the moravians in georgia-第21章
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his life 〃would be a seed； which would bear fruit〃 in others。
It was a serious mistake that sent Juliana Jaeschke to Savannah with the second company。 A seamstress was badly needed； and had she been so minded she might have been very useful； but in a list giving very briefly the standing of each one in the 〃Society〃； it is curtly stated that she was 〃ill…mannered； and obstructing everything。〃 Soon after her arrival it was suggested that she marry Peter Rose； but the lot forbade and he found a much better helpmeet in the widow of Friedrich Riedel。 Waschke thought he would like to marry Juliana； but she refused； even though Bishop Nitschmann； Mr。 and Mrs。 Toeltschig pled with her。 Her preference was for George Haberland； and the result was an uncomfortable state of affairs； which disturbed the leaders of the 〃Society〃 not a little； for living as they did as one large family it meant constant friction on all sides。 They did not know whether to force Juliana to submit to their authority； （as a member of the 〃Society〃 she had pledged herself to obedience to the duly elected officers）； or whether they should wait and hope for a better frame of mind。 At last they referred it to the lot； which read 〃Juliana shall not marry any one yet。〃 This settled the question for the time being； but did not improve the spirit of the parties concerned。 A few of the others were homesick； and lost interest in their work and the cause for which they had come over。 Hermsdorf returned from Frederica； sick and depressed； and was kindly received by the Moravians in Savannah； though their first favorable impression of him had been lost on the voyage across the Atlantic； when he complained of the fare； and lay in bed most of the time。
The leaders of the party； trying to pacify the discontented； comfort the sick； and strengthen those that were left as one and another was called away； planning the daily routine to the best advantage so that they might repay their debt； and still have the necessaries of life for their large company； seeking to teach and convert the Indians； and help the poor about them； these leaders were further tried by the non…arrival of answers to the letters sent to Germany。 Feeling that they MUST know the will of those at home if they were to be able successfully to continue their work； they at last decided to send a messenger to Count Zinzendorf； and the lot designated Andrew Dober。
A ship was lying at anchor； ready to take Gen。 Oglethorpe to England； and he readily agreed to take Dober and wife with him； and on December 2nd； they embarked； Dober carrying a number of letters and papers。 Mrs。 Dober was quite ill when they left； but rapidly improved in the sea breezes。 January 20th； the ship reached London； and Mr。 and Mrs。 Dober went at once to Mr。 Weintraube； who was to forward the letters to Herrnhut。 As they were talking Bishop Nitschmann walked in； to their mutual great astonishment。 He reported that Count Zinzendorf had just arrived in London； and had sent to inquire for letters； so those brought from Georgia were at once delivered。 Zinzendorf rented a house； the Countess arrived a few days later； and Dober and wife remained in his service during the seven weeks of his stay。
The Count's object in visiting London at this time was fourfold： to confer with the Georgia Trustees about the Moravians in Savannah； to extend acquaintances among the Germans in London and do religious work among them； to discuss the Episcopate of the Unitas Fratrum with Archbishop Potter of Canterbury； and if possible to revive the 〃Order of the Mustard Seed〃。 This order had been established by Zinzendorf and several companions in their early boyhood； and grew with their growth； numbering many famous men in its ranks； and it is worthy of note that even in its boyish form it contained the germs of that zeal for missions which was such a dominant feature of the Count's manhood。
Archbishop Potter not only fully acknowledged the validity of the Unity's Episcopate； but urged Zinzendorf himself to accept consecration at the hands of Jablonski and David Nitschmann； and encouraged by him Zinzendorf was consecrated bishop at Berlin； May 20th； 1737。
The Count held frequent services during his stay in London； and before he left a society of ten members had been formed among the Germans； with a few simple regulations； their object being 〃in simplicity to look to these three things： to be saved by the blood of Christ； to become holy； or be sanctified by the blood of Christ； to love one another heartily。〃
With the Trustees it was agreed： 〃That the Count's men〃 might remain for two years longer at Savannah； without cultivating the five hundred acre tract； 〃and be exempt from all forfeitures arising from such non…cultivation；〃 but if they chose they might move to the tract any time during the two years。 They might go to Tomochichi's Indians whenever they saw fit and he consented。 Other Indians could not be visited in time of war； but in peace four Moravians should be licensed to go to them； on the same footing as the English ministers。 Those living with Tomochichi were not included in this number。 〃As the Moravian Church is believed to be orthodox and apostolic〃 no one should interfere with their preaching the Gospel； or prevent the Indians from attending their services in Savannah； or elsewhere。 The title to their five hundred acre tract was secured to the Moravians； even in case the Count's male line should become extinct。
Reference to military service is conspicuous by its absence； and at the very time that these resolutions were being framed； assurance on that one point was being desperately needed in Savannah。
Rumors of War。
In February； 1737； that which Spangenberg had feared came upon the Moravians； military service was peremptorily demanded of them； the occasion being a fresh alarm of Spanish incursions。
The feud between the colonists of Spain and England was of long standing； dating back to rival claims to the New World by right of discovery。 The English asserted that through the Cabots they had a right to the greater part of North America； and a grant to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina； in 1663； named the 31 degree of latitude as the southern boundary。 Another patent two years later set the line at the 29 degree； but that availed nothing as it included the northern part of Florida； where the Spanish were already settled in considerable numbers。
No other nation questioned the English claim to the sea…board as far as the 31 degree； which was well south of the Altamaha； but the Spanish greatly resented the settlements in Carolina； as encroaching on their territory； though successive treaties between the two Governments had virtually acknowledged the English rights。 With the two nations nominally at peace； the Spanish incited the Indians to deeds of violence； encouraged insurrection among the negro slaves； welcomed those who ran away； and enlisted them in their army。 Now and then the Governor of Carolina would send a force； which would subdue them for a time； but the constant uncertainty made Carolina welcome the Georgia colony as a protection to her borders。
The settlement of Georgia gave further offense to Spain； and her subjects in Florida burned to exterminate the intruders； as they considered them； though nothing was done so long as operations were confined to the Savannah River。 But when towns and forts were planned and begun on the Altamaha their opposition became more outspoken。 Oglethorpe did all he could to preserve peace without retreating from his position； and in Oct。 1736； he concluded a treaty with the Governor of St。 Augustine。
Only too soon it became apparent that this treaty would not be respected； for the Captain…General of Cuba disapproved； and Oglethorpe sailed for England； in November； to urge the immediate and sufficient fortification of the frontier。 The Trustees and the Government approved of the course he had pursued； but Spain recalled and executed the Governor of St。 Augustine； for presuming to make such a treaty； and so plainly showed her intention to make war on Georgia that the English Government authorized Oglethorpe to raise a regiment for service there； and in July； 1738； he sailed for America； commissioned to take command of all the military forces of Carolina and Georgia； and protect the colonies。
During the nineteen months of his absence； the Georgia colonists were in a continual state of uneasiness； which now and then became sheer panic at some especially plausible report of imminent danger。
On February 17th； 1737； Mr。 Causton received a letter from Charlestown； in which the Governor informed him that he had news of the approach of the Spaniards； and Savannah at once became excited； and prepared for defence。 On the 20th； officers went through the town； taking the names of all who could bear arms； freeholders and servants alike。 Three of them came to the Moravian house and requested names from Toeltschig。 He answered 〃there was no one among them who could bear arms； and he would get no names from them。〃 They said； 〃it was remarkable that in a house full of strong men none could bear arms； he should hurry and give them the names； they could not wait。〃 Toeltschig answered； 〃if they wanted to go no one would stop them； there would be no names given。〃 They threatened to tell Mr。 Causton； Toeltschig approved； and said he would do the same； and they angrily left the house。
Ingham accompanied Toeltschig to Mr。 Causton； who at once began to argue the matter； and a spirited debate ensued； of which the following is a resume。
Causton。 〃Everybody must go to the war and fight for his own safety； and if you will not join the army the townspeople will burn down your house； and will kill you all。〃
Toeltschig。 〃That may happen； but we can not help it； it is against our conscience to fight。〃
Causton。 〃If you do not mean to fight you had better go and hide in the woods； out of sight of the people； or it will be the worse for you； and you had better go before the enemy comes； for then it will be too late to escape； the townspeople will certainly kill you。〃
Toeltschig。 〃You forget that Gen。 Oglethorpe promised us exemption from military service； and we claim the liberty he pledged。〃
Causton。 〃If the Count； and the Trustees and the King himself had agreed on that in London it would count for nothing here； if war comes it will be FIGHT OR DIE。 If I were an officer on a march and met people who would not join me； I would shoot them with my own hand； and you can expect no other treatment from the officers here。〃
Toeltschig。 〃We are all servants； and can not legally be impressed。〃
Causton。 〃If the Count himself were here he would have to take his gun on his shoulder； and all his servants with him。 If he were living on his estate at Old Fort it would make no difference； for the order of the Magistrates must be obeyed。 If the English； to whom the country belongs must fight； shall others go free？〃
Toeltschig finally yielded so far as to tell him the number of men in their company； 〃it could do no harm for we could be counted any day；〃 but their names were resolutely withheld； and service firmly refused。
Then the townspeople took up the cry。 Should they fight for the
