands¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡him¡¡home¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡will¡¡not¡¡mention¡¡his¡¡Name£º

He¡¡was¡¡reputed¡¡a¡¡Pious¡¡Man¡£¡¨This¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡Cotton¡¡Mather's

¡¨Remarkable¡¡Judgments¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡on¡¡Several¡¡Sorts¡¡of¡¡Offenders£»¡¨and

the¡¡next¡¡cases¡¡referred¡¡to¡¡are¡¡the¡¡Judgments¡¡on¡¡the¡¡¡¨¡¡Abominable

Sacrilege¡¨¡¡of¡¡not¡¡paying¡¡the¡¡Ministers'¡¡Salaries¡£



This¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡thing¡¡does¡¡n't¡¡do¡¡here¡¡and¡¡now£»¡¡you¡¡see£»¡¡my¡¡young

friend£¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡talk¡¡about¡¡our¡¡free¡¡institutions£»they¡¡are¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡a

coarse¡¡outside¡¡machinery¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡the¡¡freedom¡¡of¡¡individual¡¡thought¡£

The¡¡President¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡is¡¡only¡¡the¡¡engine¡¡driver¡¡of¡¡our

broad¡­gauge¡¡mail¡­train£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡honest£»¡¡independent¡¡thinker¡¡has¡¡a

seat¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡­class¡¡cars¡¡behind¡¡him¡£



There¡¡is¡¡something¡¡in¡¡what¡¡you¡¡say£»replied¡¡the¡¡divinity¡­student£»¡­

¡­and¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me¡¡there¡¡are¡¡places¡¡and¡¡times¡¡where¡¡disputed

doctrines¡¡of¡¡religion¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡introduced¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡would¡¡not¡¡attack

a¡¡church¡¡dogmasay¡¡Total¡¡Depravityin¡¡a¡¡lyceum¡­lecture£»¡¡for

instance£¿



Certainly¡¡not£»¡¡I¡¡should¡¡choose¡¡another¡¡place£»I¡¡answered¡£¡¡But£»

mind¡¡you£»¡¡at¡¡this¡¡table¡¡I¡¡think¡¡it¡¡is¡¡very¡¡different¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡shall

express¡¡my¡¡ideas¡¡on¡¡any¡¡subject¡¡I¡¡like¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lecture¡­

room£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡my¡¡friends¡¡and¡¡myself¡¡are¡¡always¡¡amenable£»¡¡do¡¡not¡¡hold

here¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡often¡¡give¡¡arguments£»¡¡but¡¡frequently¡¡opinions£»I

trust¡¡with¡¡courtesy¡¡and¡¡propriety£»¡¡but£»¡¡at¡¡any¡¡rate£»¡¡with¡¡such

natural¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡expression¡¡as¡¡it¡¡has¡¡pleased¡¡the¡¡Almighty¡¡to¡¡bestow

upon¡¡me¡£



A¡¡man's¡¡opinions£»¡¡look¡¡you£»¡¡are¡¡generally¡¡of¡¡much¡¡more¡¡value¡¡than¡¡his

arguments¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡last¡¡are¡¡made¡¡by¡¡his¡¡brain£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not

believe¡¡the¡¡proposition¡¡they¡¡tend¡¡to¡¡prove£»as¡¡is¡¡often¡¡the¡¡case

with¡¡paid¡¡lawyers£»¡¡but¡¡opinions¡¡are¡¡formed¡¡by¡¡our¡¡whole¡¡nature£»

brain£»¡¡heart£»¡¡instinct£»¡¡brute¡¡life£»¡¡everything¡¡all¡¡our¡¡experience¡¡has

shaped¡¡for¡¡us¡¡by¡¡contact¡¡with¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡circle¡¡of¡¡our¡¡being¡£



There¡¡is¡¡one¡¡thing¡¡more£»said¡¡the¡¡divinity¡­student£»that¡¡I¡¡wished

to¡¡speak¡¡of£»¡¡I¡¡mean¡¡that¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡yours£»¡¡expressed¡¡some¡¡time¡¡since£»¡¡of

depolarizing¡¡the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡sacred¡¡books¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡judge¡¡them¡¡fairly¡£

May¡¡I¡¡ask¡¡why¡¡you¡¡do¡¡not¡¡try¡¡the¡¡experiment¡¡yourself£¿



Certainly£»I¡¡replied£»if¡¡it¡¡gives¡¡you¡¡any¡¡pleasure¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡foolish

questions¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡think¡¡the¡¡ocean¡¡telegraph¡­wire¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡laid¡¡and

will¡¡be¡¡laid£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡that¡¡you¡¡have¡¡any¡¡right¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡me¡¡to

go¡¡and¡¡lay¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡for¡¡that¡¡matter£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡heard¡¡a¡¡good¡¡deal¡¡of

Scripture¡¡depolarized¡¡in¡¡and¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pulpit¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡heard¡¡the¡¡Rev¡£

Mr¡£¡¡F¡£¡¡once¡¡depolarize¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prodigal¡¡Son¡¡in¡¡Park¡­Street

Church¡£¡¡¡¡Many¡¡years¡¡afterwards£»¡¡I¡¡heard¡¡him¡¡repeat¡¡the¡¡same¡¡or¡¡a

similar¡¡depolarized¡¡version¡¡in¡¡Rome£»¡¡New¡¡York¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡heard¡¡an¡¡admirable

depolarization¡¡of¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡young¡¡man¡¡who¡¡¡¨had¡¡great

possessions¡¨¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Rev¡£¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡¡¡in¡¡another¡¡pulpit£»¡¡and¡¡felt¡¡that

I¡¡had¡¡never¡¡half¡¡understood¡¡it¡¡before¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡paraphrases¡¡are¡¡more¡¡or

less¡¡perfect¡¡depolarizations¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡I¡¡tell¡¡you¡¡this£º¡¡the¡¡faith¡¡of¡¡our

Christian¡¡community¡¡is¡¡not¡¡robust¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡bear¡¡the¡¡turning¡¡of¡¡our

most¡¡sacred¡¡language¡¡into¡¡its¡¡depolarized¡¡equivalents¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡have¡¡only

to¡¡look¡¡back¡¡to¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Channing's¡¡famous¡¡Baltimore¡¡discourse¡¡and

remember¡¡the¡¡shrieks¡¡of¡¡blasphemy¡¡with¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡greeted£»¡¡to

satisfy¡¡yourself¡¡on¡¡this¡¡point¡£¡¡¡¡Time£»¡¡time¡¡only£»¡¡can¡¡gradually¡¡wean

us¡¡from¡¡our¡¡Epeolatry£»¡¡or¡¡word¡­worship£»¡¡by¡¡spiritualizing¡¡our¡¡ideas

of¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡signified¡£¡¡¡¡Man¡¡is¡¡an¡¡idolater¡¡or¡¡symbol¡­worshipper¡¡by

nature£»¡¡which£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡is¡¡no¡¡fault¡¡of¡¡his£»¡¡but¡¡sooner¡¡or¡¡later¡¡all

his¡¡local¡¡and¡¡temporary¡¡symbols¡¡must¡¡be¡¡ground¡¡to¡¡powder£»¡¡like¡¡the

golden¡¡calf£»word¡­images¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡metal¡¡and¡¡wooden¡¡ones¡£¡¡¡¡Rough

work£»¡¡iconoclasm£»but¡¡the¡¡only¡¡way¡¡to¡¡get¡¡at¡¡truth¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is£»¡¡indeed£»

as¡¡that¡¡quaint¡¡and¡¡rare¡¡old¡¡discourse£»¡¡¡¨A¡¡Summons¡¡for¡¡Sleepers£»¡¨¡¡hath

it£»¡¡¡¨no¡¡doubt¡¡a¡¡thankless¡¡office£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡verie¡¡unthriftie¡¡occupation£»

veritas¡¡odium¡¡parit£»¡¡truth¡¡never¡¡goeth¡¡without¡¡a¡¡scratcht¡¡face£»¡¡he

that¡¡will¡¡be¡¡busie¡¡with¡¡voe¡¡vobis£»¡¡let¡¡him¡¡looke¡¡shortly¡¡for¡¡coram

nobas¡£¡¨



The¡¡very¡¡aim¡¡and¡¡end¡¡of¡¡our¡¡institutions¡¡is¡¡just¡¡this£º¡¡that¡¡we¡¡may

think¡¡what¡¡we¡¡like¡¡and¡¡say¡¡what¡¡we¡¡think¡£



Think¡¡what¡¡we¡¡like£¡¡¡said¡¡the¡¡divinity¡­student£»think¡¡what¡¡we

like£¡¡¡¡¡What£¡¡¡against¡¡all¡¡human¡¡and¡¡divine¡¡authority£¿



Against¡¡all¡¡human¡¡versions¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡or¡¡any¡¡other¡¡authority¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡our

own¡¡peril¡¡always£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡do¡¡not¡¡like¡¡the¡¡right£»but¡¡not¡¡at¡¡the¡¡risk

of¡¡being¡¡hanged¡¡and¡¡quartered¡¡for¡¡political¡¡heresy£»¡¡or¡¡broiled¡¡on

green¡¡fagots¡¡for¡¡ecclesiastical¡¡treason£¡¡¡¡¡Nay£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡got¡¡so¡¡far£»

that¡¡the¡¡very¡¡word¡¡heresy¡¡has¡¡fallen¡¡into¡¡comparative¡¡disuse¡¡among

us¡£



And¡¡now£»¡¡my¡¡young¡¡friend£»¡¡let¡­us¡¡shake¡¡hands¡¡and¡¡stop¡¡our¡¡discussion£»

which¡¡we¡¡will¡¡not¡¡make¡¡a¡¡quarrel¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡trust¡¡you¡¡know£»¡¡or¡¡will¡¡learn£»¡¡a

great¡¡many¡¡things¡¡in¡¡your¡¡profession¡¡which¡¡we¡¡common¡¡scholars¡¡do¡¡not

know£»¡¡but¡¡mark¡¡this£º¡¡when¡¡the¡¡common¡¡people¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡¡stop

talking¡¡politi

·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ