the writings-5-第48章

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government　for　whose　existence　we　contend。



I　am　most　happy　to　believe　that　the　plain　people　understand　and

appreciate　this。　　It　is　worthy　of　note　that；　while　in　this　the

government's　hour　of　trial　large　numbers　of　those　in　the　army　and

navy　who　have　been　favored　with　the　offices　have　resigned　and　proved

false　to　the　hand　which　had　pampered　them；　not　one　common　soldier　or

common　sailor　is　known　to　have　deserted　his　flag。



Great　honor　is　due　to　those　officers　who　remained　true；　despite　the

example　of　their　treacherous　associates；　but　the　greatest　honor；　and

most　important　fact　of　all；　is　the　unanimous　firmness　of　the　common

soldiers　and　common　sailors。　　To　the　last　man；　so　far　as　known；　they

have　successfully　resisted　the　traitorous　efforts　of　those　whose

commands；　but　an　hour　before；　they　obeyed　as　absolute　law。　　This　is

the　patriotic　instinct　of　the　plain　people。　　They　understand；　without

an　argument；　that　the　destroying　of　the　government　which　was　made　by

Washington　means　no　good　to　them。



Our　popular　government　has　often　been　called　an　experiment。　　Two

points　in　it　our　people　have　already　settledthe　successful

establishing　and　the　successful　administering　of　it。　　One　still

remainsits　successful　maintenance　against　a　formidable　internal

attempt　to　overthrow　it。　　It　is　now　for　them　to　demonstrate　to　the

world　that　those　who　can　fairly　carry　an　election　can　also　suppress　a

rebellion；　that　ballots　are　the　rightful　and　peaceful　successors　of

bullets；　and　that　when　ballots　have　fairly　and　constitutionally

decided；　there　can　be　no　successful　appeal　back　to　bullets；　that

there　can　be　no　successful　appeal；　except　to　ballots　themselves；　at

succeeding　elections。　　Such　will　be　a　great　lesson　of　peace：

teaching　men　that　what　they　cannot　take　by　an　election；　neither　can

they　take　it　by　a　war；　teaching　all　the　folly　of　being　the　beginners

of　a　war。



Lest　there　be　some　uneasiness　in　the　minds　of　candid　men　as　to　what

is　to　be　the　course　of　the　government　toward　the　Southern　States

after　the　rebellion　shall　have　been　suppressed；　the　executive　deems

it　proper　to　say　it　will　be　his　purpose　then；　as　ever；　to　be　guided

by　the　Constitution　and　the　laws；　and　that　he　probably　will　have　no

different　understanding　of　the　powers　and　duties　of　the　Federal

Government　relatively　to　the　rights　of　the　States　and　the　people；

under　the　Constitution；　than　that　expressed　in　the　inaugural　address。



He　desires　to　preserve　the　government；　that　it　may　be　administered

for　all　as　it　was　administered　by　the　men　who　made　it。　　Loyal

citizens　everywhere　have　the　right　to　claim　this　of　their　government；

and　the　government　has　no　right　to　withhold　or　neglect　it。　　It　is　not

perceived　that　in　giving　it　there　is　any　coercion；　any　conquest；　or

any　subjugation；　in　any　just　sense　of　those　terms。



The　Constitution　provides；　and　all　the　States　have　accepted　the

provision；　that　〃the　United　States　shall　guarantee　to　every　State　in

this　Union　a　republican　form　of　government。〃　　But　if　a　State　may

lawfully　go　out　of　the　Union；　having　done　so　it　may　also　discard　the

republican　form　of　government；　so　that　to　prevent　its　going　out　is　an

indispensable　means　to　the　end　of　maintaining　the　guarantee

mentioned；　and　when　an　end　is　lawful　and　obligatory；　the

indispensable　means　to　it　are　also　lawful　and　obligatory。



It　was　with　the　deepest　regret　that　the　executive　found　the　duty　of

employing　the　war　power　in　defense　of　the　government　forced　upon　him。

He　could　but　perform　this　duty　or　surrender　the　existence　of　the

government。　　No　compromise　by　public　servants　could；　in　this　case；　be

a　cure；　not　that　compromises　are　not　often　proper；　but　that　no

popular　government　can　long　survive　a　marked　precedent　that　those　who

carry　an　election　can　only　save　the　government　from　immediate

destruction　by　giving　up　the　main　point　upon　which　the　people　gave

the　election。　　The　people　themselves；　and　not　their　servants；　can

safely　reverse　their　own　deliberate　decisions。



As　a　private　citizen　the　executive　could　not　have　consented　that

these　institutions　shall　perish；　much　less　could　he　in　betrayal　of　so

vast　and　so　sacred　a　trust　as　these　free　people　had　confided　to　him。

He　felt　that　he　had　no　moral　right　to　shrink；　nor　even　to　count　the

chances　of　his　own　life；　in　what　might　follow。　　In　full　view　of　his

great　responsibility　he　has；　so　far；　done　what　he　has　deemed　his

duty。　　You　will　now；　according　to　your　own　judgment；　perform　yours。

He　sincerely　hopes　that　your　views　and　your　action　may　so　accord　with

his　as　to　assure　all　faithful　citizens　who　have　been　disturbed　in

their　rights　of　a　certain　and　speedy　restoration　to　them；　under　the

Constitution　and　the　laws。



And　having　thus　chosen　our　course；　without　guile　and　with　pure

purpose；　let　us　renew　our　trust　in　God；　and　go　forward　without　fear

and　with　manly　hearts。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN；　　　July　4；　1861









TO　THE　SECRETARY　OF　THE　INTERIOR。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　July　6；　1861。



HON。　SEC。　OF　INTERIOR。



MY　DEAR　SIR：Please　ask　the　Comr。　of　Indian　Affairs；　and　of　the

Gen'1　Land　Office　to　come　with　you；　and　see　me　at　once。　I　want　the

assistance　of　all　of　you　in　overhauling　the　list　of　appointments　a

little　before　I　send　them　to　the　Senate。



Yours　truly；

A。　LINCOLN。









MESSAGE　TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES。



TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



In　answer　to　the　resolution　of　the　House　of　Representatives　of　the

9th　instant；　requesting　a　copy　of　correspondence　upon　the　subject　of

the　incorporation　of　the　Dominican　republic　with　the　Spanish

monarchy；　I　transmit　a　report　from　the　Secretary　of　State；　to　whom

the　resolution　was　referred。



WASHINGTON；　July　11；　1861。









MESSAGE　TO　CONGRESS。



TO　THE　SENATE　AND　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



I　transmit　to　Congress　a　copy　of　correspondence　between　the　Secretary

of　State　and　her　Britannic　Majesty's　envoy　extraordinary　and　minister

plenipotentiary　accredited　to　this　government；　relative　to　the

exhibition　of　the　products　of　industry　of　all　nations；　which　is　to

take　place　at　London　in　the　course　of　next　year。　　As　citizens　of　the

United　States　may　justly　pride　themselves　upon　their　proficiency　in

industrial　arts；　it　is　desirable　that　they　should　have　proper

facilities　toward　taking　part　in　the　exhibition。　　With　this　view　I

recommend　such　legislation　by　Congress　at　this　session　as　may　be

necessary　for　that　purpose。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



WASHINGTON；　July　16；　1861









MESSAGE　TO　CONGRESS。



TO　THE　SENATE　AND　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



As　the　United　States　have；　in　common　with　Great　Britain　and　France；　a

deep　interest　in　the　preservation　and　development　of　the　fisheries

adjacent　to　the　northeastern　coast　and　islands　of　this　continent；　it

seems　proper　that　we　should　concert　with　the　governments　of　those

countries　such　measures　as　may　be　conducive　to　those　important

objects。　　With　this　view　I　transmit　to　Congress　a　copy　of　a

correspondence　between　the　Secretary　of　State　and　the　British

minister　here；　in　which　the　latter　proposes；　on　behalf　of　his

government；　the　appointment　of　a　joint　commission　to　inquire　into　the

matter；　in　order　that　such　ulterior　measures　may　be　adopted　as　may　be

advisable　for　the　objects　proposed。　Such　legislation　recommended　as

may　be　necessary　to　enable　th　executive　to　provide　for　a　commissioner

on　behalf　of　the　United　States：



WASHINGTON；　JULY　19；　1861。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









TO　THE　ADJUTANT…GENERAL



WASHINGTON；　JULY　19；　1861



ADJUTANT…GENERAL：



I　have　agreed；　and　do　agree；　that　the　two　Indian　regiments　named

within　shall　be　accepted　if　the　act　of　Congress　shall　admit　it。　　Let

there　be　no　further　question　about　it。



A。　LINCOLN。









MEMORANDA　OF　MILITARY　POLICY　SUGGESTED　BY　THE

BULL　RUN　DEFEAT。



JULY　23；　1861



1。　Let　the　plan　for　making　the　blockade　effective　be　pushed　forward

with　all　possible　despatch。



2。　Let　the　volunteer　forces　at　Fort　Monroe　and　vicinity　under

General　Butler　be　constantly　drilled；　disciplined；　and　instructed

without　more　for　the　present。



3。　Let　Baltimore　be　held　as　now；　with　a　gentle　but　firm　and　certain

hand。



4。　Let　the　force　now　under　Patterson　or　Banks　be　strengthened　and　made

secure　in　its　position。



5。　Let　the　forces　in　Western　Virginia　act　till　further　orders

according　to　instructions　or　orders　from　General　McClellan。



6。　＇Let＇　General　Fremont　push　forward　his　organization　and　operations

in　the　West　as　rapidly　as　possible；　giving　rather　special　attention

to　Missouri。



7。　Let　the　forces　late　before　Manassas；　except　the　three…months　men；

be　reorganized　as　rapidly　as　possible　in　their　camps　here　and　about

Arlington。



8。　Let　the　three…months　forces　who　decline　to　enter　the　longer　service

be　discharged　as　rapidly　as　circumstances　will　permit。



9。　Let　the　new　volunteer　forces　be　brought　forward　as　fast　as

possible；　and　especially　into　the　camps　on　the　two　sides　of　the　river

here。



When　the　foregoing　shall　be　substantially　attended　to：



1。　Let　Manassas　Junction　（or　some　point　on　one　or　other　of　the

railroads　near　it）　and　Strasburg　be　seized；　and　permanently　held；

with　an　open　line　from　Washington　to　Manassas；　and　an　open　line　from

Harper's　Ferry　to　Strasburg　the　military　men　to　find　the　way　of　doing

these。



2。　This　done；　a　joint　movement　from　Cairo　on　Memphis；　and　from

Cincinnati　on　East　Tennessee。









TO　THE　GOVERNOR　OF　NEW　JERSEY。



WASHINGTON；　D。C。；　July　24；　1861



THE　GOVERNOR　OF　NEW　JERSEY。



SIR：Together　with　the　regiments　of　three　years'　volunteers　which

the　government　already　has　in　service　in　your　State；　enough　to　make

eight　in　all；　if　tendered　in　a　reasonable　time；　will　be　accepted；　the

new　regiments　to　be　taken；　as　far　as　convenient；　from　the　three

months'　men　and　officers　just　discharged；　and　to　be　organized；

equipped；　and　sent　forward　as　fast　as　single　regiments　are　ready；　On

the　same　terms　as　were　those　already　in　the　service　from　that　State。



Your　obedient　servant；

A。　LINCOLN。



＇Indorsement。＇



This　order　is　entered　in　the　War　Department；　and　the　Governor　of　New

Jersey　is　authorized　to　furnish　the　regiments　with　wagons　and　horses。



S。　　CAMERON；　Secretary　of　War。









MESSAGE　TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES。



TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



In　answer　to　the　resolution　of　the　House　of　Representatives　of　the

22d　instant；　requesting　a　copy　of　the　correspondence　between　this；

government　and　foreign　powers　with　reference　to　maritime　right　；　I

transmit　a　report　from　the　Secretary　of　State。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



WASHINGTON；　July　25；　1861









MESSAGE　TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES。



TO　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



In　answer　to　the　resolution　of　the　House　of　Representatives　of　the

15th　instant；