the wars of the jews-第26章

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ndemned　to　die；　however；　they　wrote　withal；　that　if　Herod　had　a　mind　rather　to　banish　him；　Caesar　permitted　him　so　to　do。　So　he　for　a　little　while　revived；　and　had　a　desire　to　live；　but　presently　after　he　was　overborne　by　his　pains；　and　was　disordered　by　want　of　food；　and　by　a　convulsive　cough；　and　endeavored　to　prevent　a　natural；　death；　so　he　took　an　apple；　and　asked　for　a　knife　for　he　used　to　pare　apples　and　eat　them；　he　then　looked　round　about　to　see　that　there　was　nobody　to　hinder　him；　and　lift　up　his　right　hand　as　if　he　would　stab　himself；　but　Achiabus；　his　first　cousin；　came　running　to　him；　and　held　his　hand；　and　hindered　him　from　so　doing；　on　which　occasion　a　very　great　lamentation　was　made　in　the　palace；　as　if　the　king　were　expiring。　As　soon　as　ever　Antipater　heard　that；　he　took　courage；　and　with　joy　in　his　looks；　besought　his　keepers；　for　a　sum　of　money；　to　loose　him　and　let　him　go；　but　the　principal　keeper　of　the　prison　did　not　only　obstruct　him　in　that　his　intention；　but　ran　and　told　the　king　what　his　design　was；　hereupon　the　king　cried　out　louder　than　his　distemper　would　well　bear；　and　immediately　sent　some　of　his　guards　and　slew　Antipater；　he　also　gave　order　to　have　him　buried　at　Hyrcanium；　and　altered　his　testament　again；　and　therein　made　Archclaus；　his　eldest　son；　and　the　brother　of　Antipas；　his　successor；　and　made　Antipas　tetrarch。

8。　So　Herod；　having　survived　the　slaughter　of　his　son　five　days；　died；　having　reigned　thirty…four　years　since　he　had　caused　Antigonus　to　be　slain；　and　obtained　his　kingdom；　but　thirty…seven　years　since　he　had　been　made　king　by　the　Romans。　Now　as　for　his　fortune；　it　was　prosperous　in　all　other　respects；　if　ever　any　other　man　could　be　so；　since；　from　a　private　man；　he　obtained　the　kingdom；　and　kept　it　so　long；　and　left　it　to　his　own　sons；　but　still　in　his　domestic　affairs　he　was　a　most　unfortunate　man。　Now；　before　the　soldiers　knew　of　his　death；　Salome　and　her　husband　came　out　and　dismissed　those　that　were　in　bonds；　whom　the　king　had　commanded　to　be　slain；　and　told　them　that　he　had　altered　his　mind；　and　would　have　every　one　of　them　sent　to　their　own　homes。　When　these　men　were　gone；　Salome；　told　the　soldiers　＇the　king　was　dead＇；　and　got　them　and　the　rest　of　the　multitude　together　to　an　assembly；　in　the　amphitheater　at　Jericho；　where　Ptolemy；　who　was　intrusted　by　the　king　with　his　signet　ring；　came　before　them；　and　spake　of　the　happiness　the　king　had　attained；　and　comforted　the　multitude；　and　read　the　epistle　which　had　been　left　for　the　soldiers；　wherein　he　earnestly　exhorted　them　to　bear　good…will　to　his　successor；　and　after　he　had　read　the　epistle；　he　opened　and　read　his　testament；　wherein　Philip　was　to　inherit　Trachonitis；　and　the　neighboring　countries；　and　Antipas　was　to　be　tetrarch；　as　we　said　before；　and　Archelaus　was　made　king。　He　had　also　been　commanded　to　carry　Herod's　ring　to　Caesar；　and　the　settlements　he　had　made；　sealed　up；　because　Caesar　was　to　be　lord　of　all　the　settlements　he　had　made；　and　was　to　confirm　his　testament；　and　he　ordered　that　the　dispositions　he　had　made　were　to　be　kept　as　they　were　in　his　former　testament。

9。　So　there　was　an　acclamation　made　to　Archelaus；　to　congratulate　him　upon　his　advancement；　and　the　soldiers；　with　the　multitude；　went　round　about　in　troops；　and　promised　him　their　good…will；　and　besides；　prayed　God　to　bless　his　government。　After　this；　they　betook　themselves　to　prepare　for　the　king's　funeral；　and　Archelaus　omitted　nothing　of　magnificence　therein；　but　brought　out　all　the　royal　ornaments　to　augment　the　pomp　of　the　deceased。　There　was　a　bier　all　of　gold；　embroidered　with　precious　stones；　and　a　purple　bed　of　various　contexture；　with　the　dead　body　upon　it；　covered　with　purple；　and　a　diadem　was　put　upon　his　head；　and　a　crown　of　gold　above　it；　and　a　secptre　in　his　right　hand；　and　near　to　the　bier　were　Herod's　sons；　and　a　multitude　of　his　kindred；　next　to　which　came　his　guards；　and　the　regiment　of　Thracians；　the　Germans。　also　and　Gauls；　all　accounted　as　if　they　were　going　to　war；　but　the　rest　of　the　army　went　foremost；　armed；　and　following　their　captains　and　officers　in　a　regular　manner；　after　whom　five　hundred　of　his　domestic　servants　and　freed…men　followed；　with　sweet　spices　in　their　hands：　and　the　body　was　carried　two　hundred　furlongs；　to　Herodium；　where　he　had　given　order　to　be　buried。　And　this　shall　suffice　for　the　conclusion　of　the　life　of　Herod。

WAR　BOOK　1　FOOTNOTES

（1）　I　see　little　difference　in　the　several　accounts　in　Josephus　about　the　Egyptian　temple　Onion；　of　which　large　complaints　are　made　by　his　commentators。　Onias；　it　seems；　hoped　to　have　：made　it　very　like　that　at　Jerusalem；　and　of　the　same　dimensions；　and　so　he　appears　to　have　really　done；　as　far　as　he　was　able　and　thought　proper。　Of　this　temple；　see　Antiq。　B。　XIII。　ch。　3。　sect。　13；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　VII。　ch。　10。　sect。　8。

（2）　Why　this　John；　the　son　of　Simon；　the　high　priest　and　governor　of　the　Jews；　was　called　Hyrcanus；　Josephus　no　where　informs　us；　nor　is　he　called　other　than　John　at　the　end　of　the　First　Book　of　the　Maccabees。　However；　Sixtus　Seuensis；　when　he　gives　us　an　epitome　of　the　Greek　version　of　the　book　here　abridged　by　Josephus；　or　of　the　Chronicles　of　this　John　Hyrcanus；　then　extant；　assures　us　that　he　was　called　Hyrcanus　from　his　conquest　of　one　of　that　name。　See　Authent。　Rec。　Part　I。　p。　207。　But　of　this　younger　Antiochus；　see　Dean　Aldrich's　note　here。

（3）　Josephus　here　calls　this　Antiochus　the　last　of　the　Seleucidae；　although　there　remained　still　a　shadow　of　another　king　of　that　family；　Antiochus　Asiaticus；　or　Commagenus；　who　reigned；　or　rather　lay　hid；　till　Pompey　quite　turned　him　out；　as　Dean　Aldrich　here　notes　from　Appian　and　Justin。

（4）　Matthew　16：19；　18：18。　Here　we　have　the　oldest　and　most　authentic　Jewish　exposition　of　binding　and　loosing；　for　punishing　or　absolving　men；　not　for　declaring　actions　lawful　or　unlawful；　as　some　more　modern　Jews　and　Christians　vainly　pretend。

（5）　Strabo；　B。　XVI。　p。　740；　relates；　that　this　Selene　Cleopatra　was　besieged　by　Tigranes；　not　in　Ptolemais；　as　here；　but　after　she　had　left　Syria；　in　Seleucia；　a　citadel　in　Mesopotamia；　and　adds；　that　when　he　had　kept　her　a　while　in　prison；　he　put　her　to　death。　Dean　Aldrich　supposes　here　that　Strabo　contradicts　Josephus；　which　does　not　appear　to　me；　for　although　Josephus　says　both　here　and　in　the　Antiquities；　B。　XIII。　ch。　16。　sect。　4；　that　Tigranes　besieged　her　now　in　Ptolemais；　and　that　he　took　the　city；　as　the　Antiquities　inform　us；　yet　does　he　no　where　intimate　that　he　now　took　the　queen　herself；　so　that　both　the　narrations　of　Strabo　and　Josephus　may　still　be　true　notwithstanding。

（6）　That　this　Antipater；　the　father　of　Herod　the　Great　was　an　Idumean；　as　Josephus　affirms　here；　see　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　15。　sect。　2。　It　is　somewhat　probable；　as　Hapercamp　supposes；　and　partly　Spanheim　also；　that　the　Latin　is　here　the　truest；　that　Pompey　did　him　Hyrcanus；　as　he　would　have　done　the　others　from　Aristobulus；　sect。　6；　although　his　remarkable　abstinence　from　the　2000　talents　that　were　in　the　Jewish　temple；　when　he　took　it　a　little　afterward；　ch。　7。　sect。　6；　and　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　4。　sect。　4；　will　to　Greek　all　which　agree　he　did　not　take　them。

（7）　Of　the　famous　palm　trees　and　balsam　about　Jericho　and　Engaddl；　see　the　notes　in　Havercamp's　edition；　both　here　and　B。　II。　ch。　9。　sect。　1。　They　are　somewhat　too　long　to　be　transcribed　in　this　place。

（8）　Thus　says　Tacitus：　Cn。　Pompelna　first　of　all　subdued　the　Jews；　and　went　into　their　temple；　by　right　of　conquest；　Hist。　B。　V。　ch。　9。　Nor　did　he　touch　any　of　its　riches；　as　has　been　observed　on　the　parallel　place　of　the　Antiquities；　B。　XIV。　ch。　4。　sect。　4；　out　of　Cicero　himself。

（9）　The　coin　of　this　Gadara；　still　extant；　with　its　date　from　this　era；　is　a　certain　evidence　of　this　its　rebuilding　by　Pompey；　as　Spanheim　here　assures　us。

（10）　Take　the　like　attestation　to　the　truth　of　this　submission　of　Aretas；　king　of　Arabia；　to　Scaurus　the　Roman　general；　in　the　words　of　Dean　Aldrich。　〃Hence　（says　he）　is　derived　that　old　and　famous　Denarius　belonging　to　the　Emillian　family　＇represented　in　Havercamp's　edition＇；　wherein　Aretas　appears　in　a　posture　of　supplication；　and　taking　hold　of　a　camel's　bridle　with　his　left　hand；　and　with　his　right　hand　presenting　a　branch　of　the　frankincense　tree；　with　this　inscription；　M。　SCAURUS　EX　S。C。；　and　beneath；　REX　ARETAS。〃

（11）　This　citation　is　now　wanting。

（12）　What　is　here　noted　by　Hudson　and　Spanheim；　that　this　grant　of　leave　to　rebuild　the　walls　of　the　cities　of　Judea　was　made　by　Julius　Caesar；　not　as　here　to　Antipater；　but　to　Hyrcanas；　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　8。　sect。　5；　has　hardly　an　appearance　of　a　contradiction；　Antipater　being　now　perhaps　considered　only　as　Hyrcanus's　deputy　and　minister；　although　he　afterwards　made　a　cipher　of　Hyrcanus；　and；　under　great　decency　of　behavior　to　him；　took　the　real　authority　to　himself。

（13）　Or　twenty…five　years　of　age。　See　note　on　Antiq。　B。　I。　ch。　12。　sect。　3；　and　on　B。　XIV。　ch。　9。　sect。　2；　and　Of　the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　11。　sect。　6；　and　Polyb。　B。　XVII。　p。　725。　Many　writers　of　the　Roman　history　give　an　account　of　this　murder　of　Sextus　Caesar；　and　of　the　war　of　Apamia　upon　that　occasion。　They　are　cited　in　Dean　Aldrich's　note。

（14）　In　the　Antiquities；　B。　XIV。　ch。　11。　sect。　1；　the　duration　of　the　reign　of　Julius　Caesar　is　three　years　six　months；　but　here　three　years　seven　months；　beginning　nightly；　says　Dean　Aldrich；　from　his　second　dictatorship。　It　is　probable　the　real　duration　might　be　three　years　and　between　six　and　seven　months。

（15）　It　appears　evidently　by　Josephus's　accounts；　both　here　and　in　his　Antiquities；　B。　XIV。　ch。　11。　sect。　2；　that　this　Cassius；　one　of　Caesar's　murderers；　was　a　bitter　oppressor；　and　exactor　of　tribute　in　Judea。　These　seven　hundred　talents　amount　to　about　three　hundred　thousand　pounds　sterling；　and　are　about　half　the　yearly　revenues　of　king　Herod　afterwards。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　XVII。　ch。　11。　sect。　4。　It　also　appears　that　Galilee　then　paid　no　more　than　one　hundred　talents；　or　the　seventh　part　of　the　entire　sum　to　be　levied　in　all　the　country。

（16）　Here　we　see　that　Cassius　set　tyrants　over　all　Syria；　so　that　his　assisting　to　destroy　Caesar　does　not　seem　to　have　proceeded　from　his　true　zeal　for　public　liberty；　but　from　a　desire　to　be　a　tyrant　himself。

（17）　Phasaelus　and　Herod。

（18）　This　large　and　noted　wood；　or　woodland；　belonging　to　Carmel；　called　apago　by　the　Septuagint；　is　mentioned　in　the　Old　Testament；　2　Kings　19：23；　Isaiah　37：24；　and　by　I　Strabo；　B。　XVI。　p。　758；　as　both　Aldrich　and　Spanheim　here　remark　very　pertinently。

（19）　These　accounts；　both　here　and　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　13。　sect。　5；　that　the　Parthians　fought　chiefly　on　horseback；　and　that　only　some　few　of　their　soldiers　were　free…men；　perfectly　agree　with　Trogus　Pompeius；　in　Justin；　B。　XLI。　2；　3；　as　Dean　Aldrich　well　observes　on　this　place。

（20）　Mariamac　here；　in　the　copies。

（21）　This　Brentesium　or　Brundusium　has　coin　still　preserved；　on　which　is　written；　as　Spanheim　informs　us。

（22）　This　Dellius　is　famous；　or　rather　infamous；　in　the　history　of　Mark　Antony；　as　Spanheim　and　Aldrich　here　note；　from　the　coins；　from　Plutarch　and　Dio。

（23）　This　Sepphoris；　the　metropolis　of　Galilee；　so　often　mentioned　by　Josephus；　has　coins　still　remaining；　as　Spanheim　here