the writings-5-第61章

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authorized　to　examine；　hear；　and　determine　the　cases　aforesaid　ex

parte　and　in　a　summary　manner；　at　such　times　and　places　as　in　their

discretion　they　may　appoint；　and　make　full　report　to　the　War

Department。



By　order　of　the　President

EDWIN　M。　STANTON；　Secretary　of　War。









ORDER　RELATING　TO　COMMERCIAL　INTERCOURSE。



Considering　that　the　existing　circumstances　of　the　country　allow　a

partial　restoration　of　commercial　intercourse　between　the　inhabitants

of　those　parts　of　the　United　States　heretofore　declared　to　be　in

insurrection　and　the　citizens　of　the　loyal　States　of　the　Union；　and

exercising　the　authority　and　discretion　confided　to　me　by　the　act　of

Congress；　approved　July　13；　1861；　entitled　〃An　act　further　to　provide

for　the　collection　of　duties　on　imports；　and　for　other　purposes；〃　I

hereby　license　and　permit　such　commercial　intercourse　in　all　cases

within　the　rules　and　regulations　which　have　been　or　may　be　prescribed

by　the　Secretary　of　the　Treasury　for　conducting　and　carrying　on　the

same　on　the　inland　waters　arid　ways　of　the　United　States。



WASHINGTON；　February　28；　1862。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









SPEECH　TO　THE　PERUVIAN　MINISTER；



WASHINGTON；　D。　C。；

MARCH　4；　1862



The　United　States　have　no　enmities；　animosities；　or　rivalries；　and　no

interests　which　conflict　with　the　welfare；　safety；　and　rights　or

interests　of　any　other　nation。　　Their　own　prosperity；　happiness；　and

aggrandizement　are　sought　most　safely　and　advantageously　through　the

preservation　not　only　of　peace　on　their　own　part；　but　peace　among　all

other　nations。　　But　while　the　United　States　are　thus　a　friend　to　all

other　nations；　they　do　not　seek　to　conceal　the　fact　that　they　cherish

especial　sentiments　of　friendship　for；　and　sympathies　with；　those

who；　like　themselves；　have　founded　their　institutions　on　the

principle　of　the　equal　rights　of　men；　and　such　nations　being　more

prominently　neighbors　of　the　United　States；　the　latter　are

co…operating　with　them　in　establishing　civilization　and　culture　on

the　American　continent。　Such　being　the　general　principles　which

govern　the　United　States　in　their　foreign　relations；　you　may　be

assured；　sir；　that　in　all　things　this　government　will　deal　justly；

frankly；　and；　if　it　be　possible；　even　liberally　with　Peru；　whose

liberal　sentiments　toward　us　you　have　so　kindly　expressed。









MESSAGE　TO　CONGRESS　RECOMMENDING　COMPENSATED　EMANCIPATION。



March　6；　1862



FELLOW…CITIZENS　OF　THE　SENATE　AND　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：

I　recommend　the　adoption　of　a　joint　resolution　by　your　honorable

bodies　which　shall　be　substantially　as　follows：



〃Resolved；　That　the　United　States　ought　to　co…operate　with　any　State

which　may　adopt　gradual　abolishment　of　slavery；　giving　to　such　State

pecuniary　aid；　to　be　used　by　such　State；　in　its　discretion；　to

compensate　for　the　inconveniences；　public　and　private；　produced　by

such　change　of　system。〃



If　the　proposition　contained　in　the　resolution　does　not　meet　the

approval　of　Congress　and　the　country；　there　is　the　end；　but　if　it

does　command　such　approval；　I　deem　it　of　importance　that　the　States

and　people　immediately　interested　should　be　at　once　distinctly

notified　of　the　fact；　so　that　they　may　begin　to　consider　whether　to

accept　or　reject　it。　　The　Federal　Government　would　find　its　highest

interest　in　such　a　measure；　as　one　of　the　most　efficient　means　of

self…preservation。　　The　leaders　of　the　existing　insurrection

entertain　the　hope　that　this　government　will　ultimately　be　forced　to

acknowledge　the　independence　of　some　part　of　the　disaffected　region；

and　that　all　the　slave　States　north　of　such　part　will　then　say；　〃The

Union　for　which　we　have　struggled　being　already　gone；　we　now　choose

to　go　with　the　Southern　section。〃　To　deprive　them　of　this　hope

substantially　ends　the　rebellion；　and　the　initiation　of　emancipation

completely　deprives　them　of　it　as　to　all　the　States　initiating　it。

The　point　is　not　that　all　the　States　tolerating　slavery　would　very

soon；　if　at　all；　initiate　emancipation；　but　that；　while　the　offer　is

equally　made　to　all；　the　more　northern　shall　by　such　initiation　make

it　certain　to　the　more　southern　that　in　no　event　will　the　former　ever

join　the　latter　in　their　proposed　confederacy。　　I　say　〃initiation〃

because；　in　my　judgment；　gradual　and　not　sudden　emancipation　is

better　for　all。　　In　the　mere　financial　or　pecuniary　view；　any　member

of　Congress　with　the　census　tables　and　treasury　reports　before　him

can　readily　see　for　himself　how　very　soon　the　current　expenditures　of

this　war　would　purchase；　at　fair　valuation；　all　the　slaves　in　any

named　State。　　Such　a　proposition　on　the　part　of　the　General

Government　sets　up　no　claim　of　a　right　by　Federal　authority　to

interfere　with　slavery　within　State　limits；　referring；　as　it　does；

the　absolute　control　of　the　subject　in　each　case　to　the　State　and　its

people　immediately　interested。　　It　is　proposed　as　a　matter　of

perfectly　free　choice　with　them。



In　the　annual　message　last　December；　I　thought　fit　to　say；　〃The　Union

must　be　preserved；　and　hence　all　indispensable　means　must　be

employed。〃　I　said　this　not　hastily；　but　deliberately。　　War　has　been

made　and　continues　to　be　an　indispensable　means　to　this　end。　　A

practical　reacknowledgment　of　the　national　authority　would　render　the

war　unnecessary；　and　it　would　at　once　cease。　　If；　however；　resistance

continues；　the　war　must　also　continue；　and　it　is　impossible　to

foresee　all　the　incidents　which　may　attend　and　all　the　ruin　which　may

follow　it。　　Such　as　may　seem　indispensable　or　may　obviously　promise

great　efficiency　toward　ending　the　struggle　must　and　will　come。



The　proposition　now　made　（though　an　offer　only）；　I　hope　it　may　be

esteemed　no　offense　to　ask　whether　the　pecuniary　consideration

tendered　would　not　be　of　more　value　to　the　States　and　private　persons

concerned　than　are　the　institution　and　property　in　it　in　the　present

aspect　of　affairs。



While　it　is　true　that　the　adoption　of　the　proposed　resolution　would

be　merely　initiatory；　and　not　within　itself　a　practical　measure；　it

is　recommended　in　the　hope　that　it　would　soon　lead　to　important

practical　results。　　In　full　view　of　my　great　responsibility　to　my　God

and　to　my　country；　I　earnestly　beg　the　attention　of　Congress　and　the

people　to　the　subject。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









INDORSEMENT　ON　LETTER　FROM　GOVERNOR　YATES。



STATE　OF　ILLINOIS；　EXECUTIVE　DEPARTMENT；

SPRINGFIELD；　ILL。；　March　1；　1862



HON。　EDWIN　M。　STANTON；

SECRETARY　OF　WAR；　Washington；　D。　C。



SIR：The　government　at　my　special　request　a　few　months　since

contracted　for　fourteen　batteries　of　the　James　rifled　gun；　6…pounder

calibre；　and　a　limited　quantity　of　the　James　projectiles；　weighing

about　fourteen　pounds　each。　The　reports　showing　the　superiority　of

this　gun　and　projectile；　both　as　regards　range；　accuracy；　and

execution；　for　field　service　over　that　of　all　others　at　the　battle　of

Fort　Donelson；　leads　me　to　request　that　there　be　furnished　to　the

State　of　Illinois　in　the　shortest　time　practicable　seven　batteries　of

12…pounder　calibre　James　rifled　guns；　with　carriages；　harness；

implements；　etc。；　complete　and　ready　for　field　service；　together　with

the　following　fixed　ammunition　to　each　gun；　viz。；　225　shells；　225

canister；　and　50　solid　projectiles；　weighing　about　24　pounds　each；

and　also　200　shells；　100　canister；　and　100　solid　projectiles　for　each

of　the　guns　of　the　fourteen　batteries　named　above；　weighing　about

14　pounds　each；　all　to　be　of　the　James　model。



Very　respectfully；



RICHARD　YATES；

Governor　of　Illinois。



＇Indorsement。＇



March　8；　1862。



The　within　is　from　the　Governor　of　Illinois。　I　understand　the　seven

additional　batteries　now　sought　are　to　be　6…gun　batteries；　and　the

object　is　to　mix　them　with　the　fourteen　batteries　they　already　have

so　as　to　make　each　battery　consist　of　four　6…pounders　and　two

12…pounders。　I　shall　be　very　glad　to　have　the　requisition　filled　if

it　can　be　without　detriment　to　the　service。



A。　LINCOLN。









PRESIDENT'S　GENERAL　WAR　ORDER　NO。2。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON



March　8；　1862。



Ordered：

1。　　That　the　major…general　commanding　the　Army　of　the　Potomac　proceed

forthwith　to　organize　that　part　of　the　said　army　destined　to　enter

upon　active　operations　（including　the　reserve；　but　excluding　the

troops　to　be　left　in　the　fortifications　about　Washington）　into　four

army　corps；　to　be　commanded　according　to　seniority　of　rank；　as

follows：



First　Corps　to　consist　of　four　divisions；　and　to　be　commanded　by

Major…General　I。　McDowell。

Second　Corps　to　consist　of　three　divisions；　and　to　be　commanded　by

Brigadier…General　E。　V。　Sumner。

Third　Corps　to　consist　of　three　divisions；　and　to　be　commanded　by

Brigadier…General　S。　P。　Heintzelman。

Fourth　Corps　to　consist　of　three　divisions；　and　to　be　commanded　by

Brigadier…General　E。　D。　Keyes。



2。　　　That　the　divisions　now　commanded　by　the　officers　above　assigned

to　the　commands　of　army　corps　shall　be　embraced　in　and　form　part　of

their　respective　corps。



3。　　　The　forces　left　for　the　defense　of　Washington　will　be　placed　in

command　of　Brigadier…General　James　S。　Wadsworth；　who　shall　also　be

military　governor　of　the　District　of　Columbia。



4。　　　That　this　order　be　executed　with　such　promptness　and　dispatch　as

not　to　delay　the　commencement　of　the　operations　already　directed　to

be　underwritten　by　the　Army　of　the　Potomac。



5。　　A　fifth　army　corps；　to　be　commanded　by　Major　general　N。　P。　Banks；

will　be　formed　from　his　own　and　General　Shields's　（late　General

Lander's）　divisions。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









PRESIDENT'S　GENERAL　WAR　ORDER　NO。3。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　MARCH　8；1862



Ordered：　That　no　change　of　the　base　of　operations　of　the　Army　of　the

Potomac　shall　be　made　without　leaving　in　and　about　Washington　such　a

force　as　in　the　opinion　of　the　general…in…chief　and　the　commanders　of

all　the　army　corps　shall　leave　said　city　entirely　secure。



That　no　more　than　two　army　corps　（about　50；000　troops）　of　said　Army

of　the　Potomac　shall　be　moved　en　route　for　a　new　base　of　operations

until　the　navigation　of　the　Potomac　from　Washington　to　the　Chesapeake

Bay　shall　be　freed　from　enemy's　batteries　and　other　obstructions；　or

until　the　President　shall　hereafter　give　express　permission。



That　any　movements　as　aforesaid　en　route　for　a　new　base　of　operations

which　may　be　ordered　by　the　general…in…chief；　and　which　may　be

intended　to　move　upon　the　Chesapeake　Bay；　shall　begin　to　move　upon

the　bay　as　early　as　the　18th　day　of　March　instant；　and　the

general…in…chief　shall　be　responsible　that　it　so　move　as　early　as

that　day。



Ordered；　That　the　army　and　navy　co…operate　in　an　immediate　effort　to

capture　the　enemy's　batteries　upon　the　Potomac　between　Washington　and

the　Chesapeake　Bay。



A。　LINCOLN









MEMORANDU