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及12嫗

in flanders fields and other poems-及12嫗

弌傍�� in flanders fields and other poems 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��



He spent a year at Gallipoli and was ;over the top; twice with his battalion。
He came to us with his papers like any other patient��
and did very well for a while�察�but took suddenly worse。  He had all
that care and love could suggest and enough morphine to keep the pain down��
but he was very pathetic�察�and I had resolved that it would be true friendship
to help him over when he ;went west;。  He is buried in our woods
like any other good soldier�察�and yesterday I noticed that some one has laid
a little wreath of ivy on his grave。  He was an old dog evidently��
but we are all sore´hearted at losing him。  His kit is kept
should his master return�察 �only his collar with his honourable marks��
for his wardrobe was of necessity simple。  So another sad chapter ends。


                                        September 29th�察�1915。

Bonneau gravely accompanies me round the wards and waits for me��
sitting up in a most dignified way。  He comes into my tent
and sits there very gravely while I dress。  Two days ago
a Sister brought out some biscuits for Bonfire�察�and not understanding
the rules of the game�察�which are bit and bit about for Bonfire and Bonneau��
gave all to Bonfire�察�so that poor Bonneau sat below and caught the crumbs
that fell。  I can see that Bonfire makes a great hit with the Sisters
because he licks their hands just like a dog�察�and no crumb is too small
to be gone after。


                                        April�察�1917。

I was glad to get back�察�Bonfire and Bonneau greeted me very enthusiastically。
I had a long long story from the dog�察�delivered with uplifted muzzle。
They tell me he sat gravely on the roads a great deal during my absence��
and all his accustomed haunts missed him。  He is back on rounds faithfully。




  VII

The Old Land and the New



If one were engaged upon a formal work of biography rather than
a mere essay in character�察�it would be just and proper to investigate
the family sources from which the individual member is sprung��
but I must content myself within the bounds which I have set��
and leave the larger task to a more laborious hand。  The essence of history
lies in the character of the persons concerned�察�rather than in the feats
which they performed。  A man neither lives to himself nor in himself。
He is indissolubly bound up with his stock�察�and can only explain himself
in terms common to his family�察�but in doing so he transcends
the limits of history�察�and passes into the realms of philosophy and religion。

The life of a Canadian is bound up with the history of his parish��
of his town�察�of his province�察�of his country�察�and even with the history
of that country in which his family had its birth。  The life of John McCrae
takes us back to Scotland。  In Canada there has been much writing of history
of a certain kind。  It deals with events rather than with the subtler matter
of people�察�and has been written mainly for purposes of advertising。
If the French made a heroic stand against the Iroquois�察�the sacred spot
is now furnished with an hotel from which a free 'bus runs to a station
upon the line of an excellent railway。  Maisonneuve fought his great fight
upon a place from which a vicious mayor cut the trees which once sheltered
the soldier�察�to make way for a fountain upon which would be raised
;historical; figures in concrete stone。

The history of Canada is the history of its people�察�not of its railways��
hotels�察�and factories。  The material exists in written or printed form
in the little archives of many a family。  Such a chronicle is in possession
of the Eckford family which now by descent on the female side
bears the honoured names of Gow�察�and McCrae。  John Eckford had two daughters��
in the words of old Jamie Young�察 �the most lovingest girls he ever knew。;
The younger�察�Janet Simpson�察�was taken to wife by David McCrae��
21st January�察�1870�察�and on November 30th�察�1872�察�became the mother of John。
To her he wrote all these letters�察�glowing with filial devotion��
which I am privileged to use so freely。

There is in the family a tradition of the single name for the males。
It was therefore proper that the elder born should be called Thomas��
more learned in medicine�察�more assiduous in practice�察�and more weighty
in intellect even than the otherwise more highly gifted John。
He too is professor of medicine�察�and co´author of a profound work
with his master and relative by marriage  Sir William Osler。
Also�察�he wore the King's uniform and served in the present war。

This John Eckford�察�accompanied by his two daughters�察�the mother being dead��
his sister�察�her husband who bore the name of Chisholm��
and their numerous children emigrated to Canada�察�May 28th�察�1851��
in the ship `Clutha' which sailed from the Broomielaw bound for Quebec。
The consort�察 �Wolfville'�察�upon which they had originally taken passage��
arrived in Quebec before them�察�and lay in the stream��
flying the yellow flag of quarantine。  Cholera had broken out。
;Be still�察�and see the salvation of the Lord�察─�were the words
of the family morning prayers。

In the `Clutha' also came as passengers James and Mary Gow�察�their cousin��
one Duncan Monach�察�Mrs。 Hanning�察�who was a sister of Thomas Carlyle��
and her two daughters。  On the voyage they escaped the usual hardships��
and their fare appears to us in these days to have been abundant。
The weekly ration was three quarts of water�察�two ounces of tea��
one half pound of sugar�察�one half pound molasses�察�three pounds of bread��
one pound of flour�察�two pounds of rice�察�and five pounds of oatmeal。

The reason for this migration is succinctly stated by the head of the house。
;I know how hard it was for my mother to start me�察�and I wanted land
for my children and a better opportunity for them。;  And yet his parents
in their time appear to have ;started; him pretty well�察�although his father
was obliged to confess�察 �I never had more of this world's goods
than to bring up my family by the labour of my hands honestly��
but it is more than my Master owned�察�who had not where to lay His head。;
They allowed him that very best means of education�察�a calmness of the senses��
as he herded sheep on the Cheviot Hills。  They put him to the University
in Edinburgh�察�as a preparation for the ministry�察�and supplied him with
ample oatmeal�察�peasemeal bannocks�察�and milk。  In that great school of divinity
he learned the Hebrew�察�Greek�察�and Latin�察�he studied Italian��
and French under Surenne�察�him of blessed memory even unto this day。

John Eckford in 1839 married Margaret Christie�察�and he went far afield
for a wife�察�namely from Newbiggin in Forfar�察�where for fourteen years
he had his one and only charge�察�to Strathmiglo in Fife。  The marriage
was fruitful and a happy one�察�although there is a hint in the record
of some religious difference upon which one would like to dwell
if the subject were not too esoteric for this generation。
The minister showed a certain indulgence�察�and so long as his wife lived
he never employed the paraphrases in the solemn worship of the sanctuary。
She was a woman of provident mind。  Shortly after they were married
he made the discovery that she had prepared the grave clothes for him
as well as for herself。  Too soon�察�after only eight years�察�it was her fate
to be shrouded in them。  After her death  probably because of her death 
John Eckford emigrated to Canada。

To one who knows the early days in Canada there is nothing new
in the story of this family。  They landed in Montreal July 11th�察�1851��
forty´four days out from Glasgow。  They proceeded by steamer to Hamilton��
the fare being about a dollar for each passenger。  The next stage
was to Guelph�察�then on to Durham�察�and finally they came to the end
of their journeying near Walkerton in Bruce County in the primeval forest��
from which they cut out a home for themselves and for their children。

It was ;the winter of the deep snow;。  One transcription from the record
will disclose the scene��


    At length a grave was dug on a knoll in the bush
    at the foot of a great maple with a young snow´laden hemlock at the side。
    The father and the eldest brother carried the box
    along the shovelled path。  The mother close behind was followed
    by the two families。  The snow was falling heavily。  At the grave
    John Eckford read a psalm�察�and prayed�察 �that they might be enabled
    to believe�察�the mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting
    unto them that fear Him。;


John McCrae himself was an indefatigable church´goer。  There is a note
in childish characters written from Edinburgh in his thirteenth year��
;On Sabbath went to service four times。;  There the statement stands
in all its austerity。  A letter from a chaplain is extant in which
a certain mild wonder is expressed at the regularity in attendance
of an officer of field rank。  To his sure taste in poetry the hymns were
a sore trial。  ;Only forty minutes are allowed for the service�察─�he said��
;and it is sad to see them `snappit up' by these poor bald four´line things。;

On Easter Sunday�察�1915�察�he wrote�此  �We had a church parade this morning��
the first since we arrived in France。  Truly�察�if the dead rise not��
we are of all men the most miserable。;  On the funeral service of a friend
he remarks�此  ─�Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God��' 
what a summary of the whole thing that is� ─ �On many occasions he officiated
in the absence of the chaplains who in those days would have as many
as six services a day。  In civil life in Montreal he went to church
in the evening�察�and sat under the Reverend James Barclay of St。 Pauls��
now designated by some at least as St。 Andrews。




  VIII

The Civil Years



It will be observed in this long relation of John McCrae that little mention
has yet been made of what after all was his main concern in life。
For twenty years he studied and practised medicine。  To the end
he was an assiduous student and a very profound practitioner。
He was a student�察�not of medicine alone�察�but of all subjects
ancillary to the science�察�and to the task he came with a mind braced
by a sound and generous education。  Any education of real value
a man must have received before he has attained to the age of seven years。
Indeed he may be left impervious to its influence at seven weeks。
John McCrae's education began well。  It began in the time
of his two grandfathers at least�察�was continued by his father and mother
before he came upon this world's scene�察�and by them was left deep founded
for him to build upon。

Noble natures have a repugnance from work。  Manual labour is servitude。
A day of idleness is a holy day。  For those whose means do not permit
to live in idleness the school is the only refuge�察�but they must prove
their quality。  This is the goal which drives many Scotch boys
to the University�察�scorning delights and willing to live long��
mind´laborious days。

John McCrae's father felt bound ;to give the boy a chance�察�
but the boy must pass the test。  The test in such cases
is the Shorter Catechism�察�that compendium of all intellectual argument。
How the faithful aspirant for the school acquires this body
of written knowledge at a time when he has not yet learned the use of letters
is a secret not to be lightly disclosed。  It may indeed

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