the wars of the jews-第16章

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as　entire　cities；　for　when　he　had　built　a　most　beautiful　wall　round　a　country　in　Samaria；　twenty　furlongs　long；　and　had　brought　six　thousand　inhabitants　into　it；　and　had　allotted　to　it　a　most　fruitful　piece　of　land；　and　in　the　midst　of　this　city；　thus　built；　had　erected　a　very　large　temple　to　Caesar；　and　had　laid　round　about　it　a　portion　of　sacred　land　of　three　furlongs　and　a　half；　he　called　the　city　Sebaste；　from　Sebastus；　or　Augustus；　and　settled　the　affairs　of　the　city　after　a　most　regular　manner。　　3。　And　when　Caesar　had　further　bestowed　upon　him　another　additional　country；　he　built　there　also　a　temple　of　white　marble；　hard　by　the　fountains　of　Jordan：　the　place　is　called　Panium；　where　is　a　top　of　a　mountain　that　is　raised　to　an　immense　height；　and　at　its　side；　beneath；　or　at　its　bottom；　a　dark　cave　opens　itself；　within　which　there　is　a　horrible　precipice；　that　descends　abruptly　to　a　vast　depth；　it　contains　a　mighty　quantity　of　water；　which　is　immovable；　and　when　any　body　lets　down　any　thing　to　measure　the　depth　of　the　earth　beneath　the　water；　no　length　of　cord　is　sufficient　to　reach　it。　Now　the　fountains　of　Jordan　rise　at　the　roots　of　this　cavity　outwardly；　and；　as　some　think；　this　is　the　utmost　origin　of　Jordan：　but　we　shall　speak　of　that　matter　more　accurately　in　our　following　history。

4。　But　the　king　erected　other　places　at　Jericho　also；　between　the　citadel　Cypros　and　the　former　palace；　such　as　were　better　and　more　useful　than　the　former　for　travelers；　and　named　them　from　the　same　friends　of　his。　To　say　all　at　once；　there　was　not　any　place　of　his　kingdom　fit　for　the　purpose　that　was　permitted　to　be　without　somewhat　that　was　for　Caesar's　honor；　and　when　he　had　filled　his　own　country　with　temples；　he　poured　out　the　like　plentiful　marks　of　his　esteem　into　his　province；　and　built　many　cities　which　he　called　Cesareas。

5。　And　when　he　observed　that　there　was　a　city　by　the　sea…side　that　was　much　decayed；　（its　name　was　Strato's　Tower；）　but　that　the　place；　by　the　happiness　of　its　situation；　was　capable　of　great　improvements　from　his　liberality；　he　rebuilt　it　all　with　white　stone；　and　adorned　it　with　several　most　splendid　palaces；　wherein　he　especially　demonstrated　his　magnanimity；　for　the　case　was　this；　that　all　the　sea…shore　between　Dora　and　Joppa；　in　the　middle；　between　which　this　city　is　situated；　had　no　good　haven；　insomuch　that　every　one　that　sailed　from　Phoenicia　for　Egypt　was　obliged　to　lie　in　the　stormy　sea；　by　reason　of　the　south　winds　that　threatened　them；　which　wind；　if　it　blew　but　a　little　fresh；　such　vast　waves　are　raised；　and　dash　upon　the　rocks；　that　upon　their　retreat　the　sea　is　in　a　great　ferment　for　a　long　way。　But　the　king；　by　the　expenses　he　was　at；　and　the　liberal　disposal　of　them；　overcame　nature；　and　built　a　haven　larger　than　was　the　Pyrecum　（33）　＇at　Athens＇；　and　in　the　inner　retirements　of　the　water　he　built　other　deep　stations　＇for　the　ships　also＇。

6。　Now　although　the　place　where　he　built　was　greatly　opposite　to　his　purposes；　yet　did　he　so　fully　struggle　with　that　difficulty；　that　the　firmness　of　his　building　could　not　easily　be　conquered　by　the　sea；　and　the　beauty　and　ornament　of　the　works　were　such；　as　though　he　had　not　had　any　difficulty　in　the　operation；　for　when　he　had　measured　out　as　large　a　space　as　we　have　before　mentioned；　he　let　down　stones　into　twenty　fathom　water；　the　greatest　part　of　which　were　fifty　feet　in　length；　and　nine　in　depth；　and　ten　in　breadth；　and　some　still　larger。　But　when　the　haven　was　filled　up　to　that　depth；　he　enlarged　that　wall　which　was　thus　already　extant　above　the　sea；　till　it　was　two　hundred　feet　wide；　one　hundred　of　which　had　buildings　before　it；　in　order　to　break　the　force　of　the　waves；　whence　it　was　called　Procumatia；　or　the　first　breaker　of　the　waves；　but　the　rest　of　the　space　was　under　a　stone　wall　that　ran　round　it。　On　this　wall　were　very　large　towers；　the　principal　and　most　beautiful　of　which　was　called　Drusium；　from　Drusus；　who　was　son…in…law　to　Caesar。　　7。　There　were　also　a　great　number　of　arches；　where　the　mariners　dwelt；　and　all　the　places　before　them　round　about　was　a　large　valley；　or　walk；　for　a　quay　＇or　landing…place＇　to　those　that　came　on　shore；　but　the　entrance　was　on　the　north；　because　the　north　wind　was　there　the　most　gentle　of　all　the　winds。　At　the　mouth　of　the　haven　were　on　each　side　three　great　Colossi；　supported　by　pillars；　where　those　Colossi　that　are　on　your　left　hand　as　you　sail　into　the　port　are　supported　by　a　solid　tower；　but　those　on　the　right　hand　are　supported　by　two　upright　stones　joined　together；　which　stones　were　larger　than　that　tower　which　was　on　the　other　side　of　the　entrance。　Now　there　were　continual　edifices　joined　to　the　haven；　which　were　also　themselves　of　white　stone；　and　to　this　haven　did　the　narrow　streets　of　the　city　lead；　and　were　built　at　equal　distances　one　from　another。　And　over　against　the　mouth　of　the　haven；　upon　an　elevation；　there　was　a　temple　for　Caesar；　which　was　excellent　both　in　beauty　and　largeness；　and　therein　was　a　Colossus　of　Caesar；　not　less　than　that　of　Jupiter　Olympius；　which　it　was　made　to　resemble。　The　other　Colossus　of　Rome　was　equal　to　that　of　Juno　at　Argos。　So　he　dedicated　the　city　to　the　province；　and　the　haven　to　the　sailors　there；　but　the　honor　of　the　building　he　ascribed　to　Caesar；　（34）　and　named　it　Cesarea　accordingly。

8。　He　also　built　the　other　edifices；　the　amphitheater；　and　theater；　and　market…place；　in　a　manner　agreeable　to　that　denomination；　and　appointed　games　every　fifth　year；　and　called　them；　in　like　manner；　Caesar's　Games；　and　he　first　himself　proposed　the　largest　prizes　upon　the　hundred　ninety…second　olympiad；　in　which　not　only　the　victors　themselves；　but　those　that　came　next　to　them；　and　even　those　that　came　in　the　third　place；　were　partakers　of　his　royal　bounty。　He　also　rebuilt　Anthedon；　a　city　that　lay　on　the　coast；　and　had　been　demolished　in　the　wars；　and　named　it　Agrippeum。　Moreover；　he　had　so　very　great　a　kindness　for　his　friend　Agrippa；　that　he　had　his　name　engraved　upon　that　gate　which　he　had　himself　erected　in　the　temple。

9。　Herod　was　also　a　lover　of　his　father；　if　any　other　person　ever　was　so；　for　he　made　a　monument　for　his　father；　even　that　city　which　he　built　in　the　finest　plain　that　was　in　his　kingdom；　and　which　had　rivers　and　trees　in　abundance；　and　named　it　Antipatris。　He　also　built　a　wall　about　a　citadel　that　lay　above　Jericho；　and　was　a　very　strong　and　very　fine　building；　and　dedicated　it　to　his　mother；　and　called　it　Cypros。　Moreover；　he　dedicated　a　tower　that　was　at　Jerusalem；　and　called　it　by　the　name　of　his　brother　Phasaelus；　whose　structure；　largeness；　and　magnificence　we　shall　describe　hereafter。　He　also　built　another　city　in　the　valley　that　leads　northward　from　Jericho；　and　named　it　Phasaelis。

10。　And　as　he　transmitted　to　eternity　his　family　and　friends；　so　did　he　not　neglect　a　memorial　for　himself；　but　built　a　fortress　upon　a　mountain　towards　Arabia；　and　named　it　from　himself；　Herodium　（35）　and　he　called　that　hill　that　was　of　the　shape　of　a　woman's　breast；　and　was　sixty　furlongs　distant　from　Jerusalem；　by　the　same　name。　He　also　bestowed　much　curious　art　upon　it；　with　great　ambition；　and　built　round　towers　all　about　the　top　of　it；　and　filled　up　the　remaining　space　with　the　most　costly　palaces　round　about；　insomuch　that　not　only　the　sight　of　the　inner　apartments　was　splendid；　but　great　wealth　was　laid　out　on　the　outward　walls；　and　partitions；　and　roofs　also。　Besides　this；　he　brought　a　mighty　quantity　of　water　from　a　great　distance；　and　at　vast　charges；　and　raised　an　ascent　to　it　of　two　hundred　steps　of　the　whitest　marble；　for　the　hill　was　itself　moderately　high；　and　entirely　factitious。　He　also　built　other　palaces　about　the　roots　of　the　hill；　sufficient　to　receive　the　furniture　that　was　put　into　them；　with　his　friends　also；　insomuch　that；　on　account　of　its　containing　all　necessaries；　the　fortress　might　seem　to　be　a　city；　but；　by　the　bounds　it　had；　a　palace　only。

11。　And　when　he　had　built　so　much；　he　showed　the　greatness　of　his　soul　to　no　small　number　of　foreign　cities。　He　built　palaces　for　exercise　at　Tripoli；　and　Damascus；　and　Ptolemais；　he　built　a　wall　about　Byblus；　as　also　large　rooms；　and　cloisters；　and　temples；　and　market…places　at　Berytus　and　Tyre；　with　theatres　at　Sidon　and　Damascus。　He　also　built　aqueducts　for　those　Laodiceans　who　lived　by　the　sea…side；　and　for　those　of　Ascalon　he　built　baths　and　costly　fountains；　as　also　cloisters　round　a　court；　that　were　admirable　both　for　their　workmanship　and　largeness。　Moreover；　he　dedicated　groves　and　meadows　to　some　people；　nay；　not　a　few　cities　there　were　who　had　lands　of　his　donation；　as　if　they　were　parts　of　his　own　kingdom。　He　also　bestowed　annual　revenues；　and　those　for　ever　also；　on　the　settlements　for　exercises；　and　appointed　for　them；　as　well　as　for　the　people　of　Cos；　that　such　rewards　should　never　be　wanting。　He　also　gave　corn　to　all　such　as　wanted　it；　and　conferred　upon　Rhodes　large　sums　of　money　for　building　ships；　and　this　he　did　in　many　places；　and　frequently　also。　And　when　Apollo's　temple　had　been　burnt　down；　he　rebuilt　it　at　his　own　charges；　after　a　better　manner　than　it　was　before。　What　need　I　speak　of　the　presents　he　made　to　the　Lycians　and　Samnians？　or　of　his　great　liberality　through　all　Ionia？　and　that　according　to　every　body's　wants　of　them。　And　are　not　the　Athenians；　and　Lacedemonians；　and　Nicopolitans；　and　that　Pergamus　which　is　in　Mysia；　full　of　donations　that　Herod　presented　them　withal？　And　as　for　that　large　open　place　belonging　to　Antioch　in　Syria；　did　not　he　pave　it　with　polished　marble；　though　it　were　twenty　furlongs　long？　and　this　when　it　was　shunned　by　all　men　before；　because　it　was　full　of　dirt　and　filthiness；　when　he　besides　adorned　the　same　place　with　a　cloister　of　the　same　length。

12。　It　is　true；　a　man　may　say；　these　were　favors　peculiar　to　those　particular　places　on　which　he　bestowed　his　benefits；　but　then　what　favors　he　bestowed　on　the　Eleans　was　a　donation　not　only　in　common　to　all　Greece；　but　to　all　the　habitable　earth；　as　far　as　the　glory　of　the　Olympic　games　reached。　For　when　he　perceived　that　they　were　come　to　nothing；　for　want　of　money；　and　that　the　only　remains　of　ancient　Greece　were　in　a　manner　gone；　he　not　only　became　one　of　the　combatants　in　that　return　of　the　fifth…year　games；　which　in　his　sailing　to　Rome　he　happened　to　be　present　at；　but　he　settled　upon　them　revenues　of　money　for　perpetuity；　insomuch　that　his　memorial　as　a　combatant　there　can　never　fail。　It　would　be　an　infinite　task　if　I　should　go　over　his　payments　of　people's　debts；　or　tributes；　for　them；　as　he　eased　the　people　of　Phasaelis；　of　Batanea；　and　of　the　small　cities　about　Cilicia；　of　those　annual　pensions　they　before　paid。　However；　the　fear　he　was　in　much　disturbed　the　greatness　of　his　soul；　lest　he　should　be　exposed　to　envy；　or　seem　to　hunt　after　greater　filings　than　he　ought；　while　he　bestowed　more　liberal　gifts　upon　these　cities　than　did　their　owners　themselves。

13。　Now　Herod　had　a　body　suited　to　his　soul；　and　was　ever　a　most　excellent　hunter；　where　he　generally　had　good　success；　by　the　means　of　his　great　skill　in　riding　horses；　for　in　one　day　he　caught　forty　wild　beasts：　（36）　that　country　breeds　also　bears；　and　the　greatest　part　of　it　is　replenished　with　stags　and　wild　asses。　He　was　also　such　a　warrio